Hashed utility for ValueMap to improve hashing performance

opentelemetry-sdk/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt", "time"], optional = true }
 tokio-stream = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 http = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tracing = {workspace = true, optional = true}
+rustc-hash = "2.0.0"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true

opentelemetry-sdk/src/metrics/internal/hashed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use std::{
+    borrow::{Borrow, Cow},
+    hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher},
+    ops::Deref,
+};
+
+use rustc_hash::*;
+
+/// Hash value only once, works with references and owned types.
+pub(crate) struct Hashed<'a, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + ?Sized,
+{
+    value: Cow<'a, T>,
+    hash: u64,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Hashed<'a, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + Hash + ?Sized,
+{
+    pub(crate) fn from_borrowed(value: &'a T) -> Self {
+        let mut hasher = FxHasher::default();
+        value.hash(&mut hasher);
+        Self {
+            value: Cow::Borrowed(value),
+            hash: hasher.finish(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn from_owned(value: <T as ToOwned>::Owned) -> Self {
+        let hash = calc_hash(value.borrow());
+        Self {
+            value: Cow::Owned(value),
+            hash,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn mutate(self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut <T as ToOwned>::Owned)) -> Hashed<'static, T> {
+        let mut value = self.value.into_owned();
+        f(&mut value);
+        let hash = calc_hash(value.borrow());
+        Hashed {
+            value: Cow::Owned(value),
+            hash,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_owned(self) -> Hashed<'static, T> {
+        let value = self.value.into_owned();
+        Hashed {
+            value: Cow::Owned(value),
+            hash: self.hash,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_inner_owned(self) -> T::Owned {
+        self.value.into_owned()
+    }
+}
+
+fn calc_hash<T>(value: T) -> u64
+where
+    T: Hash,
+{
+    let mut hasher = FxHasher::default();
+    value.hash(&mut hasher);
+    hasher.finish()
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for Hashed<'_, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + ?Sized,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: self.value.clone(),
+            hash: self.hash,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self) {
+        self.value.clone_from(&source.value);
+        self.hash = source.hash;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Hash for Hashed<'_, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + Hash + ?Sized,
+{
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        state.write_u64(self.hash);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> PartialEq for Hashed<'_, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + PartialEq + ?Sized,
+{
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.value.as_ref() == other.value.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Eq for Hashed<'_, T> where T: ToOwned + Eq + ?Sized {}
+
+impl<T> Deref for Hashed<'_, T>
+where
+    T: ToOwned + ?Sized,
+{
+    type Target = T;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.value.deref()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used to make [`Hashed`] values no-op in [`HashMap`](std::collections::HashMap) or [`HashSet`](std::collections::HashSet).
+/// For all other keys types (except for [`u64`]) it will panic.
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct HashedNoOpBuilder {
+    hashed: u64,
+}
+
+impl Hasher for HashedNoOpBuilder {
+    fn finish(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.hashed
+    }
+
+    fn write(&mut self, _bytes: &[u8]) {
+        panic!("Only works with `Hashed` value")
+    }
+
+    fn write_u64(&mut self, i: u64) {
+        self.hashed = i;
+    }
+}
+
+impl BuildHasher for HashedNoOpBuilder {
+    type Hasher = HashedNoOpBuilder;
+
+    fn build_hasher(&self) -> Self::Hasher {
+        HashedNoOpBuilder::default()
+    }
+}

opentelemetry-sdk/src/metrics/internal/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod aggregate;
 mod exponential_histogram;
+mod hashed;
 mod histogram;
 mod last_value;
 mod precomputed_sum;
@@ -15,13 +16,12 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use aggregate::is_under_cardinality_limit;
 pub(crate) use aggregate::{AggregateBuilder, ComputeAggregation, Measure};
 pub(crate) use exponential_histogram::{EXPO_MAX_SCALE, EXPO_MIN_SCALE};
+use hashed::{Hashed, HashedNoOpBuilder};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use opentelemetry::{otel_warn, KeyValue};
 
-use crate::metrics::AttributeSet;
-
-pub(crate) static STREAM_OVERFLOW_ATTRIBUTES: Lazy<Vec<KeyValue>> =
-    Lazy::new(|| vec![KeyValue::new("otel.metric.overflow", "true")]);
+pub(crate) static STREAM_OVERFLOW_ATTRIBUTES: Lazy<Hashed<'static, [KeyValue]>> =
+    Lazy::new(|| Hashed::from_owned(vec![KeyValue::new("otel.metric.overflow", "true")]));
 
 pub(crate) trait Aggregator {
     /// A static configuration that is needed in order to initialize aggregator.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ where
     A: Aggregator,
 {
     /// Trackers store the values associated with different attribute sets.
-    trackers: RwLock<HashMap<Vec<KeyValue>, Arc<A>>>,
+    trackers: RwLock<HashMap<Hashed<'static, [KeyValue]>, Arc<A>, HashedNoOpBuilder>>,
     /// Number of different attribute set stored in the `trackers` map.
     count: AtomicUsize,
     /// Indicates whether a value with no attributes has been stored.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ where
 {
     fn new(config: A::InitConfig) -> Self {
         ValueMap {
-            trackers: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
+            trackers: RwLock::new(HashMap::default()),
             has_no_attribute_value: AtomicBool::new(false),
             no_attribute_tracker: A::create(&config),
             count: AtomicUsize::new(0),
@@ -84,19 +84,25 @@ where
             return;
         }
 
+        let attributes = Hashed::from_borrowed(attributes);
+
         let Ok(trackers) = self.trackers.read() else {
             return;
         };
 
         // Try to retrieve and update the tracker with the attributes in the provided order first
-        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(attributes) {
+        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(&attributes) {
             tracker.update(value);
             return;
         }
 
         // Try to retrieve and update the tracker with the attributes sorted.
-        let sorted_attrs = AttributeSet::from(attributes).into_vec();
-        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(sorted_attrs.as_slice()) {
+        let sorted_attrs = attributes.clone().mutate(|list| {
+            // use stable sort
+            list.sort_by(|a, b| a.key.cmp(&b.key));
+            dedup_remove_first(list, |a, b| a.key == b.key);
+        });
+        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(&sorted_attrs) {
             tracker.update(value);
             return;
         }
@@ -110,20 +116,20 @@ where
 
         // Recheck both the provided and sorted orders after acquiring the write lock
         // in case another thread has pushed an update in the meantime.
-        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(attributes) {
+        if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(&attributes) {
             tracker.update(value);
-        } else if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(sorted_attrs.as_slice()) {
+        } else if let Some(tracker) = trackers.get(&sorted_attrs) {
             tracker.update(value);
         } else if is_under_cardinality_limit(self.count.load(Ordering::SeqCst)) {
             let new_tracker = Arc::new(A::create(&self.config));
             new_tracker.update(value);
 
             // Insert tracker with the attributes in the provided and sorted orders
-            trackers.insert(attributes.to_vec(), new_tracker.clone());
+            trackers.insert(attributes.into_owned(), new_tracker.clone());
             trackers.insert(sorted_attrs, new_tracker);
 
             self.count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
-        } else if let Some(overflow_value) = trackers.get(STREAM_OVERFLOW_ATTRIBUTES.as_slice()) {
+        } else if let Some(overflow_value) = trackers.get(&STREAM_OVERFLOW_ATTRIBUTES) {
             overflow_value.update(value);
         } else {
             let new_tracker = A::create(&self.config);
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ where
         let mut seen = HashSet::new();
         for (attrs, tracker) in trackers.iter() {
             if seen.insert(Arc::as_ptr(tracker)) {
-                dest.push(map_fn(attrs.clone(), tracker));
+                dest.push(map_fn(attrs.clone().into_inner_owned(), tracker));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -183,8 +189,25 @@ where
         let mut seen = HashSet::new();
         for (attrs, tracker) in trackers.into_iter() {
             if seen.insert(Arc::as_ptr(&tracker)) {
-                dest.push(map_fn(attrs, tracker.clone_and_reset(&self.config)));
+                dest.push(map_fn(
+                    attrs.into_inner_owned(),
+                    tracker.clone_and_reset(&self.config),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn dedup_remove_first<T>(values: &mut Vec<T>, is_eq: impl Fn(&T, &T) -> bool) {
+    // we cannot use vec.dedup_by because it will remove last duplicate not first
+    if values.len() > 1 {
+        let mut i = values.len() - 1;
+        while i != 0 {
+            let is_same = unsafe { is_eq(values.get_unchecked(i - 1), values.get_unchecked(i)) };
+            if is_same {
+                values.remove(i - 1);
             }
+            i -= 1;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -392,8 +415,45 @@ impl AtomicallyUpdate<f64> for f64 {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::usize;
+
     use super::*;
 
+    fn assert_deduped<const N: usize, const M: usize>(
+        input: [(i32, bool); N],
+        expect: [(i32, bool); M],
+    ) {
+        let mut list: Vec<(i32, bool)> = Vec::from(input);
+        dedup_remove_first(&mut list, |a, b| a.0 == b.0);
+        assert_eq!(list, expect);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deduplicate_by_removing_first_element_from_sorted_array() {
+        assert_deduped([], []);
+        assert_deduped([(1, true)], [(1, true)]);
+        assert_deduped([(1, false), (1, false), (1, true)], [(1, true)]);
+        assert_deduped(
+            [(1, true), (2, false), (2, false), (2, true)],
+            [(1, true), (2, true)],
+        );
+        assert_deduped(
+            [(1, true), (1, false), (1, true), (2, true)],
+            [(1, true), (2, true)],
+        );
+        assert_deduped(
+            [
+                (1, false),
+                (1, true),
+                (2, false),
+                (2, true),
+                (3, false),
+                (3, true),
+            ],
+            [(1, true), (2, true), (3, true)],
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn can_store_u64_atomic_value() {
         let atomic = u64::new_atomic_tracker(0);

opentelemetry-sdk/src/metrics/mod.rs

@@ -138,11 +138,6 @@ impl AttributeSet {
     pub(crate) fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&Key, &Value)> {
         self.0.iter().map(|kv| (&kv.key, &kv.value))
     }
-
-    /// Returns the underlying Vec of KeyValue pairs
-    pub(crate) fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<KeyValue> {
-        self.0
-    }
 }
 
 impl Hash for AttributeSet {