feat(trait): support static trait implementation

- Refactored trait system to support static trait methods
- Added defaultVal helper function for Default trait
- Improved type safety for trait implementations
- Bumped version to 0.1.6

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "rustable",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "workspaces": [
     "packages/*"
   ],

packages/coll/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@rustable/coll",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "description": "Rust-inspired collection types for TypeScript: HashMap, HashSet, and Vec with type safety and efficient implementations",
   "keywords": [
     "typescript",

packages/enum/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@rustable/enum",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "description": "Rust-inspired pattern matching and type-safe error handling for TypeScript. Includes Option<T> for null-safety and Result<T, E> for error handling, with comprehensive pattern matching support",
   "keywords": [
     "typescript",

packages/iter/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@rustable/iter",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "description": "Rust-style iterator adapters for TypeScript, providing a rich set of functional operations for iterating over collections",
   "keywords": [
     "iterator",

packages/trait-impls/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@rustable/trait-impls",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "description": "A TypeScript implementation of Rust-like traits system, providing Clone, Eq, and From traits for type-safe operations. Zero dependencies, fully type-safe.",
   "keywords": [
     "typescript",

packages/trait-impls/src/default.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import { trait, useTrait } from '@rustable/trait';
 import { Constructor } from '@rustable/utils';
-import { trait } from '@rustable/trait';
 
 /**
  * Default trait for default value initialization.
@@ -24,9 +24,13 @@ import { trait } from '@rustable/trait';
 @trait
 export class Default {
   static default<T>(): T {
-    if (typeof this !== 'function') {
-      throw new Error('Invalid target type');
-    }
     return new this() as T;
   }
 }
+
+export function defaultVal<T extends object>(
+  target: Constructor<T>,
+  generic?: Constructor<any> | Constructor<any>[],
+): T {
+  return useTrait(target, Default, generic).default<T>();
+}

packages/trait-impls/src/from.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import { hasTrait, implTrait, trait, TraitImplementation, useTrait } from '@rust
  * @template T The type to convert from
  */
 @trait
-export class From<T = any> {
+export class From {
   /**
    * Creates a new instance of this type from the provided value.
    * Must be implemented by types that want to support conversion.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export class From<T = any> {
    * @returns The converted value
    * @throws {Error} If conversion is not implemented
    */
-  from(_value: T): any {
+  static from<T>(_value: T): any {
     throw new Error('Not implemented');
   }
 }
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ export function from<T, U extends object>(source: T, targetType: Constructor<U>)
   if (typeof targetType !== 'function' || !targetType.prototype) {
     throw new Error('Invalid target type');
   }
-  const instance = new targetType();
   let wrapped: any = source;
   if (typeof source === 'string') {
     wrapped = String(source);
@@ -112,36 +111,36 @@ export function from<T, U extends object>(source: T, targetType: Constructor<U>)
     wrapped = Boolean(source);
   }
   const sourceType = wrapped.constructor as Constructor<T>;
-  const impl = useTrait(instance, From, sourceType);
-  return (impl as From<T>).from(source);
+  const impl = useTrait(targetType, From, sourceType);
+  return impl.from(source);
 }
 
 export function implFrom<T extends object, U extends object>(
   sourceType: Constructor<T>,
   targetType: Constructor<U>,
-  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>,
+  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>,
 ): void;
 export function implFrom<T extends object, U extends object>(
   sourceType: Constructor<T>,
   targetType: Constructor<U>,
   generic: Constructor<any>,
-  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>,
+  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>,
 ): void;
 export function implFrom<T extends object, U extends object>(
   sourceType: Constructor<T>,
   targetType: Constructor<U>,
   generic: Constructor<any>[],
-  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>,
+  implementation: TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>,
 ): void;
 export function implFrom<T extends object, U extends object>(
   targetType: Constructor<T>,
   sourceType: Constructor<U>,
-  generic: Constructor<any> | Constructor<any>[] | TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>,
-  implementation?: TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>,
+  generic: Constructor<any> | Constructor<any>[] | TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>,
+  implementation?: TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>,
 ): void {
   // Handle generic parameters
   let genericParams = [sourceType];
-  let actualImplementation: TraitImplementation<T, From<U>> | undefined;
+  let actualImplementation: TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From> | undefined;
   if (implementation) {
     actualImplementation = implementation;
     if (Array.isArray(generic)) {
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ export function implFrom<T extends object, U extends object>(
       throw new Error('Invalid generic parameter');
     }
   } else if (generic && typeof generic === 'object') {
-    actualImplementation = generic as TraitImplementation<T, From<U>>;
+    actualImplementation = generic as TraitImplementation<T, From, typeof From>;
   } else {
     throw new Error('Invalid implementation');
   }

packages/trait-impls/test/default.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { Default } from '../src/default';
-import { derive, useTraitStatic } from '@rustable/trait';
+import { derive } from '@rustable/trait';
+import { Default, defaultVal } from '../src/default';
 
 describe('Default trait', () => {
   test('should create default instance for primitive types', () => {
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ describe('Default trait', () => {
       constructor(public value: number = 0) {}
     }
 
-    const defaultInstance = useTraitStatic(PrimitiveWrapper, Default).default<PrimitiveWrapper>();
+    const defaultInstance = defaultVal(PrimitiveWrapper);
     expect(defaultInstance.value).toBe(0);
   });
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe('Default trait', () => {
       }
     }
 
-    const defaultInstance = useTraitStatic(CustomDefault, Default).default<CustomDefault>();
+    const defaultInstance = defaultVal(CustomDefault);
     expect(defaultInstance.name).toBe('Default Name');
   });
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ describe('Default trait', () => {
       ) {}
     }
 
-    const defaultInstance = useTraitStatic(ComplexType, Default).default<ComplexType>();
+    const defaultInstance = defaultVal(ComplexType);
     expect(defaultInstance.str).toBe('');
     expect(defaultInstance.num).toBe(0);
     expect(defaultInstance.bool).toBe(false);

packages/trait/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@rustable/trait",
-  "version": "0.1.5",
+  "version": "0.1.6",
   "description": "Powerful TypeScript implementation of Rust-like traits. Features type-safe interface definitions, generic traits, multiple implementations, default methods, and runtime trait checking. Perfect for building flexible and maintainable TypeScript applications with Rust-inspired patterns.",
   "keywords": [
     "typescript",