Added language syntax to documentation, loops, variables, if-else is …

…completed

docs/language.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 * `{`,`}` - Braces
 * `(`,`)` - Parenthesis
 * `/`,`*`,`+`,`-` - Arithmetic operators
-* `>`,`<`,`=`,`!=`,`>=`,`<=` - Comparison operators
+* `>`,`<`,`==`,`!=`,`>=`,`<=` - Comparison operators
 * `~`,`&`,`|` - Bitwise operators: not, and, or
 * `not`,`and`,`or` - Logical operators: not, and, or
 * `:=` - Assignment operator
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Wrong:   int yy := 5 > 6;
 
 * Datatype of variable needs to be specified during compile time.
 * Variables can be assigned values after declarations.
-* If variable is not assigned a value after declaration, it is set to `0` for `integer` and to `false` for `boolean` by default.    
+* If variable is not assigned a value after declaration, it is set to `0` for `integer` and to `false` for `boolean` by default.  
 * Variables can be assigned other variables of same datatype.
 * Variables can be assigned expressions whose output is of same datatype.
 
@@ -109,4 +109,198 @@ test_var := true;
 
     `length1, length2, _City_1`
 
-Detailed info: [https://www.includehelp.com/c/identifier-variable-naming-conventions.aspx](https://www.includehelp.com/c/identifier-variable-naming-conventions.aspx)
+Detailed info: [https://www.includehelp.com/c/identifier-variable-naming-conventions.aspx](https://www.includehelp.com/c/identifier-variable-naming-conventions.aspx)
+
+## Expressions
+
+### Arithmetic expressions
+
+```cpp
+=> ((3+3)/2)
+=> 3
+```
+
+### Boolean expressions
+
+```cpp
+=> (false & true) | ~false
+=> true
+
+=> (true and true) & (not false)
+=> true
+
+=> (3 > 4) and false
+=> false
+
+=> (4 != 3) & (false and true)
+=> false
+
+=> true
+=> true
+
+=> false
+=> false
+```
+
+!!! note
+    Expressions are evaluated following the [operator precedence](#operators)
+
+## If-else statement
+
+Statements in the if-block are executed only if the if-expression evaluates to `true`. If the value of expression is `true`, statement1 and any other statements in the block are executed and the else-block, if present, is skipped. If the value of expression is `false`, then the if-block is skipped and the else-block, if present, is executed. If elif-block are present, they are evaluated, if they become `true`, the statement is executed, otherwise, it goes on to eval next set of statements
+
+### Syntax
+
+```python
+if : boolean_expression {
+    statement 1
+    ...
+    ...
+}
+elif : boolean_expression {
+    statement 2
+    ...
+    ...
+    ...
+}
+else {
+    statement 3
+    ...
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```python
+int a := 3;
+
+if : a != 4 {
+    a := 4;
+}
+elif : a > 4 {
+    a := 10;
+}
+else {
+    a := 0;
+}
+```
+
+* This will evaluate as follows, since `a = 3`, if-block (`3!=4`) will evaluate to true, and value of a will be set to 4, and program execution will stop.
+
+## For-loop statement
+
+For loop is a range based for loop. Range variable is a local variable with scope only inside the for loop.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```python
+for : var in range_1:range_2 {
+    statement 1
+    ....
+    ....
+}
+```
+
+* Here, for loop is a range based loop, value of integer variable `var` will vary from `range_1` to `range_2 - 1`. Value of `var` doesnot equal `range_2`. As of now range can't be reversed,i.e., `range_1 < range_2`
+
+!!! Note
+    **var** is a **integer**, and **range_1, range_2** can be **arithmetic expression, integer variable or integer constant**.
+
+### Examples
+
+```python
+int sum := 0;
+
+for : i in 1:4 {
+    sum = sum + i;
+}
+```
+
+```python
+int mx := 32;
+int nt;
+
+for : j in 2:mx-10 {
+    nt := nt + j;
+}
+```
+
+## While-loop statement
+
+While loop statement repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```python
+while : boolean_expression {
+    statement 1
+    ...
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+* Infinite loop
+
+```python
+while true {
+    do_something..
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+* Normal loop, will repeat 30 times, before exiting
+
+```python
+int tag := 0;
+
+while : tag < 30 {
+    tag := tag + 1;
+}
+```
+
+## Control statements
+
+!!! warning
+    `break` and `continue` should only be used inside looping statements
+
+### break
+
+`break;` is used to break execution in a loop statement, either `for loop` or `while loop`. It exits the loop upon calling.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+`break;`
+
+#### Examples
+
+```python
+for : i in 0:9 {
+    if : i == 3 {
+        break;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### continue
+
+`continue` is used to continue execution in a loop statement, either `for loop` or `while loop`.
+
+#### Syntax
+
+`continue;`
+
+#### Examples
+
+```python
+for : j in 9:19 {
+    if : i == 12 {
+        continue;
+    }
+    else {
+        break;
+    }
+}
+```

examples/led_blink.sim

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-while : 1 = 1 {
+while : 1 == 1 {
     digital_write(4, true);
     delay(1000);
     digital_write(4, false);

examples/led_blink_counter.sim

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-while : 1=1 {
+while : 1==1 {
     start_counter();
     while : read_counter() < 200000000 {
         digital_write(4, true);

examples/test.sim

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ for : o in 2:4 {
         }
     }
     while : 3>4 {
-        if : 4=3 {
+        if : 4==3 {
             ;
         }
     }