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Python_02_Control_Flow.md

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🐍 Control Flow ⚙️

Table of Contents

  1. List Functions
  2. Functions
  3. Return Statement
  4. If Statements
  5. If Statements & Comparisons
  6. While Loops
  7. For Loops
  8. Exponent Function
  9. 2D Lists & Nested Loops

List Functions

  • Introduction: Lists are crucial for storing and organizing data in Python.
  • Extend Function: Combines two lists (friends.extend(lucky_numbers)).
  • Append Function: Adds an individual element to the end of a list (friends.append('Creed')).
  • Insert Function: Inserts an element at a specified index (friends.insert(1, 'Kelly')).
  • Remove Function: Removes a specific element from the list (friends.remove('Jim')).
  • Clear Function: Empties the list (friends.clear()).
  • Pop Function: Removes the last element from the list (friends.pop()).
  • Index Function: Finds the index of an element (friends.index('Kevin')).
  • Count Function: Counts the number of occurrences of an element (friends.count('Jim')).
  • Sort Function: Sorts the list in ascending order (friends.sort()).
  • Reverse Function: Reverses the order of the list (lucky_numbers.reverse()).
  • Copy Function: Creates a copy of the list (friends2 = friends.copy()).

Functions

  • Definition: A function is a collection of code that performs a specific task.
  • Creating a Function: Use the def keyword followed by the function name and parentheses.
  • Calling a Function: Execute the function by typing its name followed by parentheses (say_hi()).
  • Parameters: Functions can take parameters to receive information (def say_hi(name, age)).
  • Multiple Parameters: Functions can have multiple parameters for more complex tasks.

Return Statement

  • Purpose: Used to return information from a function.
  • Usage: Place return followed by the value or expression to return.
  • Example: A function to cube a number (def cube(num): return num * num * num).
  • Storing Return Value: Store the returned value in a variable (result = cube(4)).

If Statements

  • Purpose: Allow programs to make decisions based on conditions.
  • Basic Structure: Execute code when certain conditions are true.
  • Example: 
    if is_hungry:
    eat_breakfast()

While Loops

  • Functionality: Execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

  • Loop Condition: The loop continues as long as the condition remains true.

  • Incrementing: Often involves incrementing a variable each iteration.

  • Example:

    i = 1
  while i <= 10:
      print(i)
      i += 1
  print("Done with loop")

For Loops

  • Purpose: Loop over collections of items, like arrays or strings.

  • Syntax:

    for item in collection:
  # actions to perform

  • Examples:

    • Looping through a string to print each letter.
    • Looping through an array to print each element.
    • Using range() to loop through a series of numbers.

Exponent Function

  • Functionality: Create a function to raise a number to a specific power.
  • Creating the Function:
def raise_to_power(base_num, power_num):
    result = 1
    for index in range(power_num):
        result = result * base_num
    return result
  • Usage: Call the function with a base number and a power number.

2D Lists & Nested Loops

  • 2D Lists: Lists where each element is also a list, creating a grid-like structure.

  • Accessing Elements: Use row and column indices to access specific elements.

  • Nested For Loops: Use a for loop inside another for loop to iterate over 2D lists.

  • Example:

number_grid = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [0]]
for row in number_grid:
    for col in row:
        print(col)