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---
---
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>PUMA | Prospecting the Urban Mines of Amsterdam </title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.baseurl}}/style.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.baseurl}}/leaflet/leaflet.css" />
<script src="{{ site.baseurl}}/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
<script src="{{ site.baseurl}}/leaflet/leaflet.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="info-content">
<div id="logo-info">
<a href="index.html">
<img class="logo-info-img" src="images/logo_puma_reverse.png">
</a>
</div>
<h3>Prospecting the Urban Mines of Amsterdam (PUMA)</h3>
<p>
The buildings of Amsterdam contain tons of steel, copper, aluminum and lead. Amsterdam can be seen
as an urban mine. In a circular economy, under certain conditions, Amsterdam's buildings could be
mined for their metals. This visualisation is a rough draft of a geological prospecting map in such a
scenario.
</p>
<br>
<p>
Obviously, the metals are still in use, so they're not free to process just yet. It will take time before they
can be extracted. But, in the mining industry, this is business as usual – getting any mine running takes
decades. Traditionally, mines are underground. The earth contains iron, copper and aluminum. But ore
concentrations are going down, and it takes more and more energy to get the metals out. Worldwide, 7-
8% of all energy consumption is used to produce metals. It takes far less energy to take the metals from
urban mines. Still, we have to ask: can it be done? And is it worthwhile?
</p>
<br>
<p>
The first step in any mining process is prospecting, that is, physically searching for minerals and
precious metals. To start, we need to make a geological map of the urban environment. Where are the
metals? How much is there? What is the quality? When will these metals become available?
</p>
<br>
<h4>Sustainable Amsterdam</h4>
<p>
“Effective use of raw materials is one of the focal points in the first sustainability programme in the
city of Amsterdam”, is a quote from “Amsterdam Definitely Sustainable” (Amsterdam Beslist
Duurzaam, 2011-2014). According to this plan, the effective use of raw materials involves thinking in
cycles. In the document, “De Circulaire Metropool Amsterdam” (2014), the intention is to convert
Amsterdam to a circular economy for materials. <a class="info-button" href="https://www.amsterdam.nl/bestuur-organisatie/volg-beleid/agenda-duurzaamheid/circulaire-economie/" target="_blank">“Amsterdam Circulair”</a> (2015) lays out a first roadmap
specifically for the urban environment and biomass.
</p>
<br>
<h4>PUMA project</h4>
<p>
The PUMA project attempted to estimate of the rough amount of copper and iron contained in the
residential buildings of Amsterdam (based on proxies like height of the building).
</p>
<br>
<h4>Data, concentration estimates and testing assumptions</h4>
<p>
The map and calculations are based on open data and a calculation based on a method by Koutamanis
et al. Their steps can be found in the article "[The PUMA – from building to urban mine]"(https://assets.waag.org/files/PUMA_from_building_to_urban_mine.pdf) (PDF, draft 2016).
</p>
<br>
<p>
Used data sets are <a class="info-button" href="http://www.kadaster.nl/bag" target="_blank">BAG</a> and <a class="info-button" href="http://www.ahn.nl/pagina/open-data.html" target="_blank">AHN</a>
</p>
<br>
<p>[Metabolic](http://www.metabolic.nl/) has tested the PUMA framework’s assumptions through site-visits and physical inspection of buildings. Based on their findings Metabolic provides recommendations for refining the current framework and proposed methods of estimating metal concentration. The report is available here: "[Prospecting the Urban Mines of Amsterdam. Refining the PUMA method based on findings from practice](/data/Prospecting_the_urban_mines_of_Amsterdam_v02_CB-lg.pdf)" (PDF).
<br>
<h4>Further reading and information</h4>
<p><a class="info-button" href="http://www.ams-institute.org/solution/puma/" target="_blank">www.ams-institute.org/solution/puma/</a></p>
<br>
<h4>Credits</h4>
<p>
Funded by <a class="info-button" href="http://www.ams-institute.org/home/" target="_blank">AMS Institute</a> the PUMA project is a joint research
effort of <a class="info-button" href="http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/" target="_blank">TU Delft</a>, <a class="info-button" href="https://www.waag.org/en" target="_blank">Waag Society</a>, <a class="info-button" href="https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/science/environmental-sciences" target="_blank">CML
Leiden University</a> and <a class="info-button" href="http://www.metabolic.nl/" target="_blank">Metabolic.</a>
</p>
<br>
<p>
Source code and TileMill project can be found on <a class="info-button" href="https://github.com/waagsociety/PUMA" target="_blank">GitHub</a>
More info via <a class="info-button" href="http://code.waag.org/" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>.
</p>
<br>
<h4>License</h4>
<p>
(c) 2016 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
International License.
</p>
<br>
<p><a class="info-button" href="index.html">Back to map</a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>