diff --git a/.dev/roxygen_test.R b/.dev/roxygen_test.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c595dbafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dev/roxygen_test.R
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Test to ensure roxygenize() has been run on the current PR
+library(tools)
+library(roxygen2)
+
+old_dir <- file.path(tempdir(), "man")
+if (dir.exists(old_dir)) unlink(old_dir, recursive = TRUE)
+file.copy("man", tempdir(), recursive = TRUE)
+old_files <- list.files(old_dir, pattern = "\\.Rd$")
+new_dir <- "man"
+.Last <- function() unlink(old_dir, recursive = TRUE)
+
+# Rd2txt() prints to its out= argument, so we'd have to compare file contents;
+#   plain parse_Rd() keeps srcref info that encodes the file path, which as.character() strips.
+normalize_rd <- function(rd_file) as.character(parse_Rd(rd_file))
+
+rd_equal <- function(f1, f2) isTRUE(all.equal(normalize_rd(f1), normalize_rd(f2)))
+
+check_roxygenize_idempotent <- function(LOCALE) {
+  Sys.setlocale("LC_COLLATE", LOCALE)
+  roxygenize()
+  
+  new_files <- list.files(new_dir, pattern = "\\.Rd$")
+  
+  old_not_new <- setdiff(old_files, new_files)
+  if (length(old_not_new) > 0L) {
+    stop("Found saved .Rd files gone from a fresh run of roxygenize(): ", toString(old_not_new))
+  }
+  
+  new_not_old <- setdiff(new_files, old_files)
+  if (length(new_not_old) > 0L) {
+    stop("Found new .Rd files from a fresh run of roxygenize(): ", toString(new_not_old))
+  }
+    
+  for (file in new_files) {
+    old_file <- file.path(old_dir, file)
+    new_file <- file.path(new_dir, file)
+    if (rd_equal(old_file, new_file)) {
+      next
+    }
+    cat(sprintf("roxygenize() output differs from saved output for %s.\n", file))
+    cat("Here's the 'diff' comparison of the two files:\n")
+    cat("  [---]: saved output in man/ directory\n")
+    cat("  [+++]: roxygenize() output of R/ sources\n")
+    system2("diff", c("--unified", old_file, new_file))
+    stop("Failed in LOCALE=", LOCALE, ".", call. = FALSE)
+  }
+}
+
+# Run the check in a few locales to ensure there's no idempotency issues w.r.t. sorting, too
+for (LOCALE in c("C", "en_US", "hu_HU", "ja_JP")) {
+  check_roxygenize_idempotent(LOCALE)
+}
+
+unlink(old_dir, recursive = TRUE)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ensure-metadata-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/repo-meta-tests.yaml
similarity index 70%
rename from .github/workflows/ensure-metadata-tests.yaml
rename to .github/workflows/repo-meta-tests.yaml
index 2412de674..d5a6402eb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ensure-metadata-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/repo-meta-tests.yaml
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-# Ensure lint metadata is tested
+# Various repo-level tests for code quality
 on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
   pull_request:
     branches: [main]
 
-name: ensure-metadata-tests
+name: repo-meta-tests
 
 jobs:
-  ensure-metadata-tests:
+  repo-meta-tests:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
       GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -28,3 +28,8 @@ jobs:
           options(crayon.enabled = TRUE)
           callr::rscript(".dev/lint_metadata_test.R")
         shell: Rscript {0}
+
+      - name: Ensure roxygen content matches man directory
+        run: |
+          callr::rscript(".dev/roxygen_test.R")
+        shell: Rscript {0}