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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>5 常用图形 | 庄闪闪的可视化手册</title>
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="5 常用图形 | 庄闪闪的可视化手册" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="这是用R的bookdown功能制作中文图书的模板，输出格式为bookdown::gitbook和bookdown::pdf_book." />
<meta name="author" content="庄闪闪" />
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<ul class="summary">
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>简介</a></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>I R 语言基础</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="base-tutorial.html"><a href="base-tutorial.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Base 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="tidyverse-tutorial.html"><a href="tidyverse-tutorial.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Tidyverse 系列</a></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>II R 语言可视化</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> 使用基础包绘图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制基本图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> 绘制基本图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制分布关系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> 绘制分布关系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制数据间关系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> 绘制数据间关系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制其他图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.3</b> 绘制其他图形</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改图形参数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> 修改图形参数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改颜色"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> 修改颜色</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改点符号与线条"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> 修改点符号与线条</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制组合图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> 绘制组合图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#par"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> par()</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#layout"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> layout</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#保存图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> 保存图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#使用代码"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> 使用代码</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#在-rstudio-窗口点击按钮保存"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.2</b> 在 Rstudio 窗口点击按钮保存</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> 使用 ggplot2 包绘图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#简介-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> 简介</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#qplot"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> qplot</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#ggplot2包图形语法"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> ggplot2包图形语法</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#对比不同画图语法"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> 对比不同画图语法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#思想介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.2</b> 思想介绍</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#全局变量-vs.-局部变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.3</b> 全局变量 vs. 局部变量</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#几何对象"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> 几何对象</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#参考书籍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.1</b> 参考书籍</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#统计变换"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> 统计变换</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#刻度scale"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6</b> 刻度scale</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#丰富的刻度体系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6.1</b> 丰富的刻度体系</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#坐标系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7</b> 坐标系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.8" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#分面"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.8</b> 分面</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标题标注指南拼接"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9</b> 标题、标注、指南、拼接</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.1</b> 标题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标注功能"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.2</b> 标注功能</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#指南"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.3</b> 指南</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#主题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.4</b> 主题</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.10" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#保存图片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.10</b> 保存图片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#例子"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11</b> 例子</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#柱状图误差项"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.1</b> 柱状图+误差项</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#有正值和负值的柱形图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.2</b> 有正值和负值的柱形图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#合并两图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.3</b> 合并两图</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> 常用图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#散点图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> 散点图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#气泡图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> 气泡图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#线性图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> 线性图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#相关系数图热力图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4</b> 相关系数图/热力图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.5" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#条形图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.5</b> 条形图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.6" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#箱线图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.6</b> 箱线图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#小提琴图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7</b> 小提琴图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#饼图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8</b> 饼图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#冲积图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9</b> 冲积图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.10" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#系谱图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.10</b> 系谱图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.11" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#哑铃图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.11</b> 哑铃图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.12" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#斜率图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.12</b> 斜率图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.13" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#堆叠面积图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.13</b> 堆叠面积图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.14" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#棒棒糖图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.14</b> 棒棒糖图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.15" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#树状图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.15</b> 树状图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.16" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#瀑布图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.16</b> 瀑布图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.17" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#双标图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.17</b> 双标图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.18" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#雷达图星图蜘蛛图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.18</b> 雷达图/星图/蜘蛛图</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> 其他相关拓展包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html#ggplot2-官网-109-种拓展包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> ggplot2 官网 109 种拓展包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html#整理的相关扩展包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> 整理的相关扩展包</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> 认识交互式绘图工具</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#leaflet包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> leaflet包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#dygraphs包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> dygraphs包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#plotly包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3</b> plotly包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#dt包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> DT包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#networkd3包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5</b> networkD3包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#利用shiny包实现可交互的web应用"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6</b> 利用Shiny包实现可交互的Web应用</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> 常用案例</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制不同分布的-qq-图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1</b> 绘制不同分布的 QQ 图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#简单版本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1.1</b> 简单版本</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#进阶版本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1.2</b> 进阶版本</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制混合密度函数图以及添加分位数线"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2</b> 绘制混合密度函数图以及添加分位数线</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#加载包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.1</b> 加载包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#产生数据集"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.2</b> 产生数据集</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制密度函数图并添加分位数线"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.3</b> 绘制密度函数图并添加分位数线</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.4" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#合并两图使用cowplot包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.4</b> 合并两图（使用cowplot包）</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制不同参数的密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3</b> 绘制不同参数的密度函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#beta-密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.1</b> Beta 密度函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#散点图中加入第三变量的密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4</b> 散点图中加入第三变量的密度函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制-gamma-分布相关图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5</b> 绘制 Gamma 分布相关图形</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#纯手动复现密度图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6</b> 纯手动复现密度图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制贝叶斯分析相关图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7</b> 绘制贝叶斯分析相关图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#模型建模"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.1</b> 模型建模</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#后验预测检查"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.2</b> 后验预测检查</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#诊断"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.3</b> 诊断</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>III R 语言文档沟通</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> R Markdown 入门教程</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-简介"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> Rmarkdown 简介</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#官网视频介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.1</b> 官网视频介绍</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-流程演示"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> Rmarkdown 流程演示</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#安装"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rstudio界面介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.2</b> Rstudio界面介绍</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#代码输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.3</b> 代码输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#图片输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.4</b> 图片输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.5" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#表格输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.5</b> 表格输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.6" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#表格渲染"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.6</b> 表格渲染</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-的主题格式"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> Rmarkdown 的主题格式</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmdformats-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.1</b> rmdformats 包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#tufte-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.2</b> tufte 包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#cerulean-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.3</b> cerulean 包</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#总结一些常用技巧"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4</b> 总结一些常用技巧</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#修改某些字体颜色"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.1</b> 修改某些字体颜色</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#更改全文页边距等"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.2</b> 更改全文页边距等</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#缩进文本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.3</b> 缩进文本</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#分页"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.4</b> 分页</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.5" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#控制文本输出的宽度"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.5</b> 控制文本输出的宽度</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.6" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#控制图片输出大小"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.6</b> 控制图片输出大小</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.7" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#图片对齐"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.7</b> 图片对齐</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.8" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#多列输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.8</b> 多列输出</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> 其他方式的文档沟通</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#typora"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> Typora</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#xaringan-幻灯片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2</b> xaringan 幻灯片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#制作幻灯片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3</b> 制作幻灯片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.4" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#rbeamer"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.4</b> Rbeamer</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#dashboards"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5</b> Dashboards</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#shiny"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6</b> shiny</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.7" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#blogdown"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.7</b> blogdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#制作简历"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8</b> 制作简历</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.9" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#bookdown"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.9</b> bookdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.10" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#小编有话说"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.10</b> 小编有话说</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> 附录</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装r和rstudio"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装R和Rstudio</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装-r"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装 R</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装rstudio"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装RStudio</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#可能的问题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>可能的问题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#如何获取帮助"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>如何获取帮助</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#r-语言社区"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>R 语言社区</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="reference.html"><a href="reference.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> 参考书籍</a></li>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i><a href="./">庄闪闪的可视化手册</a>
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<h1><span class="header-section-number">5</span> 常用图形<a href="main-diagram-types.html#main-diagram-types" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h1>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb100"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb100-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb100-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggExtra)</span>
<span id="cb100-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ragg)</span>
<span id="cb100-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggalluvial)</span>
<span id="cb100-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(treemapify)</span>
<span id="cb100-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggalt)</span>
<span id="cb100-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb100-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(palmerpenguins)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb101"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb101-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb101-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(penguins)</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 6 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_… body_mass_g sex
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int> <fct>
## 1 Adelie Torge… 39.1 18.7 181 3750 male
## 2 Adelie Torge… 39.5 17.4 186 3800 fema…
## 3 Adelie Torge… 40.3 18 195 3250 fema…
## 4 Adelie Torge… NA NA NA NA <NA>
## 5 Adelie Torge… 36.7 19.3 193 3450 fema…
## 6 Adelie Torge… 39.3 20.6 190 3650 male
## # … with 1 more variable: year <int></code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb103"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb103-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb103-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#head(penguins_raw)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li>set <a href="https://jfly.uni-koeln.de/color/">colorblind-friendly palettes</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb104"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb104-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># The palette with grey:</span></span>
<span id="cb104-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cbp1 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"#999999"</span>, <span class="st">"#E69F00"</span>, <span class="st">"#56B4E9"</span>, <span class="st">"#009E73"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb104-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"#F0E442"</span>, <span class="st">"#0072B2"</span>, <span class="st">"#D55E00"</span>, <span class="st">"#CC79A7"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb104-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb104-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># The palette with black:</span></span>
<span id="cb104-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cbp2 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"#000000"</span>, <span class="st">"#E69F00"</span>, <span class="st">"#56B4E9"</span>, <span class="st">"#009E73"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb104-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"#F0E442"</span>, <span class="st">"#0072B2"</span>, <span class="st">"#D55E00"</span>, <span class="st">"#CC79A7"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb104-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb104-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(plotrix)</span>
<span id="cb104-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>sliceValues <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">rep</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="dv">8</span>) <span class="co"># each slice value=10 for proportionate slices</span></span>
<span id="cb104-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>(</span>
<span id="cb104-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> p <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">pie3D</span>(sliceValues, </span>
<span id="cb104-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">explode=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, </span>
<span id="cb104-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">theta =</span> <span class="fl">1.2</span>, </span>
<span id="cb104-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">col =</span> cbp1, </span>
<span id="cb104-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">labels =</span> cbp1, </span>
<span id="cb104-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">labelcex =</span> <span class="fl">0.9</span>,</span>
<span id="cb104-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">shade =</span> <span class="fl">0.6</span>,</span>
<span id="cb104-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">main =</span> <span class="st">"Colorblind</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">friendly palette"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb104-20"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb104-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<pre><code>## [1] 0.3926991 1.1780972 1.9634954 2.7488936 3.5342917 4.3196899 5.1050881
## [8] 5.8904862</code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb106"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb106-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb106-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>ggplot <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(...) ggplot2<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(...) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb106-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb106-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_color_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> cbp1) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb106-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb106-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> cbp1) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co"># note: needs to be overridden when using continuous color scales</span></span>
<span id="cb106-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb106-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_bw</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb107"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb107-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb107-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 344 × 8
## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <int>
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18 195 3250
## 4 Adelie Torgersen NA NA NA NA
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181 3625
## 8 Adelie Torgersen 39.2 19.6 195 4675
## 9 Adelie Torgersen 34.1 18.1 193 3475
## 10 Adelie Torgersen 42 20.2 190 4250
## # … with 334 more rows, and 2 more variables: sex <fct>, year <int></code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb109"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb109-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb109-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_long <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb109-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb109-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">gather</span>(<span class="st">"key"</span>, <span class="st">"value"</span>, bill_length_mm<span class="sc">:</span>body_mass_g)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb110"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb110-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb110-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb110-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb110-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb110-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb110-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">count</span>(sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb110-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb110-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(<span class="fu">desc</span>(n))</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 8 × 3
## # Groups: species [3]
## species sex n
## <fct> <fct> <int>
## 1 Adelie female 73
## 2 Adelie male 73
## 3 Gentoo male 61
## 4 Gentoo female 58
## 5 Chinstrap female 34
## 6 Chinstrap male 34
## 7 Adelie <NA> 6
## 8 Gentoo <NA> 5</code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb112"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb112-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb112-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">gather</span>(<span class="st">"key"</span>, <span class="st">"value"</span>, bill_length_mm<span class="sc">:</span>body_mass_g) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb112-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex, island, key) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb112-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb112-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">sum =</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(value),</span>
<span id="cb112-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">mean =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(value),</span>
<span id="cb112-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">median =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(value),</span>
<span id="cb112-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">sd =</span> <span class="fu">sd</span>(value),</span>
<span id="cb112-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb112-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">se =</span> <span class="fu">sd</span>(value) <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>()))</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 52 × 10
## # Groups: species, sex, island [13]
## species sex island key n sum mean median sd se
## <fct> <fct> <fct> <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Adelie female Biscoe bill_dept… 22 389. 17.7 17.7 1.09 0.233
## 2 Adelie female Biscoe bill_leng… 22 822. 37.4 37.8 1.76 0.376
## 3 Adelie female Biscoe body_mass… 22 74125 3369. 3375 343. 73.2
## 4 Adelie female Biscoe flipper_l… 22 4118 187. 187 6.74 1.44
## 5 Adelie female Dream bill_dept… 27 476. 17.6 17.8 0.897 0.173
## 6 Adelie female Dream bill_leng… 27 997. 36.9 36.8 2.09 0.402
## 7 Adelie female Dream body_mass… 27 90300 3344. 3400 212. 40.8
## 8 Adelie female Dream flipper_l… 27 5072 188. 188 5.51 1.06
## 9 Adelie female Torgersen bill_dept… 24 421. 17.6 17.4 0.880 0.180
## 10 Adelie female Torgersen bill_leng… 24 901. 37.6 37.6 2.21 0.451
## # … with 42 more rows</code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb114"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb114-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb114-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex, island, year) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb114-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise_each</span>(<span class="fu">funs</span>(sum, </span>
<span id="cb114-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> mean, </span>
<span id="cb114-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> median, </span>
<span id="cb114-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> sd, </span>
<span id="cb114-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">se =</span> <span class="fu">sd</span>(.) <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>(<span class="fu">n</span>())</span>
<span id="cb114-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb114-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb114-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## # A tibble: 35 × 24
## # Groups: species, sex, island [13]
## species sex island year bill_length_mm_… bill_depth_mm_s… flipper_length_…
## <fct> <fct> <fct> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
## 1 Adelie fema… Biscoe 2007 187. 92.9 909
## 2 Adelie fema… Biscoe 2008 330. 155 1679
## 3 Adelie fema… Biscoe 2009 305. 142. 1530
## 4 Adelie fema… Dream 2007 341. 161. 1665
## 5 Adelie fema… Dream 2008 290. 142. 1512
## 6 Adelie fema… Dream 2009 366. 173. 1895
## 7 Adelie fema… Torge… 2007 306. 145. 1501
## 8 Adelie fema… Torge… 2008 293. 139. 1520
## 9 Adelie fema… Torge… 2009 302. 137. 1498
## 10 Adelie male Biscoe 2007 196. 91.5 908
## # … with 25 more rows, and 17 more variables: body_mass_g_sum <int>,
## # bill_length_mm_mean <dbl>, bill_depth_mm_mean <dbl>,
## # flipper_length_mm_mean <dbl>, body_mass_g_mean <dbl>,
## # bill_length_mm_median <dbl>, bill_depth_mm_median <dbl>,
## # flipper_length_mm_median <dbl>, body_mass_g_median <dbl>,
## # bill_length_mm_sd <dbl>, bill_depth_mm_sd <dbl>,
## # flipper_length_mm_sd <dbl>, body_mass_g_sd <dbl>, …</code></pre>
<div id="散点图-1" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> 散点图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#散点图-1" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb116"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb116-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb116-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb116-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm, <span class="at">color =</span> species)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb116-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_jitter</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb116-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co">#facet_wrap(vars(species), ncol = 3) +</span></span>
<span id="cb116-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co">#scale_x_reverse() +</span></span>
<span id="cb116-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co">#scale_y_reverse() +</span></span>
<span id="cb116-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb116-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb116-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="st">"body mass (g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb116-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Scatterplot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb116-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb116-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb116-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb117"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb117-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb117-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb117-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm,</span>
<span id="cb117-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> species, <span class="at">shape =</span> species)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb117-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.7</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb117-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb117-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb117-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Scatterplot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb117-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb117-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb117-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<ul>
<li>with labels/text</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb118"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb118-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb118-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>max_lables <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb118-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb118-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb118-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb118-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, island) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb118-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb118-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">bill_length_mm =</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(bill_length_mm),</span>
<span id="cb118-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb118-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">flipper_length_mm =</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(flipper_length_mm))</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb119"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb119-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb119-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb119-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm,</span>
<span id="cb119-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> species, <span class="at">shape =</span> species)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb119-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.7</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb119-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> max_lables, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label =</span> island)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb119-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb119-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb119-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Scatterplot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb119-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb119-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb119-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<ul>
<li>Jitter with smoothing line</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb120"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb120-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb120-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb120-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm,</span>
<span id="cb120-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> species, <span class="at">shape =</span> species)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb120-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_jitter</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb120-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"loess"</span>, <span class="at">se =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb120-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="fu">vars</span>(species), <span class="at">nrow =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb120-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb120-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb120-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Scatterplot with smoothing line"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb120-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species with loess smoothing line"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb120-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb120-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb121"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb121-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb121-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb121-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb121-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb121-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb121-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"loess"</span>, <span class="at">se =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb121-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb121-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb121-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Scatterplot with smoothing line"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb121-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species with</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">loess smoothing line, histogram & density distribution"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb121-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb121-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb122"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb122-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb122-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#(ggMarginal(p, type = "densigram", fill = "transparent"))</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="气泡图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.2</span> 气泡图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#气泡图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb123"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb123-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb123-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb123-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm,</span>
<span id="cb123-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> species, <span class="at">shape =</span> species, <span class="at">size =</span> body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb123-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb123-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb123-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb123-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Bubble plot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb123-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="st">"body mass (g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb123-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species;</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">size indicates body mass in grams"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb123-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb123-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="线性图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.3">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.3</span> 线性图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#线性图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb124"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb124-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb124-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb124-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(species <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Adelie"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb124-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> bill_length_mm, <span class="at">y =</span> flipper_length_mm,</span>
<span id="cb124-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb124-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_line</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb124-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb124-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Bill length (mm)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb124-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Flipper length (mm)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb124-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Line plot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb124-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguins bill v. flipper length by species and sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb124-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb124-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="相关系数图热力图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.4">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.4</span> 相关系数图/热力图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#相关系数图热力图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb125"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb125-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb125-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>mat <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb125-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb125-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb125-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb125-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(bill_depth_mm, bill_length_mm, body_mass_g, flipper_length_mm)</span>
<span id="cb125-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb125-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb125-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb125-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(mat)</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## tibble [333 × 4] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ bill_depth_mm : num [1:333] 18.7 17.4 18 19.3 20.6 17.8 19.6 17.6 21.2 21.1 ...
## $ bill_length_mm : num [1:333] 39.1 39.5 40.3 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 41.1 38.6 34.6 ...
## $ body_mass_g : int [1:333] 3750 3800 3250 3450 3650 3625 4675 3200 3800 4400 ...
## $ flipper_length_mm: int [1:333] 181 186 195 193 190 181 195 182 191 198 ...</code></pre>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb127"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb127-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cormat <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">round</span>(<span class="fu">cor</span>(mat), <span class="dv">2</span>)</span>
<span id="cb127-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cormat[<span class="fu">upper.tri</span>(cormat)] <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cn">NA</span></span>
<span id="cb127-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb127-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cormat <span class="ot"><-</span> cormat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">as_data_frame</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="fu">colnames</span>(mat)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">gather</span>(<span class="at">key =</span> <span class="st">"y"</span>, <span class="at">value =</span> <span class="st">"value"</span>, bill_depth_mm<span class="sc">:</span>flipper_length_mm)</span>
<span id="cb127-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb127-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>cormat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(x, y) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb127-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> x, <span class="at">y =</span> y, <span class="at">fill =</span> value)) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb127-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_tile</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb127-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_gradient2</span>(<span class="at">low =</span> <span class="st">"blue"</span>, <span class="at">high =</span> <span class="st">"red"</span>, <span class="at">mid =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb127-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">midpoint =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">limit =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>), <span class="at">space =</span> <span class="st">"Lab"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb127-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">"Pearson</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">Correlation"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb127-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">45</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb127-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_fixed</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb127-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, </span>
<span id="cb127-20"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">""</span>,</span>
<span id="cb127-21"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Correlation heatmap"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb127-22"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Correlation btw. penguins' traits"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb127-23"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb127-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="条形图-1" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.5">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.5</span> 条形图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#条形图-1" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>per default: counts</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb128"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb128-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb128-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb128-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species,</span>
<span id="cb128-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb128-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb128-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb128-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Counts"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb128-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Barchart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb128-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Counts of male & female penguins per species in study"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb128-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb128-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb129"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb129-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb129-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb129-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species,</span>
<span id="cb129-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb129-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">position =</span> <span class="st">'dodge'</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb129-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb129-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Counts"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb129-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Barchart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb129-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Counts of male & female penguins per species in study"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb129-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb129-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-19-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<ul>
<li>alternative: set y-values</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb130"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb130-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb130-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb130-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb130-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g),</span>
<span id="cb130-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">sd_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">sd</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb130-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bmg,</span>
<span id="cb130-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb130-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="st">"dodge"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb130-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_errorbar</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">ymin =</span> mean_bmg <span class="sc">-</span> sd_bmg, </span>
<span id="cb130-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">ymax =</span> mean_bmg <span class="sc">+</span> sd_bmg), </span>
<span id="cb130-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="fl">0.2</span>,</span>
<span id="cb130-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">position_dodge</span>(<span class="fl">0.9</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb130-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb130-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Mean body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb130-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Barchart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb130-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Mean body mass of male & female penguins per species</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">with standard deviation"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb130-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb130-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb131"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb131-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(plotly)</span>
<span id="cb131-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb131-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>p <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb131-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb131-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb131-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g),</span>
<span id="cb131-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">sd_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">sd</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb131-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bmg,</span>
<span id="cb131-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb131-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="st">"dodge"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb131-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_errorbar</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">ymin =</span> mean_bmg <span class="sc">-</span> sd_bmg, </span>
<span id="cb131-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">ymax =</span> mean_bmg <span class="sc">+</span> sd_bmg), </span>
<span id="cb131-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="fl">0.2</span>,</span>
<span id="cb131-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">position_dodge</span>(<span class="fl">0.9</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb131-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb131-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Mean body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb131-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Barchart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb131-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Mean body mass of male & female penguins per species</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">with standard deviation"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb131-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb131-20"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb131-21"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb131-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplotly</span>(p)</span></code></pre></div>
<div id="htmlwidget-53e13338eadbdd8639c9" style="width:672px;height:480px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
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</div>
<div id="箱线图-1" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.6">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.6</span> 箱线图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#箱线图-1" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb132"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb132-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>pp <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb132-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb132-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> body_mass_g,</span>
<span id="cb132-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb132-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_boxplot</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb132-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb132-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb132-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Boxplot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb132-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass of three penguin species per sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb132-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb132-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb132-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb132-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplotly</span>(pp)</span></code></pre></div>
<div id="htmlwidget-228cd96647eb2fc1a532" style="width:672px;height:480px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
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<ul>
<li>with points</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb133"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb133-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb133-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb133-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> body_mass_g,</span>
<span id="cb133-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex, <span class="at">color =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb133-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_boxplot</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">notch =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb133-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_jitter</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">position=</span><span class="fu">position_jitter</span>(<span class="fl">0.3</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb133-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb133-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb133-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Boxplot with points (dotplot)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb133-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass of three penguin species per sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb133-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb133-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-23-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="小提琴图-1" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.7">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.7</span> 小提琴图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#小提琴图-1" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb134"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb134-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb134-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb134-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> body_mass_g,</span>
<span id="cb134-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb134-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_violin</span>(<span class="at">scale =</span> <span class="st">"area"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb134-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb134-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb134-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Violinplot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb134-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass of three penguin species per sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb134-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb134-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-24-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<ul>
<li>with dots (sina-plots)</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb135"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb135-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb135-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb135-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> species, <span class="at">y =</span> body_mass_g,</span>
<span id="cb135-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex, <span class="at">color =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb135-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_dotplot</span>(<span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"dotdensity"</span>, <span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.7</span>,</span>
<span id="cb135-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">binaxis =</span> <span class="st">'y'</span>, <span class="at">stackdir =</span> <span class="st">'center'</span>,</span>
<span id="cb135-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">position =</span> <span class="fu">position_dodge</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb135-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb135-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (in g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb135-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Violinplot with points (dotplot)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb135-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass of three penguin species per sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb135-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb135-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="饼图-1" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.8">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.8</span> 饼图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#饼图-1" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb136"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb136-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb136-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb136-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb136-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb136-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">freq =</span> n <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(n),</span>
<span id="cb136-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">percentage =</span> freq <span class="sc">*</span> <span class="dv">100</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb136-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, <span class="at">y =</span> percentage,</span>
<span id="cb136-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb136-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="fu">vars</span>(species), <span class="at">nrow =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb136-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.8</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb136-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_polar</span>(<span class="st">"y"</span>, <span class="at">start =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb136-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, </span>
<span id="cb136-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Percentage"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb136-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Piechart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb136-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Percentage of male v. female penguins per species in study"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb136-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb136-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-26-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="冲积图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.9">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.9</span> 冲积图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#冲积图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb137"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb137-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(UCBAdmissions) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb137-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">y =</span> Freq, <span class="at">axis1 =</span> Gender, <span class="at">axis2 =</span> Dept)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb137-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_alluvium</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">fill =</span> Admit), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">12</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb137-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_stratum</span>(<span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">12</span>, <span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="st">"black"</span>, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"grey"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb137-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_label</span>(<span class="at">stat =</span> <span class="st">"stratum"</span>, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label =</span> <span class="fu">after_stat</span>(stratum))) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb137-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_x_discrete</span>(<span class="at">limits =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Gender"</span>, <span class="st">"Dept"</span>), <span class="at">expand =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(.<span class="dv">05</span>, .<span class="dv">05</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb137-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, </span>
<span id="cb137-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Frequency"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb137-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Alluvial chart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb137-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"UC Berkeley admissions and rejections, by sex and department"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb137-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb137-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: Bickel et al. (1975)</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">Sex bias in graduate admissions: Data from Berkeley. Science, 187, 398–403."</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-27-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="系谱图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.10">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.10</span> 系谱图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#系谱图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb138"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb138-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(UCBAdmissions) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb138-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(Admit, Gender) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb138-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">sum_freq =</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(Freq)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb138-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">area =</span> sum_freq, <span class="at">fill =</span> sum_freq, <span class="at">label =</span> Gender, </span>
<span id="cb138-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subgroup =</span> Admit)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_treemap</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_treemap_subgroup_border</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_treemap_subgroup_text</span>(<span class="at">place =</span> <span class="st">"centre"</span>, <span class="at">grow =</span> T, <span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>, <span class="at">colour =</span></span>
<span id="cb138-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"black"</span>, <span class="at">fontface =</span> <span class="st">"italic"</span>, <span class="at">min.size =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_treemap_text</span>(<span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>, <span class="at">place =</span> <span class="st">"centre"</span>, <span class="at">reflow =</span> T) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_gradient2</span>(<span class="at">low =</span> <span class="st">"#999999"</span>, <span class="at">high =</span> <span class="st">"#E69F00"</span>, <span class="at">mid =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>, <span class="at">midpoint =</span> <span class="dv">1000</span>, <span class="at">space =</span> <span class="st">"Lab"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb138-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">"Sum of</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">frequencies"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb138-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, </span>
<span id="cb138-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">""</span>,</span>
<span id="cb138-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Treemap"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb138-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"UC Berkeley admissions and rejections by sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb138-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb138-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: Bickel et al. (1975)</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">Sex bias in graduate admissions: Data from Berkeley. Science, 187, 398–403."</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-28-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="哑铃图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.11">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.11</span> 哑铃图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#哑铃图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb139"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb139-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year, species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">species_sex =</span> <span class="fu">paste</span>(species, sex, <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">"_"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb139-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">year =</span> <span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"year_"</span>, year)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">spread</span>(year, mean_bmg) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb139-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> year_2007, <span class="at">xend =</span> year_2009, </span>
<span id="cb139-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="fu">reorder</span>(species_sex, year_2009))) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb139-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_dumbbell</span>(<span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"#999999"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb139-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size_x =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>, </span>
<span id="cb139-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size_xend =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>,</span>
<span id="cb139-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co">#Note: there is no US:'color' for UK:'colour' </span></span>
<span id="cb139-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># in geom_dumbbel unlike standard geoms in ggplot()</span></span>
<span id="cb139-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">colour_x =</span> <span class="st">"#999999"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb139-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">colour_xend =</span> <span class="st">"#E69F00"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb139-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (g)"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb139-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Species & sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb139-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Dumbbell plot"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb139-20"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguin's change in body mass from 2007 to 2009"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb139-21"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb139-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-29-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="斜率图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.12">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.12</span> 斜率图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#斜率图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb140"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb140-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb140-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb140-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year, species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb140-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb140-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> year, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bmg, <span class="at">group =</span> sex,</span>
<span id="cb140-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb140-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="fu">vars</span>(species), <span class="at">nrow =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb140-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_line</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.6</span>, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb140-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb140-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="at">breaks=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">2007</span>, <span class="dv">2008</span>, <span class="dv">2009</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb140-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Year"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb140-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb140-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"Sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb140-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Slope chart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb140-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguin's change in body mass from 2007 to 2009"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb140-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb140-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-30-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="堆叠面积图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.13">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.13</span> 堆叠面积图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#堆叠面积图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb141"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb141-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb141-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb141-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year, species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb141-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb141-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> year, <span class="at">y =</span> mean_bmg, <span class="at">fill =</span> sex)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb141-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="fu">vars</span>(species), <span class="at">nrow =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb141-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_area</span>(<span class="at">alpha =</span> <span class="fl">0.6</span>, <span class="at">size=</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb141-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="at">breaks=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">2007</span>, <span class="dv">2008</span>, <span class="dv">2009</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb141-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Year"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb141-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Mean body mass (g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb141-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"Sex"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb141-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Stacked area chart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb141-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguin's change in body mass from 2007 to 2009"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb141-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb141-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-31-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="棒棒糖图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.14">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.14</span> 棒棒糖图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#棒棒糖图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb142"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb142-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year, species, sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">mean_bmg =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(body_mass_g)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">species_sex =</span> <span class="fu">paste</span>(species, sex, <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">"_"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb142-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">year =</span> <span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"year_"</span>, year)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">spread</span>(year, mean_bmg) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb142-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb142-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="fu">reorder</span>(species_sex, <span class="sc">-</span>year_2009), <span class="at">xend =</span> <span class="fu">reorder</span>(species_sex, <span class="sc">-</span>year_2009), </span>
<span id="cb142-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">yend =</span> year_2009),</span>
<span id="cb142-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"#999999"</span>, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb142-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="fu">reorder</span>(species_sex, <span class="sc">-</span>year_2009), <span class="at">y =</span> year_2009),</span>
<span id="cb142-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"#E69F00"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb142-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb142-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Species & sex"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb142-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Body mass (g)"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb142-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Lollipop chart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb142-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Penguin's body mass in 2009"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb142-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb142-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-32-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="树状图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.15">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.15</span> 树状图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#树状图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb143"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb143-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb143-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggdendro)</span>
<span id="cb143-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb143-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dendextend)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb144"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb144-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_hist <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(sex <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"male"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(species, bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm, flipper_length_mm, body_mass_g) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(species) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb144-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">sample_n</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>()</span>
<span id="cb144-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rownames</span>(penguins_hist) <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">paste</span>(penguins_hist<span class="sc">$</span>species, <span class="fu">seq_len</span>(<span class="fu">nrow</span>(penguins_hist)), <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">"_"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb144-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb144-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_hist <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins_hist <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>species) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb144-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb144-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb145"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb145-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb145-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>hc <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">hclust</span>(<span class="fu">dist</span>(penguins_hist, <span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"euclidean"</span>), <span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"ward.D2"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb145-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb145-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggdendrogram</span>(hc)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png" width="672" /></p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb146"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb146-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Create a dendrogram and plot it</span></span>
<span id="cb146-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_hist <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb146-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> scale <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb146-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">dist</span>(<span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"euclidean"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb146-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hclust</span>(<span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"ward.D2"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb146-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">as.dendrogram</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb146-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb146-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">plot</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-35-2.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="瀑布图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.16">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.16</span> 瀑布图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#瀑布图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb147"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb147-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb147-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(waterfall)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb148"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb148-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>jaquith <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb148-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(score) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb148-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">add_row</span>(<span class="at">factor =</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span>, <span class="at">score =</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(jaquith<span class="sc">$</span>score)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb148-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">factor =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(factor, <span class="at">levels =</span> factor),</span>
<span id="cb148-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">id =</span> <span class="fu">seq_along</span>(score)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb148-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">end =</span> <span class="fu">cumsum</span>(score),</span>
<span id="cb148-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">start =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, end[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="fu">length</span>(end)]),</span>
<span id="cb148-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">start =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(start[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="fu">length</span>(start)], <span class="dv">0</span>),</span>
<span id="cb148-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">end =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(end[<span class="sc">-</span><span class="fu">length</span>(end)], score[<span class="fu">length</span>(score)]),</span>
<span id="cb148-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">gr_col =</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(factor <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Total"</span>, <span class="st">"Total"</span>, <span class="st">"Part"</span>)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb148-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> factor, <span class="at">fill =</span> gr_col)) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb148-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_rect</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> factor,</span>
<span id="cb148-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">xmin =</span> id <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fl">0.45</span>, <span class="at">xmax =</span> id <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fl">0.45</span>, </span>
<span id="cb148-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">ymin =</span> end, <span class="at">ymax =</span> start)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb148-15"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme</span>(<span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="at">vjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>),</span>
<span id="cb148-16"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">legend.position =</span> <span class="st">"none"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb148-17"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">""</span>, </span>
<span id="cb148-18"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Amount"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb148-19"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Waterfall chart"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb148-20"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"Sample business-adjusted risk from Security Metrics"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb148-21"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb148-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Andrew Jaquith, Security Metrics: Replacing Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">(Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2007), 170-171."</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-37-1.png" width="672" /></p>
</div>
<div id="双标图" class="section level2 hasAnchor" number="5.17">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">5.17</span> 双标图<a href="main-diagram-types.html#双标图" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb149"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb149-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb149-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggfortify)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb150"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb150-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_prep <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb150-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb150-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(bill_length_mm<span class="sc">:</span>body_mass_g)</span>
<span id="cb150-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb150-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_pca <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins_prep <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb150-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb150-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">prcomp</span>(<span class="at">scale. =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb151"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb151-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb151-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>penguins_km <span class="ot"><-</span> penguins_prep <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb151-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb151-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">kmeans</span>(<span class="dv">3</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb152"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb152-1"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">autoplot</span>(penguins_pca, </span>
<span id="cb152-2"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">data =</span> penguins <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">remove_missing</span>(), </span>
<span id="cb152-3"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">colour =</span> <span class="st">'species'</span>,</span>
<span id="cb152-4"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">shape =</span> <span class="st">'species'</span>,</span>
<span id="cb152-5"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">loadings =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, </span>
<span id="cb152-6"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">loadings.colour =</span> <span class="st">'blue'</span>,</span>
<span id="cb152-7"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">loadings.label =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, </span>
<span id="cb152-8"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">loadings.label.size =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb152-9"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_color_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> cbp1) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb152-10"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> cbp1) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb152-11"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_bw</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb152-12"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(</span>
<span id="cb152-13"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Biplot PCA"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb152-14"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#cb152-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">caption =</span> <span class="st">"Source: https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="3001-Main-diagram-types_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-41-1.png" width="672" /></p>