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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>11 附录 | 庄闪闪的可视化手册</title>
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="这是用R的bookdown功能制作中文图书的模板，输出格式为bookdown::gitbook和bookdown::pdf_book." />
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<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>简介</a></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>I R 语言基础</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="base-tutorial.html"><a href="base-tutorial.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Base 系列</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="tidyverse-tutorial.html"><a href="tidyverse-tutorial.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Tidyverse 系列</a></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>II R 语言可视化</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> 使用基础包绘图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制基本图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> 绘制基本图形</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制分布关系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> 绘制分布关系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制数据间关系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> 绘制数据间关系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制其他图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.3</b> 绘制其他图形</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改图形参数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> 修改图形参数</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改颜色"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> 修改颜色</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#修改点符号与线条"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> 修改点符号与线条</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#绘制组合图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> 绘制组合图形</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#par"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> par()</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#layout"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> layout</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#保存图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> 保存图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#使用代码"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> 使用代码</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.2" data-path="causal.html"><a href="causal.html#在-rstudio-窗口点击按钮保存"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.2</b> 在 Rstudio 窗口点击按钮保存</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> 使用 ggplot2 包绘图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#简介-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> 简介</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#qplot"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> qplot</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#ggplot2包图形语法"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> ggplot2包图形语法</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#对比不同画图语法"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> 对比不同画图语法</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#思想介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.2</b> 思想介绍</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#全局变量-vs.-局部变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.3</b> 全局变量 vs. 局部变量</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#几何对象"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> 几何对象</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#参考书籍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.1</b> 参考书籍</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#统计变换"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> 统计变换</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#刻度scale"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6</b> 刻度scale</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#丰富的刻度体系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6.1</b> 丰富的刻度体系</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#坐标系"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7</b> 坐标系</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.8" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#分面"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.8</b> 分面</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标题标注指南拼接"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9</b> 标题、标注、指南、拼接</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.1</b> 标题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#标注功能"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.2</b> 标注功能</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#指南"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.3</b> 指南</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.9.4" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#主题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.9.4</b> 主题</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.10" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#保存图片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.10</b> 保存图片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#例子"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11</b> 例子</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.1" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#柱状图误差项"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.1</b> 柱状图+误差项</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.2" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#有正值和负值的柱形图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.2</b> 有正值和负值的柱形图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.11.3" data-path="ggplot2-plot.html"><a href="ggplot2-plot.html#合并两图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.11.3</b> 合并两图</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> 常用图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#散点图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> 散点图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#气泡图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> 气泡图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#线性图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> 线性图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#相关系数图热力图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4</b> 相关系数图/热力图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.5" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#条形图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.5</b> 条形图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.6" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#箱线图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.6</b> 箱线图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#小提琴图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7</b> 小提琴图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#饼图-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8</b> 饼图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#冲积图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9</b> 冲积图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.10" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#系谱图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.10</b> 系谱图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.11" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#哑铃图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.11</b> 哑铃图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.12" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#斜率图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.12</b> 斜率图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.13" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#堆叠面积图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.13</b> 堆叠面积图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.14" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#棒棒糖图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.14</b> 棒棒糖图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.15" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#树状图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.15</b> 树状图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.16" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#瀑布图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.16</b> 瀑布图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.17" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#双标图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.17</b> 双标图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.18" data-path="main-diagram-types.html"><a href="main-diagram-types.html#雷达图星图蜘蛛图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.18</b> 雷达图/星图/蜘蛛图</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> 其他相关拓展包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html#ggplot2-官网-109-种拓展包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> ggplot2 官网 109 种拓展包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="other-packages.html"><a href="other-packages.html#整理的相关扩展包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> 整理的相关扩展包</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> 认识交互式绘图工具</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#leaflet包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> leaflet包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#dygraphs包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> dygraphs包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#plotly包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3</b> plotly包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#dt包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> DT包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.5" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#networkd3包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.5</b> networkD3包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.6" data-path="interactive-ploting.html"><a href="interactive-ploting.html#利用shiny包实现可交互的web应用"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.6</b> 利用Shiny包实现可交互的Web应用</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> 常用案例</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制不同分布的-qq-图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1</b> 绘制不同分布的 QQ 图</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#简单版本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1.1</b> 简单版本</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#进阶版本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1.2</b> 进阶版本</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制混合密度函数图以及添加分位数线"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2</b> 绘制混合密度函数图以及添加分位数线</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#加载包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.1</b> 加载包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#产生数据集"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.2</b> 产生数据集</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制密度函数图并添加分位数线"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.3</b> 绘制密度函数图并添加分位数线</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2.4" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#合并两图使用cowplot包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2.4</b> 合并两图（使用cowplot包）</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制不同参数的密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3</b> 绘制不同参数的密度函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#beta-密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3.1</b> Beta 密度函数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#散点图中加入第三变量的密度函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4</b> 散点图中加入第三变量的密度函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制-gamma-分布相关图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5</b> 绘制 Gamma 分布相关图形</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#纯手动复现密度图"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6</b> 纯手动复现密度图</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#绘制贝叶斯分析相关图形"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7</b> 绘制贝叶斯分析相关图形</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.1" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#模型建模"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.1</b> 模型建模</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.2" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#后验预测检查"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.2</b> 后验预测检查</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7.3" data-path="some-tips-alls.html"><a href="some-tips-alls.html#诊断"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7.3</b> 诊断</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="part"><span><b>III R 语言文档沟通</b></span></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> R Markdown 入门教程</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-简介"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> Rmarkdown 简介</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#官网视频介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.1</b> 官网视频介绍</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-流程演示"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> Rmarkdown 流程演示</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#安装"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.1</b> 安装</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rstudio界面介绍"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.2</b> Rstudio界面介绍</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#代码输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.3</b> 代码输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#图片输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.4</b> 图片输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.5" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#表格输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.5</b> 表格输出</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.6" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#表格渲染"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.6</b> 表格渲染</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmarkdown-的主题格式"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> Rmarkdown 的主题格式</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#rmdformats-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.1</b> rmdformats 包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#tufte-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.2</b> tufte 包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#cerulean-包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.3</b> cerulean 包</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#总结一些常用技巧"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4</b> 总结一些常用技巧</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.1" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#修改某些字体颜色"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.1</b> 修改某些字体颜色</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.2" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#更改全文页边距等"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.2</b> 更改全文页边距等</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.3" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#缩进文本"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.3</b> 缩进文本</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.4" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#分页"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.4</b> 分页</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.5" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#控制文本输出的宽度"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.5</b> 控制文本输出的宽度</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.6" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#控制图片输出大小"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.6</b> 控制图片输出大小</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.7" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#图片对齐"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.7</b> 图片对齐</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4.8" data-path="rmarkdown-base.html"><a href="rmarkdown-base.html#多列输出"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4.8</b> 多列输出</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> 其他方式的文档沟通</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#typora"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> Typora</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#xaringan-幻灯片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2</b> xaringan 幻灯片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#制作幻灯片"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3</b> 制作幻灯片</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.4" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#rbeamer"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.4</b> Rbeamer</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#dashboards"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5</b> Dashboards</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#shiny"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6</b> shiny</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.7" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#blogdown"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.7</b> blogdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#制作简历"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8</b> 制作简历</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.9" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#bookdown"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.9</b> bookdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.10" data-path="rmarkdown-extended.html"><a href="rmarkdown-extended.html#小编有话说"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.10</b> 小编有话说</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> 附录</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装r和rstudio"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装R和Rstudio</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装-r"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装 R</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#安装rstudio"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>安装RStudio</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#可能的问题"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>可能的问题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#如何获取帮助"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>如何获取帮助</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="appendix.html"><a href="appendix.html#r-语言社区"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>R 语言社区</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="reference.html"><a href="reference.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> 参考书籍</a></li>
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<div class="body-inner">
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<h1>
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i><a href="./">庄闪闪的可视化手册</a>
</h1>
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<section class="normal" id="section-">
<div id="appendix" class="section level1 hasAnchor" number="11">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">11</span> 附录<a href="appendix.html#appendix" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h1>
<p>为了方便初学者快速入门以及文稿的完整性，这里罗列了常用问题的介绍，包括：安装R和Rstudio，使用Rstudio可能遇到的问题以及如何获取帮助。</p>
<p><strong>注：</strong>该部分来源于<a href="https://bookdown.org/wangminjie/R4DS/intro-R.html#%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%B8%AE%E5%8A%A9">《数据科学中的 R 语言》</a>。</p>
<div id="安装r和rstudio" class="section level2 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h2>安装R和Rstudio<a href="appendix.html#安装r和rstudio" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<p>R软件是一个自由、开源软件平台，具有统计分析、可视化和编程的强大功能。你可以从这里免费下载。为了更好的使用 R 软件，我推荐大家使用RStudio这个IDE。这里有个在线教程帮助我们熟悉 R 和 RStudio。</p>
<div id="安装-r" class="section level3 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h3>安装 R<a href="appendix.html#安装-r" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h3>
<p>我们从官方网站http://cran.r-project.org下载, 网站界面感觉有点朴素:</p>
<p><img src="figure/Rinstall.png" /></p>
</div>
<div id="安装rstudio" class="section level3 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h3>安装RStudio<a href="appendix.html#安装rstudio" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h3>
<p>安装完R， 还需要安装RStudio。有同学可能要问 R 与 RStudio 是什么关系呢？打个比方吧，R 就像汽车的发动机, RStudio 就是汽车的仪表盘。但我更觉得 R 是有趣的灵魂，而 Rstudio 是好看的皮囊。</p>
<p><img src="figure/2.png" /></p>
<p>同样，我们从官方网站下载并安装，如果你是苹果系统的用户，选择苹果系统对应的rstudio版本即可。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.rstudio.com/download" class="uri">https://www.rstudio.com/download</a></li>
<li>选择RStudio Desktop</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="figure/3.png" /></p>
<p><img src="figure/4.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="可能的问题" class="section level2 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h2>可能的问题<a href="appendix.html#可能的问题" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>问题1：如果下载速度太慢，可以选择国内镜像，</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<img src="figure/16.png" alt="" />
<p class="caption">选择国内镜像1</p>
</div>
<div class="figure">
<img src="figure/17.png" alt="" />
<p class="caption">选择国内镜像2</p>
</div>
<p>然后再输入命令<code>install.packages("tidyverse")</code>，或者直接指定清华大学镜像</p>
<pre><code>install.packages("tidyverse", repos = "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN")</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>问题2：如果遇到如下报错信息</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>Warning in install.packages :
unable to access index for repository http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib:
cannot open URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/PACKAGES'</code></pre>
<p>输入下面命令后，再试试</p>
<pre><code>options(download.file.method="libcurl")</code></pre>
<p>或者打开<code>D:\R\etc\Rprofile.site</code>，添加以下内容：</p>
<pre><code>local({r <- getOption("repos")
r["CRAN"] <- "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN"
options(repos=r)})
options(download.file.method="libcurl")</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>问题3：如果打开代码是乱码，可以试试修改如下设置</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<img src="figure/18.png" alt="" />
<p class="caption">代码是乱码</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>问题4：如果每次打开Rstudio非常慢，可以在Rstudio里将这几个选项取消</li>
</ul>
<div class="figure">
<img src="figure/19.png" alt="" />
<p class="caption">打开Rstudio非常慢</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>问题5：如果 Rstudio 打开是空白</li>
</ul>
<p>很大的可能是你的电脑用户名是中文的，修改用户名再试试</p>
<ul>
<li>问题6：安装过程中提示，我的系统不能兼容 64 位的 Rstudio。</li>
</ul>
<p>可能你是低版本的windows系统，建议安装旧版本的Rstudio，可以在<a href="https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/older-versions/">这里</a>找到旧版本.</p>
<p>更多Rstudio的使用，可参考这里<a href="https://www.pipinghotdata.com/posts/2020-09-07-introducing-the-rstudio-ide-and-r-markdown/">introducing-the-rstudio</a>。</p>
</div>
<div id="如何获取帮助" class="section level2 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h2>如何获取帮助<a href="appendix.html#如何获取帮助" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>记住和学习所有的函数几乎是不可能的</li>
<li>打开函数的帮助页面(<code>Rstudio</code>右下面板的<code>Help</code>选项卡)</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>?sqrt
?gather
?spread
?ggplot2
?scale
?map_dfr</code></pre>
<p>比如：</p>
<div class="figure">
<img src="figure/20.png" alt="" />
<p class="caption">help帮助</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="r-语言社区" class="section level2 unnumbered hasAnchor">
<h2>R 语言社区<a href="appendix.html#r-语言社区" class="anchor-section" aria-label="Anchor link to header"></a></h2>
<p>R 语言社区非常友好，可以在这里找到你问题的答案</p>
<ul>
<li>twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/" class="uri">https://twitter.com/</a></li>
<li>R-Bloggers: <a href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/" class="uri">https://www.r-bloggers.com/</a></li>
<li>kaggle: <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/" class="uri">https://www.kaggle.com/</a></li>
<li>stackoverflow: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r" class="uri">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r</a></li>
<li>rstudio: <a href="https://community.rstudio.com/" class="uri">https://community.rstudio.com/</a></li>
</ul>
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