The list of exercises, including full descriptions, can be found on practicepython.org
I solved them while simultaneously learning the basics of Python through the tutorial on W3Schools.com. In lieau of a native Python installation or IDE, I initially solved the more basic exercises in an online Python compiler.
To other people starting out with Python I would recommend the eBook Python for Everybody (see below), along with installing Thonny, a simple Python IDE for beginners.
All exercises originate from the German translation of the free eBook Python for Everybody, 1st edition. The book can be found in various languages on PY4E
Exercises are from the eBook Think Python, 2nd edition, which can be found on greenteapress.com.