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adjekt3.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<title>Adjectives: Declension</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1 id="oben"><span class="red">Caibidil a Dó: the adjective
(an Aidiacht)</span></h1>
<h2><i class="red">The declension of adjectives (Díochlaonadh
na nAidiachtaí)</i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%">
<col width="50%">
</colgroup>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><span class="lightgreen"><b><i>Declination in general</i></b></span>
<br>
<a href="#deklin">which adjectives</a> are declined<br>
<a href="#Lenition">lenition</a> of adjectives<br>
<a href="#Eklipse">eclipsis</a> der adjectives <br>
<a href="subst2.htm">the cases</a> (of nouns) <br>
<a href="#GenitivPlural">formation of the genitive plural</a> of
an adjective<br>
<a href="#Vocativ">vocative form</a> of an adjective<br>
<a href="#dativ">dative</a> of an adjectives</td>
<td><span class="lightgreen"><b><i>The 3 declensions</i></b>:</span>
<br>
<span class="red"><a href="#erste">1st declension:</a></span> all adjectives,
ending in a <b>consonant</b> <br>
with the following<i> subgroups</i>: <br>
<a href="#breit">1.1.:</a> those ending in <b>broad</b> consonants
enden <br>
<a href="#schlank">1.2.:</a> those ending in<b> slender</b> consonants
enden <br>
<a href="#llnnrr">1.3.: </a>those ending in a broad <b>-ll, -nn</b>
or a long vowel + <b>-ch</b> <br>
<a href="#ach">1.4.: </a>those ending in <b>-ach </b><br>
<span class="red"><a href="#zweite">2nd declension:</a></span> <br>
<a href="#uil">2.1.:</a> those ending in <b>-úil</b>
<br>
<b> </b><a href="#sechste">2.2.:</a> those ending in <b>-ir</b>
<br>
<span class="red"><a href="#dritte">3rd declension:</a></span> all
adjectives ending in a <b>vowel</b> <br>
<a href="#sonstige">irregular adjectives</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<br>
<b><span class="lightgreen">Rules of thumb for all
declensions:</span></b>
<p id="deklin"><b class="red">Which adjectives are declined
:</b> <br>
Descriptive attributive adjectives, that <i>follow</i> a noun. <br>
<i>Preceding </i> a noun, adjectives are not declined . <br>
Also predicative adjectives are not declined . <br>
Therefore, the comparative is not declinable.
<p id="Lenition"><b class="red">lenition rules:</b>
<br>
<a href="lenition.htm">lenition</a> of an adjective is used:
<ol>
<li>after feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative singular e.g.: <i>bean
mhór = big woman</i></li>
<li>after nouns in the dative after preposition + article + noun, if
<ul>
<li>the noun is lenited (always after feminine nouns, but not after masculine
nouns in Connacht) e.g. <i>don tsráid mhór = to the main
street</i>, <i>don fhear m(h)ór = to the big man</i></li>
<li>the noun is eclipsed (always after feminine nouns, but not after masculine
nouns in Connacht) e.g.: <i>ag an mbean mhór = at the big woman</i>,
<i>ag an bhfear m(h)ór = at the big man</i> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>after masculine nouns in the genitive singular e.g.: <i>an fhir mhóir
= of the big man</i></li>
<li>after femin. and masc. nouns in the vocative singular e.g <i>a fhir bhig
= little man!, a bhean bheag = little woman!</i> <br>
but <u>not</u> in the plural: e.g.: <i>a fheara beaga = little men!</i></li>
<li>after femin. and masc. nouns in the nominative plural, that end in slender
consonants (only possible in the weak plural) e.g.: <i>fir mhóra =
big men</i></li>
<li>the "dentals"-rule is not used with attributive adjectives (so d,t,s are
indeed lenited also after nouns ending in d,n,t,l,s) e.g.: <i>an bhean dheas
= the nice woman</i></li>
</ol>
<b id="Eklipse" class="red">eclipsis of adjectives:</b>
<br>
<a href="eklipse.htm">eclipsis</a> of following adjectives today rather obsolete.
<br>
It did occur <b>earlier</b> in the <i>genitive plural</i>, and partially also
in the <i>dative singular</i> (after eclipsed nouns) <br>
The eclipsis of following adjectives in the dative after an article is today only
encountered in Munster, esp. Muskerry. <br>
e.g.:
<br>
<i>na mban mbocht = the poor women (today: na mban bocht)</i>, <br>
<i>leis an bhfear mbocht = with the poor man (today: leis an bhfear b(h)ocht)</i>
<br>
<br>
adjectives as <a href="adjekt5.htm">prefixes</a> must endure eclipsis: <br>
e.g.: <i>leis an gcorruimhir = with the uneven number, deich ndrochlá =
ten bad days</i>
<p id="GenitivPlural"><b class="red">genitive plural:</b>
<br>
The <b class="lightgreen">genitive plural</b> is equivalent to:
<ol>
<li>the <b><i>nominative singular </i></b> (by a <a href="subst2.htm#lagiolra">weak
plural</a> of the noun) e.g. <i>na bhfear mór = the big men/the big
men's </i></li>
<li>the <b><i>nominative plural</i></b> (by a <a href="subst2.htm#treaniolra">strong
plural</a> of the noun) e.g: <i>na mbuachaillí móra = the big
boys' </i></li>
</ol>
<b id="Vocativ" class="red">vocative:</b>
<br>
The <b class="lightgreen">vocative singular</b> of an adjective is equivalent
to:
<ol>
<li>after masculine nouns (all declensions!) the <b><i>genitive singular</i></b>
e.g.: <i>a fhir mhóir = big man!, a chara mhóir = big friend!
</i>(but not if inanimate objects are used as nicknames for people, and also
not after collectives, while then not the vocative but the nominative takes
hold)</li>
<li>after feminine nouns of the <b><i>nominative singular </i></b> e.g.: <i>a
bhean mhór = big woman!</i></li>
</ol>
The <b class="lightgreen">vocative plural</b> is equivalent to
<ol>
<li>the <b><i>nominative plural</i></b> e.g.: <i>a fheara móra = big
men!</i></li>
</ol>
<b id="dativ" class="red">dative:</b>
<br>
A special <b class="lightgreen">dative singular</b> of an adjective
is hardly common anymore and is replaced with the nominative. <br>
It is used if the adjective comes after <b><i>nouns in the dative</i></b> (an
own dative form belongs only to feminine nouns of the 2nd and 5th declension).
<ul>
<li> formed in the 1st declension via <b><i>palatalisation</i></b> (e.g. <i>beag
- big</i>); <br>
e.g.: <i>ag an bhfuinneoig bhig = at the small window, don mhnaoi mhóir
= to the big woman</i></li>
<li>in the 2nd and 3rd declensions, the adjective remains unchanged. <br>
e.g.: <i>ag an bhfuinneoig bhuí = at the yellow window</i></li>
</ul>
<p>The <b class="lightgreen">dative plural</b> is always the same as
the nominative plural. <br>
e.g.: <i>ag na fuinneoga beaga = at the small windows</i> <br>
Even if one uses the old dative plural suffix <i>-ibh</i> with a noun, it is
never used with an adjective: <br>
e.g.: <i>ag na fuinneogaibh beaga = at the small windows</i>
<p><br>
<hr width="100%">
<br>
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>
<h3 id="erste"><span class="red">1st declension (An chéad díochlaonadh)</span></h3>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>All adjectives, ending in <b>consonants</b>. <br>
With the exception of those ending in auf -úil or -ir (<a href="#zweite">2nd
declension</a>) <br>
Generally, these adjectives are declined like the nouns of the 1st declension
(masculine) or the 2nd declension (feminine).
<p id="breit"><b><i class="red">1st subgroup: adjectives, ending
in a broad consonant</i></b>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Who belongs here:</b>
<br>
Most of the adjectives that end in a <b>broad</b> consonant. <br>
(slender consonant: <a href="adjekt3.htm#schlank">2nd</a> subgroup)
<br>
In written Irish, this means that the last vowel is a <b>a, o or </b><b>u</b>
<br>
What doesn't belong are adjectives ending in -ll,-nn (<a href="adjekt3.htm#dritte">3rd</a>
subgroup) or -ch (<a href="adjekt3.htm#llnnrr">3rd</a> and <a href="adjekt3.htm#ach">4th</a>
subgroup) <br>
examples: <i>mór = big, dearg = red, gorm = blue, olc = evil</i>
<p><b class="lightgreen">forming the genitive in the singular:</b>
<ul>
<li>After <b>a masculine</b> noun via <b><i>palatalisation</i></b>, the word
ends then in a <b>slender</b> consonants (in written Irish, that makes the
last vowel in the word either e or i). <br>
e.g.: mór - móir</li>
<li>After <b>feminine</b> nouns also leads to palatalisation and additionally
a suffix of <b class="red">-e</b> <br>
e.g.: mór - móire
<br>
Polysyllabic adjectives tend to shorten (<a href="palat.htm#synkope">syncopation</a>)
when additional suffixes are added, if possible<br>
e.g. ramhar - raimhre (instead of "*ramhaire")</li>
</ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">nominative plural</b>
<ul>
<li>The plural is formed by adding the suffix <b class="red">-a</b>
to the singular form. <br>
e.g.: mór - móra
<br>
Polysyllabic adjectives act as in the genitive w.r.t. <b>syncopation</b>
<br>
e.g.: ramhar - ramhra (instead of "*ramhara")</li>
</ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Paradigms</b> <br>
<b>weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">palat.</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td><b class="lilac">palat.</b> + <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">palat.</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td><b class="lilac">palat.</b> + <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b class="lightgreen">examples</b>
<br><b>mór = big, after a noun with a weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an fear</td>
<td>mór</td>
<td>an bhean </td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ór</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an fhir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ó<b class="lilac">i</b>r</td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>mó<b class="lilac">i</b>r<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na fir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ór<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>mór<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na bhfear</td>
<td>mór</td>
<td>na mban</td>
<td>mór</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>mór = big, after a noun with a strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an teach</td>
<td>mór</td>
<td>an mhuir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ór</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an tí</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ó<b class="lilac">i</b>r</td>
<td>na mara</td>
<td>mó<b class="lilac">i</b>r<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na tithe</td>
<td>mór<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>na mara</td>
<td>mór<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na dtithe</td>
<td>mór<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>na mara</td>
<td>mór<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p id="schlank"><b><i class="red">2nd subgroup: adjectives
ending in slender consonants </i></b>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Who belongs here:</b>
<br>
All adjectives ending in a <b>slender</b> consonant. <br>
In written Irish, that means the last vowel is <b>e</b> or <b>i</b> <br>
examples: <i>maith = good, áillinn = beautiful, etc.</i>
<p><span class="lightgreen"><b>forming the genitive in the singular</b><b></b></span>
<ul>
<li><b><i>palatalisation</i></b> is not necessary, because the word alreasy
ends in a <b>slender</b> consonant.</li>
<li>After <b>masculine</b> nouns, the adjective then has the same form as in
the <b><i>nominative singular </i></b> (but lenited). <br>
e.g.: maith - mhaith</li>
<li>After <b>feminine</b> nouns an <b class="red">-e</b> is
added to the end. <br>
e.g.: maith - maithe
<br>
polysyllabic verbs tend to <b>syncopate</b> <br>
e.g. saibhir - saibhre (instead of "*saibhire") <br>
e.g. domhain - doimhne (instead of "*domhaine")</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">nominative plural</b>
<ul>
<li>The plural is formed by adding the suffix <b class="red">-e</b>
to the singular form (making it look the same as the genitive singular feminine).
<br>
e.g. maith - maithe
<br>
polysyllabic verbs also here tend to <b>syncopate</b> <br>
e.g. saibhir - saibhre (instead of "*saibhire")
<br>e.g. aoibhinn - aoibhne (instead of "*aoibhinne")</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Paradigms</b> <br>
<b>weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="red bold">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b class="lightgreen">examples</b>
<br>
<b>maith = good, after a noun with a weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an fear</td>
<td>maith</td>
<td>an bhean </td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>aith</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an fhir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>aith</td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na fir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>aith<b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na bhfear</td>
<td>maith</td>
<td>na mban</td>
<td>maith</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>maith = good, after a noun with a strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an dalta</td>
<td>maith</td>
<td>an ainnir</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>aith</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an dhalta</td>
<td>m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>aith</td>
<td>na hainnire</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na daltaí</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na ndaltaí</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>maith<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p id="llnnrr"><b><i class="red">3rd subgroup: adjectives ending
in -ll,-nn or long vowel + -ch </i></b>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Who belongs here:</b> <br>
Some adjectives, ending in certain broad consonants, are not palatalised in
the masculine genitive. <br>
This includes the adjectives ending in <b>-ll,-nn</b> or a long vowel + <b>-ch</b>
(e.g.-íoch, -ách, -óch -iuch, -eoch etc.) <br>
As well as adjectives ending in a broad <b>-cht, -ng, -m</b>, and some ending
in <b>-r/-rr</b> <br>
examples: <i>fann = weak, fionn = blond, dall = blind, imníoch
= anxious, gleoch = loud, fliuch = wet, bocht = poor</i> <br>
adjectives ending in a short -ach do not belong here (<a href="adjekt3.htm#ach">4th</a>
subgroup)
<p><b class="lightgreen">forming the genitive in the singular</b>
<ul>
<li>After <b>masculine</b> nouns, (as opposed to the 1st subgroup) the genitive
is the same as <b><i>nominative singular </i></b>, that means <b><i>no</i></b>
<b><i>palatalisation</i></b>, despite theoretical possibility (wrong: fann
> "*fainn", imníoch > "*ímních"). <br>
e.g.: fann - fhann, imníoch - imníoch</li>
<li>After <b>feminine</b> nouns, the adjective always <b><i>palatalised</i></b>
and an <b class="red">-e</b> is added to the end. <br>
e.g.: fann - fainne; fionn - finne, imníoch - imníche</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">nominative plural</b>
<ul>
<li>The plural is formed by adding the suffix <b class="red">-a</b>
to the singular form. <br>
e.g. fann - fanna, fionn - fionna, imníoch - imníocha</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Paradigma</b>
<br><b>weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td><b class="lilac">palat.</b> + <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="lilac bold">-</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td><b class="lilac">palat.</b> + <b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>+ <b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b class="lightgreen">examples</b>
<br>
<b>fionn = blond, after a weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an fear</td>
<td>fionn</td>
<td>an bhean</td>
<td>f<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ionn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an fhir</td>
<td>f<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ionn</td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>f<b class="lilac">i</b>nn<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na fir</td>
<td>f<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>na mná</td>
<td>fionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na bhfear</td>
<td>fionn</td>
<td>na mban</td>
<td>fionn</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>fionn = blond, after a strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an dalta</td>
<td>fionn</td>
<td>an ainnir</td>
<td>f<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ionn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an dhalta</td>
<td>f<b class="lightgreen">h</b>ionn</td>
<td>na hainnire</td>
<td>f<b class="lilac">i</b>nn<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na daltaí</td>
<td>fionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>fionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na ndaltaí</td>
<td>fionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>fionn<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><b>imníoch = anxious, after a noun with a <i>weak</i> plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem. noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an fear</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
<td>an ghirseach </td>
<td>imníoch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an fhir</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
<td>na girsí</td>
<td>imních<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na fir</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>na girseacha</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na bhfear</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
<td>na ngirseach</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>imníoch = anxious, after a noun with a <i>strong</i> plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
<td><b>fem. noun</b></td>
<td><b>adj.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td>an dalta</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
<td>an ainnir</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td>an dalta</td>
<td>imníoch</td>
<td>na hainnire</td>
<td>imních<b class="red">e</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td>na daltaí</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td>na ndaltaí</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>ainnireacha</td>
<td>imníoch<b class="red">a</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p id="ach"><b><i class="red">4th subgroup: adjectives ending
in -ach </i></b>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Who belongs here:</b>
<br>
All adjectives, that end in <b>-ach</b> (or <b>-each</b>). <br>
But not adjectives ending in -och, -ách, -óch, -íoch (<a href="adjekt3.htm#llnnrr">3rd</a>
subgroup) <br>
examples: salach = dirty, Éireannach = Irish, díreach = direct
etc.
<p><b class="lightgreen">forming the genitive </b><span class="lightgreen">in
the</span><b class="lightgreen"> singular</b>
<ul>
<li>this time, even the <b>masculine</b> nouns incur <b><i>palatalisation</i></b>,
<br>
but the palatalised form is not -aich but <b class="red">-aigh</b>
<br>
e.g.: salach - salaigh</li>
<li>After <b>feminine</b> nouns, the adjective is palatalised as well and an
-e is added, but instead of "-aighe" one writes <b class="red">-aí</b>
<br>
e.g.: salach - salaí</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">nominative plural</b>
<ul>
<li>The plural is formed by adding the suffix <b class="red">-a</b>
to the singular form <br>
e.g. salach - salacha</li></ul>
<p><b class="lightgreen">Paradigma</b>
<br><b>weak plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td>-</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. sg.</td>
<td class="red bold"> -aigh</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
<td class="red bold"> -aí</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. pl.</td>
<td> -ach<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
<td> -ach<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-/<b class="lightgreen">L</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gen. pl.</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td>-</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<b>strong plural</b>
<table border width="430" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>masc.</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
<td><b>fem..</b></td>
<td><b>L/E</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nom. sg.</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td>-</td>
<td> -ach</td>
<td class="lightgreen bold">L</td>
</tr>
<tr>