diff --git a/404.html b/404.html index 53e82090b4..7a59bea1f7 100644 --- a/404.html +++ b/404.html @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

404 - Not Found

Looks like we've got some broken links.
+ (opens new window)

404 - Not Found

That's a Four-Oh-Four.
Take me home.
- + diff --git a/adoption/all/index.html b/adoption/all/index.html index 19da62fae0..00e9b5af0c 100644 --- a/adoption/all/index.html +++ b/adoption/all/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ GitHub (opens new window)

# All

Explore the ecosystem of projects that are built with the BDK family of libraries.

Bitkey

Bitkey is the safe, easy way to own and manage bitcoin. It’s a mobile app, hardware device, and a set of recovery tools, for simple, secure self-custody. -

Peach Bitcoin

Connecting Bitcoin buyers and sellers directly together. Buy or sell bitcoin peer-to-peer anywhere, at anytime.

AnchorWatch

Protect your bitcoin with regulated insurance and enterprise-grade multi-institutional custody.

Mutiny Wallet

Mutiny is a self-custodial lightning wallet that runs in the browser.

Envoy By Foundation

A Bitcoin wallet with powerful account management and privacy features. Use alongside your Passport hardware wallet to take true ownership of your Bitcoin.

mempool.space

Explore the full Bitcoin ecosystem.

Caravan

Caravan is a multi-sig coordinator application, and an Unchained-sponsored open source project.

Bull Bitcoin

A self-custodial Bitcoin Wallet and Exchange app that lets users buy, sell, spend and get paid with Bitcoin. Bitcoins are automatically sent from the exchange to the user's wallet.

Lava

The Future of Finance Available Today. Functional, safe and simple.

LDK Node

A ready-to-go Lightning node library built using LDK and BDK.

Padawan Wallet

Padawan is a testnet-only bitcoin wallet packed with tutorials to learn how to use bitcoin on mobile.

Seba Bank

From everyday banking to crypto custody and trading, get the most out of your assets with a regulated global crypto bank.

BitMask Wallet

Your Gateway to DeepWeb3 on Bitcoin. A browser extension for decentralized applications on Bitcoin.

Smart Vaults

Determine who, how, and when your Bitcoin can be accessed.

Galoy

Bitcoin-native banking infrastructure for organizations.

Iris Wallet

Open-source wallet for Bitcoin and RGB assets.

Spotbit

Spotbit is a portable API for Bitcoin price data and candles.

Stackmate

A multi-purpose Bitcoin Wallet.

Lipa

The Swiss app for cashless payments with Bitcoin.

Lexe Wallet

Lexe is a self-custodial Bitcoin and Lightning wallet that can receive payments 24/7.

10101

Decentralised finance. For real. BTC trading without counterparty risk in one easy and fast app.

Liana

Never lose your coins. Liana is a simple Bitcoin wallet with built-in loss protection and inheritance.

utreexod

A fully validating Bitcoin node with Utreexo support.

Proton Wallet

A self-custodial Bitcoin wallet from the makers of Proton Mail.

Volt

A modern descriptor-based Financial Freedom Bitcoin Wallet aimed at restoring sovereignty to Global Bitcoiners.

Strata

A work-in-progress EVM-compatible validity rollup on bitcoin.

Satsails

Satsails is a self self custodial bitcoin wallet with fiat integration for selected countries.

Bitcoin Safe

A Bitcoin wallet for the entire family.

Bark

A Rust implementation of the Ark protocol on bitcoin.


+

Peach Bitcoin

Connecting Bitcoin buyers and sellers directly together. Buy or sell bitcoin peer-to-peer anywhere, at anytime.

AnchorWatch

Protect your bitcoin with regulated insurance and enterprise-grade multi-institutional custody.

Mutiny Wallet

Mutiny is a self-custodial lightning wallet that runs in the browser.

Envoy By Foundation

A Bitcoin wallet with powerful account management and privacy features. Use alongside your Passport hardware wallet to take true ownership of your Bitcoin.

mempool.space

Explore the full Bitcoin ecosystem.

Caravan

Caravan is a multi-sig coordinator application, and an Unchained-sponsored open source project.

Bull Bitcoin

A self-custodial Bitcoin Wallet and Exchange app that lets users buy, sell, spend and get paid with Bitcoin. Bitcoins are automatically sent from the exchange to the user's wallet.

Lava

The Future of Finance Available Today. Functional, safe and simple.

LDK Node

A ready-to-go Lightning node library built using LDK and BDK.

Padawan Wallet

Padawan is a testnet-only bitcoin wallet packed with tutorials to learn how to use bitcoin on mobile.

Seba Bank

From everyday banking to crypto custody and trading, get the most out of your assets with a regulated global crypto bank.

BitMask Wallet

Your Gateway to DeepWeb3 on Bitcoin. A browser extension for decentralized applications on Bitcoin.

Smart Vaults

Determine who, how, and when your Bitcoin can be accessed.

Galoy

Bitcoin-native banking infrastructure for organizations.

Iris Wallet

Open-source wallet for Bitcoin and RGB assets.

Spotbit

Spotbit is a portable API for Bitcoin price data and candles.

Stackmate

A multi-purpose Bitcoin Wallet.

Lipa

The Swiss app for cashless payments with Bitcoin.

Lexe Wallet

Lexe is a self-custodial Bitcoin and Lightning wallet that can receive payments 24/7.

10101

Decentralised finance. For real. BTC trading without counterparty risk in one easy and fast app.

Liana

Never lose your coins. Liana is a simple Bitcoin wallet with built-in loss protection and inheritance.

utreexod

A fully validating Bitcoin node with Utreexo support.

Proton Wallet

A self-custodial Bitcoin wallet from the makers of Proton Mail.

Volt

A modern descriptor-based Financial Freedom Bitcoin Wallet aimed at restoring sovereignty to Global Bitcoiners.

Strata

A work-in-progress EVM-compatible validity rollup on bitcoin.

Satsails

Satsails is a self self custodial bitcoin wallet with fiat integration for selected countries.

Bitcoin Safe

A Bitcoin wallet for the entire family.

Bark

A Rust implementation of the Ark protocol on bitcoin.

Alby

Alby develops open-source tools like Browser Extension and Alby Hub to make Lightning and Nostr easier to use and build on.


Add your project!

Mobile @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@

BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/custodial/index.html b/adoption/custodial/index.html index 41deafd8d4..f25556d5ce 100644 --- a/adoption/custodial/index.html +++ b/adoption/custodial/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/desktop/index.html b/adoption/desktop/index.html index f2c6cbb405..ae3bff7266 100644 --- a/adoption/desktop/index.html +++ b/adoption/desktop/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/exchange/index.html b/adoption/exchange/index.html index a6703bc971..d521bfdd26 100644 --- a/adoption/exchange/index.html +++ b/adoption/exchange/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/hardware/index.html b/adoption/hardware/index.html index 0ccd2ddf75..c22f1bdc19 100644 --- a/adoption/hardware/index.html +++ b/adoption/hardware/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -84,6 +84,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/infrastructure/index.html b/adoption/infrastructure/index.html index 3201b7e575..d4c03fb01f 100644 --- a/adoption/infrastructure/index.html +++ b/adoption/infrastructure/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -78,6 +78,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/mobile/index.html b/adoption/mobile/index.html index 86d43251b8..ccf3c5ca2f 100644 --- a/adoption/mobile/index.html +++ b/adoption/mobile/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -84,6 +84,6 @@
BDK Foundation

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/adoption/web/index.html b/adoption/web/index.html index a7ba2cec92..bd7738e55b 100644 --- a/adoption/web/index.html +++ b/adoption/web/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

# Web

mempool.space

Explore the full Bitcoin ecosystem.

Caravan

Caravan is a multi-sig coordinator application, and an Unchained-sponsored open source project.

BitMask Wallet

Your Gateway to DeepWeb3 on Bitcoin. A browser extension for decentralized applications on Bitcoin.

Proton Wallet

A self-custodial Bitcoin wallet from the makers of Proton Mail.

+ (opens new window)

# Web

mempool.space

Explore the full Bitcoin ecosystem.

Caravan

Caravan is a multi-sig coordinator application, and an Unchained-sponsored open source project.

BitMask Wallet

Your Gateway to DeepWeb3 on Bitcoin. A browser extension for decentralized applications on Bitcoin.

Proton Wallet

A self-custodial Bitcoin wallet from the makers of Proton Mail.

Alby

Alby develops open-source tools like Browser Extension and Alby Hub to make Lightning and Nostr easier to use and build on.

←

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/assets/js/31.010035eb.js b/assets/js/31.f5fafba6.js similarity index 98% rename from assets/js/31.010035eb.js rename to assets/js/31.f5fafba6.js index 1b8e366696..0f20a8c730 100644 --- a/assets/js/31.010035eb.js +++ b/assets/js/31.f5fafba6.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[31],{351:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/BDK-RN-Architecture.42fbc351.png"},352:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/BDK-RN.370f20c3.png"},353:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/android_folder.0ff999be.png"},409:function(t,e,a){"use strict";a.r(e);var n=a(7),s=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,e=t._self._c;return e("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[e("p",[t._v("The "),e("strong",[t._v("BitcoinDevkit")]),t._v("'s "),e("strong",[t._v("React Native")]),t._v(" library ("),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(") makes it easy to develop bitcoin applications for both Android and iOS mobile platforms. Using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(", knowledge of the underlying bitcoin and BDK API is not required and using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" is similar to using any other RN module. The goal is "),e("strong",[t._v("Rapid Bitcoin Application Development")]),t._v(" by doing the heavy lifting in advance and providing a reusable library for other developers to use. Developers simply install using "),e("code",[t._v("yarn add")]),t._v(" and start using it in a React Native Project. The native code, Rust lang implementation, configuration and other setup details are all taken care of by "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This article is "),e("strong",[t._v("NOT a guide on how to use bdk-rn")]),t._v(" to build a bitcoin application, rather this is an insight into how "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" was developed. For help on how to use "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" to develop a bitcoin wallet or application please refer to the user guide in the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn#usage",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("readme"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" on Github. There will be "),e("code",[t._v("how to guides")]),t._v(" published shortly on getting started with "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"react-native-architecture"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#react-native-architecture"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" React Native Architecture")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("At a high level, RN consists of the UI front which is essentially JavaScript which interacts with the native iOS and Android platforms over a bridge. When communicating over the bridge values from JS are converted to native and vice versa.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The native part of RN consists of Android as well as iOS modules and components. The Android and iOS sections are full fledged native projects which interact with the JS side over the native bridge. A RN project has all the build configuraiton required to build both Android and iOS projects.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("For the purpose of making "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(", "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-kotlin")]),t._v(" is used as the native Android module and "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-swift")]),t._v(" as the native iOS module. These are configured and wrapped in a RN Project as part of the platform specific native modules within the RN Project. This RN Project is then built to be a reusable React Native module.")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(351),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"native-integration"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#native-integration"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Native Integration")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("In order to communicate to native modules on Android and iOS, React Native provides React Context API for Java/Kotlin as well as Swift. React Context API are used to build the interface to the native bridge allowing communication from JS to native modules.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("bdk-rn uses React Context API plus some native code to wrap and enhance bdk-kotlin and bdk-swift APIs. The native code calls and interacts with the Android and iOS native modules which interface with the underlying mobile platform.")]),t._v(" "),e("img",{staticStyle:{display:"block",margin:"0 auto",zoom:"20%"},attrs:{src:a(352)}}),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"android-module"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#android-module"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Android Module")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("We will go into the details of how the BDK Android Module is integrated, we wont cover iOS.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Starting off with a basic RN project. This project will be enhanced with bdk-kotlin and bdk-swift binaries and native code. For now lets go into the details for Android, iOS has similar steps to be done in Swift.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The Android native project is located under the root project folder.")]),t._v(" "),e("img",{staticStyle:{display:"block",margin:"0 auto",zoom:"120%"},attrs:{src:a(353)}}),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here we need to add a dependency in "),e("code",[t._v("build.gradle")]),t._v(" for bdk-kotlin's android native binary. This will enable bdk-kotlin to be downloaded and available as one of the native modules.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-javascript extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-javascript"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: build.gradle")]),t._v("\n\nrepositories "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("mavenCentral")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\ndependencies "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//noinspection GradleDynamicVersion")]),t._v("\n implementation "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'com.facebook.react:react-native:+'")]),t._v("\n\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// bitcoindevkit")]),t._v("\n implementation "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'org.bitcoindevkit:bdk-android:0.7.1'")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("We will create an Android native module which will interact with "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-android")]),t._v(".\nThis is done by adding a new Kotlin file "),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v(" inside "),e("code",[t._v("android/app/src/main/java/com/bdkrn/")]),t._v(" folder")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This will be part of the native code for bdk-rn module.Here a new class will be created to encapsulate the interaction with bitcoindevkit's android native binary.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" android"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("annotation"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("SuppressLint\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" android"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("util"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Log\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Arguments\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Promise "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" Result\n")])])]),e("p",[e("code",[t._v("org.bitcoindevkit")]),t._v(" will also need to be imported here")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" org"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bitcoindevkit"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Wallet "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" BdkWallet\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("To use React Context API "),e("code",[t._v("com.facebook.react.bridge.*")]),t._v(" also needs to be imported")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("*")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("A new class needs to be defined here which will implement the React Context API")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("class")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("BdkRnModule")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ReactApplicationContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\t"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ReactContextBaseJavaModule")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("override")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getName")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"BdkRnModule"')])]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("With the base imports and class defined, we can start writing methods.\nThis will demonstrate how bdk native module will be called and how values will be returned to JS over the native bridge")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Lets create a method that can be called from JaveScript, to do so we use the "),e("code",[t._v("@ReactMethod")]),t._v(" directive which is part of the React Context API. This will expose the method so that it can be called from JavaScript.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token annotation builtin"}},[t._v("@ReactMethod")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("result"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Promise"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n \n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("We need one more file to complete our native framework. A new Kotlin file, "),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnPackage.kt")]),t._v(" is required to package all our native code into a new android module, here we specify the name of the file we just crated as the module name("),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnModule")]),t._v("). This can be done by adding the following code:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnPackage.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ReactPackage\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token annotation builtin"}},[t._v("@ReactMethod")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("result"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Promise"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create key info with a new mnemonic")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" keys"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ExtendedKeyInfo "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("generateExtendedKey")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n Network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("TESTNET"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n WordCount"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("WORDS12"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('""')])]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n \n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// more code to follow...")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create descriptor and change descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create databaseConfig and blockchainconfig")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create wallet")]),t._v("\n \n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Then key info used to create a wallet descriptor and change descriptor:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" descriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" String "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"wpkh("')])]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" keys"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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We intend to use bitcoin testnet and want to use default memory for data. For bitcoin node we will use a public electrum server. We will need to define these parameters to create a wallet.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" network "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" `Network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("TESTNET`\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" databaseConfig "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" DatabaseConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Memory\nblockchainConfig "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("\n BlockchainConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("Electrum")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ElectrumConfig")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ssl://electrum.blockstream.info:60002"')])]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("null")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" 5u"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("null")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" 10u"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Once done we can use these parameters to create a BDK wallet using the native android BDK library:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("var")]),t._v(" wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" BdkWallet "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("BdkWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n descriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n changeDescriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("setNetwork")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n databaseConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n config\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Once we have a wallet initialised, we can call methods on it to sync, generate a new address and to get balance")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[t._v("wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sync")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("ProgressLog"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" maxAddress"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\nwallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getNewAddress")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\nwallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getBalance")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("toLong")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("To return a value from the native android code to React Native’s Javascript side over the JS Native bridge we will use "),e("code",[t._v("com.facebook.react.bridge.Promise")]),t._v(". To return balance information to JS, the following code can be used")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" balance"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" String "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getBalance")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("toLong")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nresult"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("resolve")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("balance"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("At this point we have an Android native module and it can be invoked from JS by calling "),e("code",[t._v("createWallet")]),t._v(" and it will return the balance.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This project can be imported into any RN project to reuse the defined "),e("code",[t._v("createWallet")]),t._v(" method without the need to carry out the setup described above.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-javascript extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-javascript"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// any js file in React Native")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" BdkRn "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'bdk-rn'")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a wallet and retrieve current balance")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("const")]),t._v(" balance "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("await")]),t._v(" BdkRn"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\nconsole"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("log")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v(" balance "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("The actual "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" module has organised the native code into granular methods for different stages of creating a wallet and for different interactions and use cases for a bitcoin application, like generating, mnemonic, keys, creating wallet for different networks, creating descriptors, creating or restoring wallet, fetching balance, fetching transactions and many other methods. Please refer to the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn#usage",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("user guide in the readme"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" on Github for the complete API. The set of APIs available will grow in the near future as more APIs are added. This article can also be used as a guide to add new methods to the existing bdk-rn project.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The objective of "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" is to enable React Native developers to quickly start developing applications without the need to package BDK as described above.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Be on the lookout for user guides and tutorials on how to build bitcoin applications using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" and "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-flutter")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"references"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#references"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" References")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Creating native modules for Android and iOS: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://reactnative.dev/docs/native-modules-intro",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://reactnative.dev/docs/native-modules-intro"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("React Native Architecture: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.reactnative.guide/3-react-native-internals/3.1-react-native-internals.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://www.reactnative.guide/3-react-native-internals/3.1-react-native-internals.html"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("BDK-Android API: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoindevkit.org/bdk-jvm/bdk-jvm/org.bitcoindevkit/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://bitcoindevkit.org/bdk-jvm/bdk-jvm/org.bitcoindevkit/index.html"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("BDK-RN: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"feedback"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#feedback"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Feedback")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The best way to give feedback on this would be to comment on the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bitcoindevkit.org/pull/107",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("pull request"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" for this blog post.\nThanks in advance.")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);e.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[31],{349:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/BDK-RN-Architecture.42fbc351.png"},350:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/BDK-RN.370f20c3.png"},351:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/android_folder.0ff999be.png"},407:function(t,e,a){"use strict";a.r(e);var n=a(7),s=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,e=t._self._c;return e("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[e("p",[t._v("The "),e("strong",[t._v("BitcoinDevkit")]),t._v("'s "),e("strong",[t._v("React Native")]),t._v(" library ("),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(") makes it easy to develop bitcoin applications for both Android and iOS mobile platforms. Using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(", knowledge of the underlying bitcoin and BDK API is not required and using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" is similar to using any other RN module. The goal is "),e("strong",[t._v("Rapid Bitcoin Application Development")]),t._v(" by doing the heavy lifting in advance and providing a reusable library for other developers to use. Developers simply install using "),e("code",[t._v("yarn add")]),t._v(" and start using it in a React Native Project. The native code, Rust lang implementation, configuration and other setup details are all taken care of by "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This article is "),e("strong",[t._v("NOT a guide on how to use bdk-rn")]),t._v(" to build a bitcoin application, rather this is an insight into how "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" was developed. For help on how to use "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" to develop a bitcoin wallet or application please refer to the user guide in the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn#usage",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("readme"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" on Github. There will be "),e("code",[t._v("how to guides")]),t._v(" published shortly on getting started with "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"react-native-architecture"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#react-native-architecture"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" React Native Architecture")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("At a high level, RN consists of the UI front which is essentially JavaScript which interacts with the native iOS and Android platforms over a bridge. When communicating over the bridge values from JS are converted to native and vice versa.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The native part of RN consists of Android as well as iOS modules and components. The Android and iOS sections are full fledged native projects which interact with the JS side over the native bridge. A RN project has all the build configuraiton required to build both Android and iOS projects.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("For the purpose of making "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(", "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-kotlin")]),t._v(" is used as the native Android module and "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-swift")]),t._v(" as the native iOS module. These are configured and wrapped in a RN Project as part of the platform specific native modules within the RN Project. This RN Project is then built to be a reusable React Native module.")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(349),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"native-integration"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#native-integration"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Native Integration")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("In order to communicate to native modules on Android and iOS, React Native provides React Context API for Java/Kotlin as well as Swift. React Context API are used to build the interface to the native bridge allowing communication from JS to native modules.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("bdk-rn uses React Context API plus some native code to wrap and enhance bdk-kotlin and bdk-swift APIs. The native code calls and interacts with the Android and iOS native modules which interface with the underlying mobile platform.")]),t._v(" "),e("img",{staticStyle:{display:"block",margin:"0 auto",zoom:"20%"},attrs:{src:a(350)}}),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"android-module"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#android-module"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Android Module")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("We will go into the details of how the BDK Android Module is integrated, we wont cover iOS.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Starting off with a basic RN project. This project will be enhanced with bdk-kotlin and bdk-swift binaries and native code. For now lets go into the details for Android, iOS has similar steps to be done in Swift.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The Android native project is located under the root project folder.")]),t._v(" "),e("img",{staticStyle:{display:"block",margin:"0 auto",zoom:"120%"},attrs:{src:a(351)}}),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here we need to add a dependency in "),e("code",[t._v("build.gradle")]),t._v(" for bdk-kotlin's android native binary. This will enable bdk-kotlin to be downloaded and available as one of the native modules.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-javascript extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-javascript"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: build.gradle")]),t._v("\n\nrepositories "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("mavenCentral")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\ndependencies "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("//noinspection GradleDynamicVersion")]),t._v("\n implementation "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'com.facebook.react:react-native:+'")]),t._v("\n\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// bitcoindevkit")]),t._v("\n implementation "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'org.bitcoindevkit:bdk-android:0.7.1'")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("We will create an Android native module which will interact with "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-android")]),t._v(".\nThis is done by adding a new Kotlin file "),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v(" inside "),e("code",[t._v("android/app/src/main/java/com/bdkrn/")]),t._v(" folder")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This will be part of the native code for bdk-rn module.Here a new class will be created to encapsulate the interaction with bitcoindevkit's android native binary.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" android"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("annotation"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("SuppressLint\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" android"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("util"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Log\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Arguments\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Promise "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" Result\n")])])]),e("p",[e("code",[t._v("org.bitcoindevkit")]),t._v(" will also need to be imported here")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" org"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bitcoindevkit"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Wallet "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("as")]),t._v(" BdkWallet\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("To use React Context API "),e("code",[t._v("com.facebook.react.bridge.*")]),t._v(" also needs to be imported")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("*")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("A new class needs to be defined here which will implement the React Context API")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("class")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("BdkRnModule")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ReactApplicationContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n\t"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ReactContextBaseJavaModule")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("override")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getName")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"BdkRnModule"')])]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("With the base imports and class defined, we can start writing methods.\nThis will demonstrate how bdk native module will be called and how values will be returned to JS over the native bridge")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Lets create a method that can be called from JaveScript, to do so we use the "),e("code",[t._v("@ReactMethod")]),t._v(" directive which is part of the React Context API. This will expose the method so that it can be called from JavaScript.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token annotation builtin"}},[t._v("@ReactMethod")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("result"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" Promise"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n \n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("We need one more file to complete our native framework. A new Kotlin file, "),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnPackage.kt")]),t._v(" is required to package all our native code into a new android module, here we specify the name of the file we just crated as the module name("),e("code",[t._v("BdkRnModule")]),t._v("). This can be done by adding the following code:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// File: BdkRnPackage.kt")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ReactPackage\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("NativeModule\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("bridge"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ReactApplicationContext\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" com"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("facebook"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("react"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("uimanager"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("ViewManager\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("class")]),t._v(" BdkRnPackage "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ReactPackage "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("override")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fun")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createNativeModules")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" ReactApplicationContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v("\n MutableList"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("NativeModule"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("return")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("mutableListOf")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("BdkRnModule")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("reactContext"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Now lets add code for creating a wallet in BdkRnModule.kt")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The methods used here are for bdk-kotlin and available in the bdk-kotlin documentation.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("We first create a key info object")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin 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"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("generateExtendedKey")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n Network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("TESTNET"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n WordCount"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("WORDS12"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('""')])]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n \n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// more code to follow...")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create descriptor and change descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create databaseConfig and blockchainconfig")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create wallet")]),t._v("\n \n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Then key info used to create a wallet descriptor and change descriptor:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" descriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" String "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"wpkh("')])]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(" keys"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("xprv "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("+")]),t._v(' "'),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("84")]),t._v("'"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1")]),t._v("'"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v("'"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("/")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("/*)\"\n\nval changeDescriptor: String = descriptor.replace(\"/84'/1'/0'/0/*\",\"/84'/1'/0'/1/*\")\n")])])])]),e("p",[t._v("To create a wallet with bdk we need to specify wallet descriptor, network, a database config, blockchain config. We intend to use bitcoin testnet and want to use default memory for data. For bitcoin node we will use a public electrum server. We will need to define these parameters to create a wallet.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" network "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" `Network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("TESTNET`\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" databaseConfig "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" DatabaseConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("Memory\nblockchainConfig "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v("\n BlockchainConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("Electrum")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ElectrumConfig")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string-literal singleline"}},[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ssl://electrum.blockstream.info:60002"')])]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("null")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" 5u"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("null")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" 10u"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Once done we can use these parameters to create a BDK wallet using the native android BDK library:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("var")]),t._v(" wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" BdkWallet "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("BdkWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n descriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n changeDescriptor"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("setNetwork")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("network"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n databaseConfig"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n config\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("Once we have a wallet initialised, we can call methods on it to sync, generate a new address and to get balance")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[t._v("wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sync")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("ProgressLog"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" maxAddress"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\nwallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getNewAddress")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\nwallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getBalance")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("toLong")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("To return a value from the native android code to React Native’s Javascript side over the JS Native bridge we will use "),e("code",[t._v("com.facebook.react.bridge.Promise")]),t._v(". To return balance information to JS, the following code can be used")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-kotlin extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-kotlin"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("val")]),t._v(" balance"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" String "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("getBalance")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("toLong")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nresult"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("resolve")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("balance"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("At this point we have an Android native module and it can be invoked from JS by calling "),e("code",[t._v("createWallet")]),t._v(" and it will return the balance.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("This project can be imported into any RN project to reuse the defined "),e("code",[t._v("createWallet")]),t._v(" method without the need to carry out the setup described above.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-javascript extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-javascript"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// any js file in React Native")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("import")]),t._v(" BdkRn "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("from")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("'bdk-rn'")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a wallet and retrieve current balance")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("const")]),t._v(" balance "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("await")]),t._v(" BdkRn"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("createWallet")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\nconsole"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("log")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v(" balance "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n\n")])])]),e("p",[t._v("The actual "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" module has organised the native code into granular methods for different stages of creating a wallet and for different interactions and use cases for a bitcoin application, like generating, mnemonic, keys, creating wallet for different networks, creating descriptors, creating or restoring wallet, fetching balance, fetching transactions and many other methods. Please refer to the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn#usage",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("user guide in the readme"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" on Github for the complete API. The set of APIs available will grow in the near future as more APIs are added. This article can also be used as a guide to add new methods to the existing bdk-rn project.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The objective of "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" is to enable React Native developers to quickly start developing applications without the need to package BDK as described above.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Be on the lookout for user guides and tutorials on how to build bitcoin applications using "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-rn")]),t._v(" and "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-flutter")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"references"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#references"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" References")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Creating native modules for Android and iOS: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://reactnative.dev/docs/native-modules-intro",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://reactnative.dev/docs/native-modules-intro"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("React Native Architecture: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.reactnative.guide/3-react-native-internals/3.1-react-native-internals.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://www.reactnative.guide/3-react-native-internals/3.1-react-native-internals.html"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("BDK-Android API: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoindevkit.org/bdk-jvm/bdk-jvm/org.bitcoindevkit/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://bitcoindevkit.org/bdk-jvm/bdk-jvm/org.bitcoindevkit/index.html"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("BDK-RN: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("https://github.com/LtbLightning/bdk-rn"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"feedback"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#feedback"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Feedback")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The best way to give feedback on this would be to comment on the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bitcoindevkit.org/pull/107",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("pull request"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" for this blog post.\nThanks in advance.")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);e.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/34.bd646c17.js b/assets/js/34.bcda3410.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/34.bd646c17.js rename to assets/js/34.bcda3410.js index d0e1cfd28c..e835d9c372 100644 --- a/assets/js/34.bd646c17.js +++ b/assets/js/34.bcda3410.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[34],{349:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/descriptor-tracker.5942c853.jpg"},350:function(t,e,a){t.exports=a.p+"assets/img/checkpoints.a4179787.jpg"},408:function(t,e,a){"use strict";a.r(e);var s=a(7),n=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var t=this,e=t._self._c;return e("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[e("p",[t._v("The Bitcoin Devkit (BDK) lets you do a lot of useful things through convenient high level\nabstractions. It works great when these abstractions map nicely onto what you are trying to do. My\ngoal is to develop a new "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" library for when they don't. I want "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" to expose all the\nuseful "),e("em",[t._v("mechanisms")]),t._v(" that BDK has inside it without them being tied to any particular usage "),e("em",[t._v("policy")]),t._v("\nand with very minimal dependencies.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(' idea is still "in the lab". We\'re not sure yet whether '),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" will just be what's\nleft of "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" once we spin off all the components that have extra dependencies into their own crates\nand refine it a bit. In that case "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" will just be called "),e("code",[t._v("bdk v1.0.0")]),t._v(" or something. Or it might\nbe that "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" lives on with its current APIs and uses stuff "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" to implement it internally.")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-separation-of-policy-and-mechanism"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-separation-of-policy-and-mechanism"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" The separation of policy and mechanism")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("My guiding principle for "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" is the "),e("em",[t._v("separation of policy and mechanism")]),t._v(". This is\nwhat I mean by these terms:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[e("em",[t._v("mechanism")]),t._v(": How you do a particular thing. Mechanism code is functional and doesn't change much.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("em",[t._v("policy")]),t._v(": What you want to do. Policy code composes mechanisms to achieve something in\nan application.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here's a nice passage about why the designers of the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("X window system"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" applied this principle. X has\nbeen around since 1984 and doesn't look like it's going anywhere so it probably has a lot to teach us.\nFrom "),e("em",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Unix_Programming",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("The Art of UNIX Programming"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("...we observed that the designers of X made a basic decision to implement “mechanism, not policy”—to\nmake X a generic graphics engine and leave decisions about user-interface style to toolkits and\nother levels of the system. We justified this by pointing out that policy and mechanism tend to\nmutate on different timescales, with policy changing much faster than mechanism. Fashions in the\nlook and feel of GUI toolkits may come and go, but raster operations and compositing are forever.")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("Thus, hardwiring policy and mechanism together has two bad effects: It makes policy rigid and\nharder to change in response to user requirements, and it means that trying to change policy has a\nstrong tendency to destabilize the mechanisms.")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("On the other hand, by separating the two we make it\npossible to experiment with new policy without breaking mechanisms. We also make it much easier to\nwrite good tests for the mechanism (policy, because it ages so quickly, often does not justify the\ninvestment).")])]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("[ ] > This design rule has wide application outside the GUI context. In general, it implies that we")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("should look for ways to separate interfaces from engines.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("You'll notice we have a similar situation in Bitcoin engineering. We have mechanism code like\nsigning algorithms, key derivation, transaction construction logic, etc., that don't change much. But\nhow these compose together in applications changes quickly over time and between applications.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The main culprit of policy and mechanism conflation in "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" is the main "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/struct.Wallet.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" type.\nWallets do all of the following:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("Store one or two descriptors (external and optional internal).")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of which addresses you've given out so you only give out fresh ones from each descriptor.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep a list of transactions associated with the addresses in the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given a source of blockchain data it can update its internal list of transactions.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given some parameters it can build a PSBT from transaction outputs.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given a PSBT it can sign it with its "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/signer/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Signers")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("All of that is very useful but it is bound together with the particular policies and opinions of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(".\nIf "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v("'s policy is not your policy it's going to be tricky to get it to do what you want.\nHere are some examples:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("In order to control how the "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" will select coins for a transaction internally you have to\npass in something implementing the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/coin_selection/trait.CoinSelectionAlgorithm.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("CoinSelectionAlgorithm")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait. A coin selection algorithm\nis clearly mechanism code but the policy of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" restricts that mechanism's interface. We\nhave "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/281",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("very old issues"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" related to what the\ninterface of this trait should be and we don't have a clear way forward. In "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to\npurely provide the coin selection mechanisms for figuring out whether you need to select more\nUTXOs or whether you need a change output etc. How you use that mechanism will be up to you.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Another trait that has a similar structure is the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/signer/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Signer")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait. You have to pass in signers\nso your wallet can sign PSBTs but you have little control over how the wallet chooses which\nsigners to use in any given situation. Right now the wallet will just iterate through all the\nsigners and ask them to sign. This is not always appropriate. In "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to provide\nfunctions for populating PSBTs given something that can sign. You'll be in control of when they\nget called.")])]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"a-syncing-mechansim-without-the-policy"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#a-syncing-mechansim-without-the-policy"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" A syncing mechansim without the policy")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Syncing in "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" is the place where the design of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" is most restrictive. The "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/blockchain/trait.WalletSync.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\ntrait forces you to sync all addresses in a wallet in one big batch. But this is not always what you\nwant to do. I spoke to a developer who wanted to sync his wallet slowly over time with each address\nbeing queried over a different Tor connection. It would be really difficult to implement\n"),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" with such a strategy. Another example where "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" isn't the right fit is the\n"),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://l2.technology/sensei",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Sensei"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" project which uses BDK but incrementally updates the database whenever new information\ncomes in from the blockchain.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Even if syncing all addresses at the same time is roughly what you want to do "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" still\ngets in the way since it defines whether you do it synchronously or asynchrononusly. Applications\ncan control this through "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v("'s "),e("code",[t._v("async-interface")]),t._v(" feature flag which internally changes the trait\ndefinition through macros. Another annoyance is that when using "),e("code",[t._v("async-interface")]),t._v(" the future that\ngets returned from "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/165",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("cannot be "),e("code",[t._v("Send")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\nbecause of how "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" handles database mutability internally, meaning you can't spawn the future\ninto a new thread.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"a-general-syncing-mechanism"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#a-general-syncing-mechanism"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" A general syncing mechanism")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("So what is the most general syncing mechanism that solves these problems? These are the things I\nthink it has to do regardless of where the blockchain data comes from or how it's stored:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("Generate and store addresses.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Index transaction data, e.g. transaction outputs we own, when/if they were spent, etc.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of which addresses have been given out and which have been used.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v('Be able to "roll back" our view of the above data if a reorg makes some of it stale.')]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of transactions related our addresses in our mempool.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Let's talk about how to implement a mechanism that does all that.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"how-to-store-and-index-transactions"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#how-to-store-and-index-transactions"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" How to store and index transactions")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Different persistent storage backends have different APIs and their own indexing strategies. That's\nwhy the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/database/trait.Database.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Database")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait exists in BDK, to make a clean API to the different storage engines. It's\nimportant to note that the database in BDK only holds public data that could always be retrieved\nfrom the chain. It's just a cache. Despite this we support different backends. Right now it is a\nlot of work to add a new index to the data since you have to add it to every backend and you might have\nto apply schema changes (we still "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/359",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("don't have a standard approach to\nthis"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(").")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Thomas Eizinger "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/165#issuecomment-1047483895",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("suggested"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\ndoing everything in memory and only writing to persistent storage when it was convenient. It took me\nsome time but I came around to this idea. It would allow us to get rid of the "),e("code",[t._v("Database")]),t._v(" trait (at\nleast at the "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" level) and greatly simplify what the persistent storage layer has to do.\nWhenever the data is loaded from persistent storage we can just do the indexing in memory and\npresent it to the application.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[e("em",[t._v("But wait! Wouldn't this mean we'd use way more memory than we need to?")]),t._v(" Yes but memory is cheap.\nConsider that if we say the average transaction size is 300 bytes then with all our indexes each\ntransaction might cost 1kb of memory (pessimistically). This means we could index one thousand\ntransactions in a single megabyte! My iPhone has 4gb of memory so it could index a million\ntransactions with plenty of memory to spare. "),e("em",[t._v("But what if some users can't afford an iPhone?")]),t._v(" Then\nthey also couldn't have afforded to have made a million Bitcoin transactions! "),e("em",[t._v("But what about memory\nconstrained devices like hardware wallets!?")]),t._v(" Those devices typically don't store and retrieve\ntransactions. They're usually just signing devices. Perhaps one day someone will build a memory\nconstrained device that needs to do this work but until then I think this is a fine approach to\ntake.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("For now I'm calling this thing that does the in-memory indexing of transactions related to a single\ndescriptor a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(". Here's a diagram that communicates how I imagine it relates to the\nother components.")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(349),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"rolling-back-rolling-forward-and-syncing-to-disk"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rolling-back-rolling-forward-and-syncing-to-disk"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Rolling back, rolling forward and syncing to disk")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("State changes in blockchains are clearly delineated. They all happen in blocks! Every view of the\nblockchain, whether you're getting it through compact block filters, an electrum server or something\nwacky like a utreexo bridge will have a concept of blocks and transactions in them. For a wallet we\nonly need a very sparse view of the blockchain that includes at which block a set of transactions\nexisted. That way, if a block disappears we know that all those transactions might disappear too.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("With "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to introduce the concept of a "),e("em",[t._v("checkpoint")]),t._v(", which is a block height and hash and\na set of txids that were present at that height "),e("strong",[t._v("but not present in the previous checkpoint")]),t._v(". In\nthis way we create an append-only data structure that can easily be rolled back to a previous height\nif there is a reorg. After rolling back we can then roll forward and apply the new blocks.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here's an example of how this idea works:")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(350),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("There are a few edge cases I'd like to cover:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("What if when gathering new data from the chain to update a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" we find an old transaction that belongs to an earlier checkpoint that we had missed form our earlier syncs?")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("What if when we go to write to persistent storage from a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" we find that it has some transactions the tracker doesn't? Should we try and reconcile the two sets of transactions?")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("I think the correct approach is to treat the chain data as the source of truth for the\n"),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" and the "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" as the source of truth for persistent storage. That\nis in the case of (1) we should just rollback the "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" and insert the old but\nrecently discovered transaction in the right place. In the case of (2) we should roll back the\npersistent storage to the point where it differs and apply changes from there. This implies that you\nshould only keep one instance of a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" for a descriptor in your application and only\nupdate persistent storage by first applying the changes to the tracker.")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"examples"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#examples"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Examples")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here are some examples of what I think this may end up looking like in code. Keep in mind that if\nthis looks complicated it will probably be more complicated in practice! This doesn't mean that we\ncan't create simplifying abstractions and tools around these primitives to cover common policies. I hope we can implement "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" with "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v("s internally.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"doing-an-initial-sync-of-a-descriptor-that-may-already-contain-coins"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#doing-an-initial-sync-of-a-descriptor-that-may-already-contain-coins"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Doing an initial sync of a descriptor that may already contain coins")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("When we first sync a descriptor that may already contain coins we want to iterate over all the\nscripts of the wallet and then stop if there's a big enough gap (e.g. 20). In this example we use an\nstateless "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/docs/api/rest",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("esplora-like API"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a descriptor tracker the external addresses of a BIP86 key")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" tracker "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v("\"tr([73c5da0a/86'/0'/0']xpub6BgBgsespWvERF3LHQu6CnqdvfEvtMcQjYrcRzx53QJjSxarj2afYWcLteoGVky7D3UKDP9QyrLprQ3VCECoY49yfdDEHGCtMMj92pReUsQ/0/*)\"")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" esplora "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("bdk_esplora"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Client")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" update "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" esplora"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("fetch_related_transactions")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("bdk_esplora"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Params")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// iterate over all addresses in a descriptor")]),t._v("\n scripts"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("tracker"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("iter_scripts")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// stop if you find a gap of 20 unused addresses")]),t._v("\n stop_gap"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("20")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Default")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("default")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("await")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("?")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\ntracker"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("apply_update")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("update"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("?")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// now we want to persist this disk")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" db_update "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" tracker"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("generate_update")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Params")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n start_checkpoint"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Note that the db_update type is the same as the `update` above.")]),t._v("\nmy_db"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("apply_update")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("db_update"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"doing-a-sync-of-a-wallet-after-you-already-have-syncd"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#doing-a-sync-of-a-wallet-after-you-already-have-syncd"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Doing a sync of a wallet after you already have sync'd")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Now imagine you just want to check if any UTXOs in your wallet have been spent. In this case we've\nalready sync'd before so we need to load that data into the tracker from disk first (rather than\ngoing straight to the blockchain). Then we just ask esplora for transactions related to these\ntransaction outputs.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a descriptor tracker the external addresses of a BIP86 key")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" tracker "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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do a lot of useful things through convenient high level\nabstractions. It works great when these abstractions map nicely onto what you are trying to do. My\ngoal is to develop a new "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" library for when they don't. I want "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" to expose all the\nuseful "),e("em",[t._v("mechanisms")]),t._v(" that BDK has inside it without them being tied to any particular usage "),e("em",[t._v("policy")]),t._v("\nand with very minimal dependencies.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(' idea is still "in the lab". We\'re not sure yet whether '),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" will just be what's\nleft of "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" once we spin off all the components that have extra dependencies into their own crates\nand refine it a bit. In that case "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" will just be called "),e("code",[t._v("bdk v1.0.0")]),t._v(" or something. Or it might\nbe that "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" lives on with its current APIs and uses stuff "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" to implement it internally.")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-separation-of-policy-and-mechanism"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-separation-of-policy-and-mechanism"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" The separation of policy and mechanism")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("My guiding principle for "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" is the "),e("em",[t._v("separation of policy and mechanism")]),t._v(". This is\nwhat I mean by these terms:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[e("em",[t._v("mechanism")]),t._v(": How you do a particular thing. Mechanism code is functional and doesn't change much.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("em",[t._v("policy")]),t._v(": What you want to do. Policy code composes mechanisms to achieve something in\nan application.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here's a nice passage about why the designers of the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("X window system"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" applied this principle. X has\nbeen around since 1984 and doesn't look like it's going anywhere so it probably has a lot to teach us.\nFrom "),e("em",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Unix_Programming",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("The Art of UNIX Programming"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("...we observed that the designers of X made a basic decision to implement “mechanism, not policy”—to\nmake X a generic graphics engine and leave decisions about user-interface style to toolkits and\nother levels of the system. We justified this by pointing out that policy and mechanism tend to\nmutate on different timescales, with policy changing much faster than mechanism. Fashions in the\nlook and feel of GUI toolkits may come and go, but raster operations and compositing are forever.")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("Thus, hardwiring policy and mechanism together has two bad effects: It makes policy rigid and\nharder to change in response to user requirements, and it means that trying to change policy has a\nstrong tendency to destabilize the mechanisms.")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("On the other hand, by separating the two we make it\npossible to experiment with new policy without breaking mechanisms. We also make it much easier to\nwrite good tests for the mechanism (policy, because it ages so quickly, often does not justify the\ninvestment).")])]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("[ ] > This design rule has wide application outside the GUI context. In general, it implies that we")])]),t._v(" "),e("blockquote",[e("p",[t._v("should look for ways to separate interfaces from engines.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("You'll notice we have a similar situation in Bitcoin engineering. We have mechanism code like\nsigning algorithms, key derivation, transaction construction logic, etc., that don't change much. But\nhow these compose together in applications changes quickly over time and between applications.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("The main culprit of policy and mechanism conflation in "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" is the main "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/struct.Wallet.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" type.\nWallets do all of the following:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("Store one or two descriptors (external and optional internal).")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of which addresses you've given out so you only give out fresh ones from each descriptor.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep a list of transactions associated with the addresses in the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given a source of blockchain data it can update its internal list of transactions.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given some parameters it can build a PSBT from transaction outputs.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Given a PSBT it can sign it with its "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/signer/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Signers")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("All of that is very useful but it is bound together with the particular policies and opinions of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(".\nIf "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v("'s policy is not your policy it's going to be tricky to get it to do what you want.\nHere are some examples:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("In order to control how the "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" will select coins for a transaction internally you have to\npass in something implementing the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/coin_selection/trait.CoinSelectionAlgorithm.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("CoinSelectionAlgorithm")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait. A coin selection algorithm\nis clearly mechanism code but the policy of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" restricts that mechanism's interface. We\nhave "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/281",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("very old issues"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" related to what the\ninterface of this trait should be and we don't have a clear way forward. In "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to\npurely provide the coin selection mechanisms for figuring out whether you need to select more\nUTXOs or whether you need a change output etc. How you use that mechanism will be up to you.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Another trait that has a similar structure is the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/wallet/signer/index.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Signer")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait. You have to pass in signers\nso your wallet can sign PSBTs but you have little control over how the wallet chooses which\nsigners to use in any given situation. Right now the wallet will just iterate through all the\nsigners and ask them to sign. This is not always appropriate. In "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to provide\nfunctions for populating PSBTs given something that can sign. You'll be in control of when they\nget called.")])]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"a-syncing-mechansim-without-the-policy"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#a-syncing-mechansim-without-the-policy"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" A syncing mechansim without the policy")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Syncing in "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" is the place where the design of "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" is most restrictive. The "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/blockchain/trait.WalletSync.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\ntrait forces you to sync all addresses in a wallet in one big batch. But this is not always what you\nwant to do. I spoke to a developer who wanted to sync his wallet slowly over time with each address\nbeing queried over a different Tor connection. It would be really difficult to implement\n"),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" with such a strategy. Another example where "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" isn't the right fit is the\n"),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://l2.technology/sensei",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Sensei"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" project which uses BDK but incrementally updates the database whenever new information\ncomes in from the blockchain.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Even if syncing all addresses at the same time is roughly what you want to do "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" still\ngets in the way since it defines whether you do it synchronously or asynchrononusly. Applications\ncan control this through "),e("code",[t._v("bdk")]),t._v("'s "),e("code",[t._v("async-interface")]),t._v(" feature flag which internally changes the trait\ndefinition through macros. Another annoyance is that when using "),e("code",[t._v("async-interface")]),t._v(" the future that\ngets returned from "),e("code",[t._v("WalletSync")]),t._v(" "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/165",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("cannot be "),e("code",[t._v("Send")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\nbecause of how "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" handles database mutability internally, meaning you can't spawn the future\ninto a new thread.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"a-general-syncing-mechanism"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#a-general-syncing-mechanism"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" A general syncing mechanism")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("So what is the most general syncing mechanism that solves these problems? These are the things I\nthink it has to do regardless of where the blockchain data comes from or how it's stored:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("Generate and store addresses.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Index transaction data, e.g. transaction outputs we own, when/if they were spent, etc.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of which addresses have been given out and which have been used.")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v('Be able to "roll back" our view of the above data if a reorg makes some of it stale.')]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Keep track of transactions related our addresses in our mempool.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Let's talk about how to implement a mechanism that does all that.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"how-to-store-and-index-transactions"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#how-to-store-and-index-transactions"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" How to store and index transactions")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Different persistent storage backends have different APIs and their own indexing strategies. That's\nwhy the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/database/trait.Database.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("Database")]),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" trait exists in BDK, to make a clean API to the different storage engines. It's\nimportant to note that the database in BDK only holds public data that could always be retrieved\nfrom the chain. It's just a cache. Despite this we support different backends. Right now it is a\nlot of work to add a new index to the data since you have to add it to every backend and you might have\nto apply schema changes (we still "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/359",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("don't have a standard approach to\nthis"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(").")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Thomas Eizinger "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues/165#issuecomment-1047483895",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("suggested"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v("\ndoing everything in memory and only writing to persistent storage when it was convenient. It took me\nsome time but I came around to this idea. It would allow us to get rid of the "),e("code",[t._v("Database")]),t._v(" trait (at\nleast at the "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" level) and greatly simplify what the persistent storage layer has to do.\nWhenever the data is loaded from persistent storage we can just do the indexing in memory and\npresent it to the application.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[e("em",[t._v("But wait! Wouldn't this mean we'd use way more memory than we need to?")]),t._v(" Yes but memory is cheap.\nConsider that if we say the average transaction size is 300 bytes then with all our indexes each\ntransaction might cost 1kb of memory (pessimistically). This means we could index one thousand\ntransactions in a single megabyte! My iPhone has 4gb of memory so it could index a million\ntransactions with plenty of memory to spare. "),e("em",[t._v("But what if some users can't afford an iPhone?")]),t._v(" Then\nthey also couldn't have afforded to have made a million Bitcoin transactions! "),e("em",[t._v("But what about memory\nconstrained devices like hardware wallets!?")]),t._v(" Those devices typically don't store and retrieve\ntransactions. They're usually just signing devices. Perhaps one day someone will build a memory\nconstrained device that needs to do this work but until then I think this is a fine approach to\ntake.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("For now I'm calling this thing that does the in-memory indexing of transactions related to a single\ndescriptor a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(". Here's a diagram that communicates how I imagine it relates to the\nother components.")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(352),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"rolling-back-rolling-forward-and-syncing-to-disk"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rolling-back-rolling-forward-and-syncing-to-disk"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Rolling back, rolling forward and syncing to disk")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("State changes in blockchains are clearly delineated. They all happen in blocks! Every view of the\nblockchain, whether you're getting it through compact block filters, an electrum server or something\nwacky like a utreexo bridge will have a concept of blocks and transactions in them. For a wallet we\nonly need a very sparse view of the blockchain that includes at which block a set of transactions\nexisted. That way, if a block disappears we know that all those transactions might disappear too.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("With "),e("code",[t._v("bdk_core")]),t._v(" I want to introduce the concept of a "),e("em",[t._v("checkpoint")]),t._v(", which is a block height and hash and\na set of txids that were present at that height "),e("strong",[t._v("but not present in the previous checkpoint")]),t._v(". In\nthis way we create an append-only data structure that can easily be rolled back to a previous height\nif there is a reorg. After rolling back we can then roll forward and apply the new blocks.")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here's an example of how this idea works:")]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:a(353),alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("There are a few edge cases I'd like to cover:")]),t._v(" "),e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("What if when gathering new data from the chain to update a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" we find an old transaction that belongs to an earlier checkpoint that we had missed form our earlier syncs?")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("What if when we go to write to persistent storage from a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" we find that it has some transactions the tracker doesn't? Should we try and reconcile the two sets of transactions?")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("I think the correct approach is to treat the chain data as the source of truth for the\n"),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" and the "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" as the source of truth for persistent storage. That\nis in the case of (1) we should just rollback the "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" and insert the old but\nrecently discovered transaction in the right place. In the case of (2) we should roll back the\npersistent storage to the point where it differs and apply changes from there. This implies that you\nshould only keep one instance of a "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v(" for a descriptor in your application and only\nupdate persistent storage by first applying the changes to the tracker.")]),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"examples"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#examples"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Examples")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Here are some examples of what I think this may end up looking like in code. Keep in mind that if\nthis looks complicated it will probably be more complicated in practice! This doesn't mean that we\ncan't create simplifying abstractions and tools around these primitives to cover common policies. I hope we can implement "),e("code",[t._v("Wallet")]),t._v(" with "),e("code",[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),t._v("s internally.")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"doing-an-initial-sync-of-a-descriptor-that-may-already-contain-coins"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#doing-an-initial-sync-of-a-descriptor-that-may-already-contain-coins"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Doing an initial sync of a descriptor that may already contain coins")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("When we first sync a descriptor that may already contain coins we want to iterate over all the\nscripts of the wallet and then stop if there's a big enough gap (e.g. 20). In this example we use an\nstateless "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/docs/api/rest",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("esplora-like API"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a descriptor tracker the external addresses of a BIP86 key")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" tracker "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"doing-a-sync-of-a-wallet-after-you-already-have-syncd"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#doing-a-sync-of-a-wallet-after-you-already-have-syncd"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Doing a sync of a wallet after you already have sync'd")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Now imagine you just want to check if any UTXOs in your wallet have been spent. In this case we've\nalready sync'd before so we need to load that data into the tracker from disk first (rather than\ngoing straight to the blockchain). Then we just ask esplora for transactions related to these\ntransaction outputs.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a descriptor tracker the external addresses of a BIP86 key")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" tracker "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("DescriptorTracker")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"updating-state-when-you-get-the-data-in-real-time"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#updating-state-when-you-get-the-data-in-real-time"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Updating state when you get the data in real time")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("If you have an event based view of the blockchain that feeds you block connected or block\ndisconnected events then I imagine the API would look something like this.\nThere's quite a bit left out here but I hope you get the idea.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// create a descriptor tracker the external addresses of a BIP86 key")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" 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A fantastic event with many users of BDK present!")])]),e._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"bdk-in-the-wild"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk-in-the-wild"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" BDK in the Wild")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("In Q2, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitkey.world/en-US",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Bitkey"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" open sourced their app, making it one of the biggest users of BDK on mobile.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.bullbitcoin.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Bull Bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" released their "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bullbitcoin.mobile",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Android app"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" based on the bdk-flutter library at the Canadian Bitcoin Conference in Montreal!")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=o.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[48],{401:function(e,t,n){"use strict";n.r(t);var i=n(7),o=Object(i.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("The bitcoindevkit team has been hard at work for Q2 in 2024, pushing to stabilize the API of its "),t("code",[e._v("bdk_wallet")]),e._v(" crate and releasing 4 new alpha versions (9, 10, 11, and 12!), and aiming to release a 1.0 beta in July. 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Q2 is funding 2 projects in particular:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("strong",[e._v("Wei Chen.")]),e._v(" Wei has been contributing to BDK since late 2023 and was formerly a full stack Java developer based in Washington D.C. with ten years of experience. The focus of his contributions will be towards assisting with the restructuring of the electrum crate, reengineering of the TxGraph data components to simplify the tracking of lineal conflicts, as well as on performance optimization and the continued debugging of BDK.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("strong",[e._v("Manuel Gatti.")]),e._v(" Manuel is a Project Manager at Wizard Sardine. He is involved in some educational projects related to bitcoin in Italy and hosts an Italian podcast about libertarian philosophy with episodes dedicated to bitcoin as a tool for freedom. He has been contributing to BDK since April 2023 mostly on the project management side (holding calls, helping with triage and prioritization, updating stakeholders). His project consists of conducting user interviews in order to get feedback on BDK usage and possible pain points with the aim to help the team with the definition and prioritization of the development activities.")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("We've also been active at conferences!")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("Evan made his way to South Korea to host a workshop at the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.bitcoinseoul.kr/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Bitcoin Seoul"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" conference.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Evan and ValuedMammal also made their way to the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://btcplusplus.dev/conf/ba24",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bitcoin++ conference in Buenos Aires"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" to talk about BDK.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("thunderbiscuit was in Montreal for the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://canadianbitcoinconf.com",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Canadian Bitcoin Conference"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" again this year. A fantastic event with many users of BDK present!")])]),e._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"bdk-in-the-wild"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk-in-the-wild"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" BDK in the Wild")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("In Q2, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitkey.world/en-US",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Bitkey"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" open sourced their app, making it one of the biggest users of BDK on mobile.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.bullbitcoin.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Bull Bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" released their "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bullbitcoin.mobile",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Android app"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" based on the bdk-flutter library at the Canadian Bitcoin Conference in Montreal!")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=o.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/49.3295c4d3.js b/assets/js/49.5320af3f.js similarity index 98% rename from assets/js/49.3295c4d3.js rename to assets/js/49.5320af3f.js index ca31ba948a..697065556b 100644 --- a/assets/js/49.3295c4d3.js +++ b/assets/js/49.5320af3f.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[49],{401:function(i,e,t){"use strict";t.r(e);var o=t(7),n=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var i=this,e=i._self._c;return e("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":i.$parent.slotKey}},[e("p",[i._v("The Bitcoin Dev Kit (BDK) Foundation is seeking proposals for a full-time Rust maintainer to support the ongoing development and maintenance of the BDK suite of open source software. 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The audit scope included some reasonable simplifying assumptions, such as trusting that the Electrum or Esplora servers to which BDK wallets connect are not malicious. However, Antoine went above and beyond and also recommended a few simple fixes we can do to guard against certain types of bad server behavior.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("While no critical defects were identified, a potential denial of service/performance issue was uncovered, along with opportunities to improve the code's fault tolerance and API documentation. The team is currently addressing the performance issue, as well as some of the more straightforward recommendations. All suggested improvements have been "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues?q=is%3Aissue+label%3Aaudit",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("added to our issues backlog"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" for future releases.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("If you are a user or potential user of BDK, or a Bitcoin Rust developer, we would love to hear your feedback. Please reach out on the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://discord.gg/dstn4dQ",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("BDK Discord"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" or comment on individual "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("GitHub issues"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". As a fully free and open-source project, the BDK team relies on YOU our community of users and contributors to help us deliver the best Bitcoin wallet library possible.")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/52.f9926737.js b/assets/js/52.e659a449.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/52.f9926737.js rename to assets/js/52.e659a449.js index 035bf862c2..2723b3148b 100644 --- a/assets/js/52.f9926737.js +++ b/assets/js/52.e659a449.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[52],{405:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(7),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return s("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[s("h2",{attrs:{id:"introduction"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#introduction"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Introduction")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("BDK wallet developer library can be used to easily deploy wallets with various kinds of blockchain backend support, like "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/romanz/electrs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("electrum")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/Blockstream/esplora",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("esplora")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", "),s("code",[t._v("compact-filters")]),t._v(" ("),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("BIP157"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(") etc. With the latest release of BDK "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/releases/tag/v0.10.0",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("v0.10.0")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", BDK now supports Bitcoin Core as a blockchain backend. 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Now we have nice descriptors strings handy to use for our BDK wallet construction.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"talking-to-bitcoin-core-programmatically"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#talking-to-bitcoin-core-programmatically"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Talking to Bitcoin Core Programmatically")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Like all other tutorials we will use two wallets to send coins back and forth. A Bitcoin Core wallet accessible via "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-cli")]),t._v(" command line tools, and a BDK wallet maintained by BDK library.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("But unlike other tutorials, we won't be using "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-cli")]),t._v(" to talk to the Core wallet (we can, but let's spice things up). Instead, we will use the "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-rpc")]),t._v(" library, to talk with our core node listening at "),s("code",[t._v("127.0.0.1:18443")]),t._v(", from inside our main function. This will allow us to write code, that will handle both the core and BDK wallet, from inside of the same function, and we won't have to switch terminals!")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Remember we imported "),s("code",[t._v("use bdk::bitcoincore_rpc::{Auth as rpc_auth, Client, RpcApi};")]),t._v("? Thats exactly for this purpose.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Start the "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoind")]),t._v(" node.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("you should see bitcoind listening at port 18443")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sudo")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("netstat")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("-nptl")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("grep")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("18443")]),t._v(" \ntcp "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_rpc "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Client")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"http://127.0.0.1:18443/wallet/test"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" rpc_auth"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro property"}},[t._v("println!")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"{:#?}"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_blockchain_info")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("We have provided our RPC authentication "),s("code",[t._v("username")]),t._v(" and "),s("code",[t._v("password")]),t._v(" (same as provided in "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin.conf")]),t._v(" file).\nWe have provided the RPC address of our local bitcoin node, with the path to a wallet file, named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". And then asked the rpc client to give us the current blockchain info.\nIf everything goes well, running "),s("code",[t._v("cargo run")]),t._v(" you should see an output like below:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\nGetBlockchainInfoResult "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n chain: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"regtest"')]),t._v(",\n blocks: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n headers: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n best_block_hash: 0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206,\n difficulty: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0.00000000046565423739069247")]),t._v(",\n median_time: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1296688602")]),t._v(",\n verification_progress: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1.0")]),t._v(",\n initial_block_download: true,\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Thats it. Now we can programmatically talk to our core node.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"get-some-balance-in-core-wallet"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#get-some-balance-in-core-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Get some balance in core wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We have told our rpc client that we would use a wallet named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". But currently, our core node doesn't have such a wallet. So let's create the wallet and fund it with some test coins.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the test wallet ")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("create_wallet")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"test"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Get a new address")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_new_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Generate 101 blocks and use the above address as coinbase")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("generate_to_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("101")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("core_address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// fetch the new balance")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_balance "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_balance")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Show balance")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro property"}},[t._v("println!")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"core balance: {:#?}"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" core_balance"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("This will create a wallet in bitcoin core named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". generate 101 blocks and use a new address from the wallet as coinbase wallet. Because required coinbase maturity in bitcoin is 100 blocks, by generating 101 blocks, we will have the balance of the first coinbase block reward available for use.\nThe last "),s("code",[t._v("println!()")]),t._v(" statement will show the new updated balance as 50 BTC.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\ncore balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50.00000000")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" \n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Great! We now have 50 regtest BTC to play with.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"setup-the-bdk-wallet"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#setup-the-bdk-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Setup the BDK wallet")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we are done setting up the core wallet. The last remaining step is to setup the BDK wallet. For this we will use the previous descriptor generation function and write code as below.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[s("strong",[t._v("Note")]),t._v(": You might want to comment out the previous code in "),s("code",[t._v("main()")]),t._v(", as running them again will create more coins in core, which isn't an issue, but might be confusing.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Get receive and change descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_descriptors")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use deterministic wallet name derived from descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet_name "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Secp256k1")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the datadir to store wallet data")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" 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They are divided into logical sections. Let's discuss each step one by one.")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("First we used our previous "),s("code",[t._v("get_descriptors()")]),t._v(" function to generate two descriptor strings. One for generating receive addresses and one for change addresses.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then we used a special function from BDK called "),s("code",[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor()")]),t._v(" to derive a name of the wallet from our descriptors. This allows us to have wallet names deterministically linked with descriptors. So in future if we use a different descriptor, the wallet will automatically have a different name. This allows us to not mix wallet names with same descriptor, and given the descriptors we can always determine what was the name we used. It is recommended to derive wallet names like this while using a core backend. Note that this wallet will be created inside the core node. So just like we accessed the "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(" wallet, we could also access this wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then we created a data directory at path "),s("code",[t._v("/home/username/.bdk-example")]),t._v(". We use "),s("code",[t._v("dirs_next")]),t._v(" to find our home path, and then appended that with "),s("code",[t._v(".bdk-example")]),t._v(". All the BDK wallet files will be created and maintained in that directory. In the Database we instructed BDK to create a new "),s("code",[t._v("Tree")]),t._v(" with "),s("code",[t._v("wallet_name")]),t._v(", so given a descriptor, BDK will always know which DB Tree to refer ("),s("code",[t._v("Tree")]),t._v(" is a "),s("code",[t._v("sled")]),t._v(" specific term).")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then like we did previously, we created the rpc username/password authentication, and specified the rpc url. Note that we cannot use the same "),s("code",[t._v("rpc_auth")]),t._v(" we used before for "),s("code",[t._v("core_rpc")]),t._v(" as BDK auth and bitcoin-rpc auth are slightly separate structures.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We combined all this information and created an "),s("code",[t._v("RpcConfig")]),t._v(" structure.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We used the rpc configuration to create a "),s("code",[t._v("RpcBlockchain")]),t._v(" structure.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Finally we used the Descriptors, Database, and Blockchain to create our final BDK "),s("code",[t._v("wallet")]),t._v(" structure.")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we have our wallet cooked, in the end, we instructed it to sync with the bitcoin core backend, and fetch us a new address.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("If all goes well, you should see an address printed in the terminal.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n Finished dev "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("unoptimized + debuginfo"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" target"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v(".99s\n Running "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")]),t._v("target/debug/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")])]),t._v("\nbdk address: bcrt1q9vkmujggvzs0rd4z6069v3v0jucje7ua7ap308\n")])])]),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"sending-sats-around"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sending-sats-around"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Sending Sats Around")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we have covered all the groundwork, we have all we need to send coins back and forth between core and BDK wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We will keep things simple here and make the following actions")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("Send 10 BTC from Core to BDK")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Send back 5 BTC from BDK to Core")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Display balance of two wallets")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("In the last line of previous section we got a new address from BDK wallet. We will start from there. Without further discussion lets jump straight into code.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Fetch a fresh address to receive coins")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("The above code segment is mostly straightforward. The only new thing added is "),s("code",[t._v("wallet.build_tx()")]),t._v(" which returns a "),s("code",[t._v("TxBuilder")]),t._v(". BDK allows us to have very fine grained control of cooking up transactions. Almost everything that is possible to do with a Bitcoin transaction can be done in BDK. Here we have a very simple vanilla transaction with no added magic. To get full list of capabilities that "),s("code",[t._v("TxBuilder")]),t._v(" supports scour its implementation "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/blob/38d1d0b0e29d38cd370c740d798d96a3c9fcaa1f/src/wallet/tx_builder.rs#L123-L153",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("here"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Finally to step through what we did above:")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("We asked core wallet to send 10 BTC to bdk wallet address.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We confirmed the transaction, and synced the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We asked BDK to create a transaction sending 5 BTC to core wallet address.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We signed and broadcast the transaction. BDK will use the same core node to broadcast the transaction to network.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We confirmed the transaction by mining a block, and synced the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We fetched and displayed balance of both core and BDK wallet.")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("If all goes well, you should see the final updated balance as below:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n Compiling bdk-example v0.1.0 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("/home/raj/github-repo/bdk-example/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n Finished dev "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("unoptimized + debuginfo"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" target"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3")]),t._v(".57s\n Running "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")]),t._v("target/debug/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")])]),t._v("\ncore wallet balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("144.99998590")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nBDK wallet balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4.99999859")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Voila! We have ~145 BTC (150 - 5) in core wallet and 5 BTC (10 - 5) in BDK wallet. The slight deficiency in the amount are due to transaction fees. Because we are using regtest, the fee is some standard value hardcoded in core node.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Check out the data directory where BDK has created the wallet data files.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ls")]),t._v(" ~/.bdk-example/\nblobs conf db snap.0000000000023CAB\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("And finally, this is what the final "),s("code",[t._v("main.rs")]),t._v(" file looks like.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("use")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("bdk"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),t._v("bitcoin"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_descriptors")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use deterministic wallet name derived from descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet_name "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Secp256k1")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the datadir to store wallet data")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" datadir "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("dirs_next"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("home_dir")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n datadir"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("push")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('".bdk-example"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" database "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("sled"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("open")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("datadir"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" db_tree "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" database"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("open_tree")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("wallet_name"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("clone")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Set RPC username and password")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" auth "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Auth")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("UserPass")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n username"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"admin"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n password"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"password"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Set RPC url")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" rpc_url "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"http://"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n rpc_url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("push_str")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"127.0.0.1:18443"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Setup the RPC configuration")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" rpc_config "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("RpcConfig")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" rpc_url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n auth"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n network"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n wallet_name"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n skip_blocks"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use the above configuration to create a RPC blockchain backend")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" blockchain "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("RpcBlockchain")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_config")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("rpc_config"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Combine everything and finally create the BDK wallet structure")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Wallet")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" db_tree"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" blockchain"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Sync the wallet")]),t._v("\n wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sync")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("NoopProgress")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Fetch a fresh address to receive coins")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("AddressIndex")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("New")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Send 10 BTC from Core to BDK")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("send_to_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Amount")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_btc")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10.0")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Amount")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_sat")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_balance")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro 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All the backend stuff like blockchain, key management, and databases are abstracted away under the hood.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("To find and explore more about the BDK capabilities and how it can fit your development need refer the following resources.")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("source code"),s("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("dev docs"),s("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),s("li",[s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://discord.com/invite/d7NkDKm",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("community"),s("OutboundLink")],1)])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);s.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[52],{404:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(7),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return s("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[s("h2",{attrs:{id:"introduction"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#introduction"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Introduction")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("BDK wallet developer library can be used to easily deploy wallets with various kinds of blockchain backend support, like "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/romanz/electrs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("electrum")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/Blockstream/esplora",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("esplora")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", "),s("code",[t._v("compact-filters")]),t._v(" ("),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("BIP157"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(") etc. With the latest release of BDK "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/releases/tag/v0.10.0",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("v0.10.0")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(", BDK now supports Bitcoin Core as a blockchain backend. 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Now we have nice descriptors strings handy to use for our BDK wallet construction.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"talking-to-bitcoin-core-programmatically"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#talking-to-bitcoin-core-programmatically"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Talking to Bitcoin Core Programmatically")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Like all other tutorials we will use two wallets to send coins back and forth. A Bitcoin Core wallet accessible via "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-cli")]),t._v(" command line tools, and a BDK wallet maintained by BDK library.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("But unlike other tutorials, we won't be using "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-cli")]),t._v(" to talk to the Core wallet (we can, but let's spice things up). Instead, we will use the "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin-rpc")]),t._v(" library, to talk with our core node listening at "),s("code",[t._v("127.0.0.1:18443")]),t._v(", from inside our main function. This will allow us to write code, that will handle both the core and BDK wallet, from inside of the same function, and we won't have to switch terminals!")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Remember we imported "),s("code",[t._v("use bdk::bitcoincore_rpc::{Auth as rpc_auth, Client, RpcApi};")]),t._v("? Thats exactly for this purpose.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Start the "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoind")]),t._v(" node.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("you should see bitcoind listening at port 18443")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sudo")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("netstat")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("-nptl")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("|")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("grep")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("18443")]),t._v(" \ntcp "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v(" \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_rpc "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Client")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"http://127.0.0.1:18443/wallet/test"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" rpc_auth"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro property"}},[t._v("println!")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"{:#?}"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_blockchain_info")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("We have provided our RPC authentication "),s("code",[t._v("username")]),t._v(" and "),s("code",[t._v("password")]),t._v(" (same as provided in "),s("code",[t._v("bitcoin.conf")]),t._v(" file).\nWe have provided the RPC address of our local bitcoin node, with the path to a wallet file, named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". And then asked the rpc client to give us the current blockchain info.\nIf everything goes well, running "),s("code",[t._v("cargo run")]),t._v(" you should see an output like below:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\nGetBlockchainInfoResult "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n chain: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"regtest"')]),t._v(",\n blocks: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n headers: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n best_block_hash: 0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206,\n difficulty: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0.00000000046565423739069247")]),t._v(",\n median_time: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1296688602")]),t._v(",\n verification_progress: "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("1.0")]),t._v(",\n initial_block_download: true,\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Thats it. Now we can programmatically talk to our core node.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"get-some-balance-in-core-wallet"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#get-some-balance-in-core-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Get some balance in core wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We have told our rpc client that we would use a wallet named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". But currently, our core node doesn't have such a wallet. So let's create the wallet and fund it with some test coins.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the test wallet ")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("create_wallet")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"test"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Get a new address")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_new_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Generate 101 blocks and use the above address as coinbase")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("generate_to_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("101")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("core_address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// fetch the new balance")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" core_balance "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_balance")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Show balance")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro property"}},[t._v("println!")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"core balance: {:#?}"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" core_balance"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("This will create a wallet in bitcoin core named "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(". generate 101 blocks and use a new address from the wallet as coinbase wallet. Because required coinbase maturity in bitcoin is 100 blocks, by generating 101 blocks, we will have the balance of the first coinbase block reward available for use.\nThe last "),s("code",[t._v("println!()")]),t._v(" statement will show the new updated balance as 50 BTC.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("..")]),t._v(".\ncore balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("50.00000000")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" \n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Great! We now have 50 regtest BTC to play with.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"setup-the-bdk-wallet"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#setup-the-bdk-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Setup the BDK wallet")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we are done setting up the core wallet. The last remaining step is to setup the BDK wallet. For this we will use the previous descriptor generation function and write code as below.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[s("strong",[t._v("Note")]),t._v(": You might want to comment out the previous code in "),s("code",[t._v("main()")]),t._v(", as running them again will create more coins in core, which isn't an issue, but might be confusing.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Get receive and change descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_descriptors")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use deterministic wallet name derived from descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet_name "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Secp256k1")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the datadir to store wallet data")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" 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They are divided into logical sections. Let's discuss each step one by one.")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("First we used our previous "),s("code",[t._v("get_descriptors()")]),t._v(" function to generate two descriptor strings. One for generating receive addresses and one for change addresses.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then we used a special function from BDK called "),s("code",[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor()")]),t._v(" to derive a name of the wallet from our descriptors. This allows us to have wallet names deterministically linked with descriptors. So in future if we use a different descriptor, the wallet will automatically have a different name. This allows us to not mix wallet names with same descriptor, and given the descriptors we can always determine what was the name we used. It is recommended to derive wallet names like this while using a core backend. Note that this wallet will be created inside the core node. So just like we accessed the "),s("code",[t._v("test")]),t._v(" wallet, we could also access this wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then we created a data directory at path "),s("code",[t._v("/home/username/.bdk-example")]),t._v(". We use "),s("code",[t._v("dirs_next")]),t._v(" to find our home path, and then appended that with "),s("code",[t._v(".bdk-example")]),t._v(". All the BDK wallet files will be created and maintained in that directory. In the Database we instructed BDK to create a new "),s("code",[t._v("Tree")]),t._v(" with "),s("code",[t._v("wallet_name")]),t._v(", so given a descriptor, BDK will always know which DB Tree to refer ("),s("code",[t._v("Tree")]),t._v(" is a "),s("code",[t._v("sled")]),t._v(" specific term).")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Then like we did previously, we created the rpc username/password authentication, and specified the rpc url. Note that we cannot use the same "),s("code",[t._v("rpc_auth")]),t._v(" we used before for "),s("code",[t._v("core_rpc")]),t._v(" as BDK auth and bitcoin-rpc auth are slightly separate structures.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We combined all this information and created an "),s("code",[t._v("RpcConfig")]),t._v(" structure.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We used the rpc configuration to create a "),s("code",[t._v("RpcBlockchain")]),t._v(" structure.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Finally we used the Descriptors, Database, and Blockchain to create our final BDK "),s("code",[t._v("wallet")]),t._v(" structure.")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we have our wallet cooked, in the end, we instructed it to sync with the bitcoin core backend, and fetch us a new address.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("If all goes well, you should see an address printed in the terminal.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n Finished dev "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("unoptimized + debuginfo"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" target"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("2")]),t._v(".99s\n Running "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")]),t._v("target/debug/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")])]),t._v("\nbdk address: bcrt1q9vkmujggvzs0rd4z6069v3v0jucje7ua7ap308\n")])])]),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"sending-sats-around"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sending-sats-around"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Sending Sats Around")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Now that we have covered all the groundwork, we have all we need to send coins back and forth between core and BDK wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We will keep things simple here and make the following actions")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("Send 10 BTC from Core to BDK")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Send back 5 BTC from BDK to Core")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("Display balance of two wallets")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("In the last line of previous section we got a new address from BDK wallet. We will start from there. Without further discussion lets jump straight into code.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("main")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Fetch a fresh address to receive coins")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("The above code segment is mostly straightforward. The only new thing added is "),s("code",[t._v("wallet.build_tx()")]),t._v(" which returns a "),s("code",[t._v("TxBuilder")]),t._v(". BDK allows us to have very fine grained control of cooking up transactions. Almost everything that is possible to do with a Bitcoin transaction can be done in BDK. Here we have a very simple vanilla transaction with no added magic. To get full list of capabilities that "),s("code",[t._v("TxBuilder")]),t._v(" supports scour its implementation "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/blob/38d1d0b0e29d38cd370c740d798d96a3c9fcaa1f/src/wallet/tx_builder.rs#L123-L153",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("here"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Finally to step through what we did above:")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v("We asked core wallet to send 10 BTC to bdk wallet address.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We confirmed the transaction, and synced the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We asked BDK to create a transaction sending 5 BTC to core wallet address.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We signed and broadcast the transaction. BDK will use the same core node to broadcast the transaction to network.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We confirmed the transaction by mining a block, and synced the wallet.")]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("We fetched and displayed balance of both core and BDK wallet.")])]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("If all goes well, you should see the final updated balance as below:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("cargo")]),t._v(" run\n Compiling bdk-example v0.1.0 "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("/home/raj/github-repo/bdk-example/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n Finished dev "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("unoptimized + debuginfo"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" target"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("3")]),t._v(".57s\n Running "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")]),t._v("target/debug/bdk-example"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t._v("`")])]),t._v("\ncore wallet balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("144.99998590")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\nBDK wallet balance: Amount"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("4.99999859")]),t._v(" BTC"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("Voila! We have ~145 BTC (150 - 5) in core wallet and 5 BTC (10 - 5) in BDK wallet. The slight deficiency in the amount are due to transaction fees. Because we are using regtest, the fee is some standard value hardcoded in core node.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Check out the data directory where BDK has created the wallet data files.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[s("code",[t._v("$ "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("ls")]),t._v(" ~/.bdk-example/\nblobs conf db snap.0000000000023CAB\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("And finally, this is what the final "),s("code",[t._v("main.rs")]),t._v(" file looks like.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("use")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("bdk"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),t._v("bitcoin"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_descriptors")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use deterministic wallet name derived from descriptor")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet_name "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("wallet_name_from_descriptor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Secp256k1")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Create the datadir to store wallet data")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" datadir "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("dirs_next"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("home_dir")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n datadir"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("push")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('".bdk-example"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" database "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("sled"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("open")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("datadir"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" db_tree "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" database"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("open_tree")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("wallet_name"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("clone")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Set RPC username and password")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" auth "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Auth")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("UserPass")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n username"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"admin"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n password"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"password"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Set RPC url")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("mut")]),t._v(" rpc_url "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"http://"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("to_string")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n rpc_url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("push_str")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"127.0.0.1:18443"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Setup the RPC configuration")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" rpc_config "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("RpcConfig")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" rpc_url"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n auth"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n network"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n wallet_name"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n skip_blocks"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Use the above configuration to create a RPC blockchain backend")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" blockchain "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("RpcBlockchain")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_config")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("rpc_config"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Combine everything and finally create the BDK wallet structure")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" wallet "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Wallet")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("new")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("receive_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Some")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("change_desc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Network")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Regtest")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" db_tree"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" blockchain"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Sync the wallet")]),t._v("\n wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sync")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("NoopProgress")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Fetch a fresh address to receive coins")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" address "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("AddressIndex")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("New")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),t._v("address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[t._v("// Send 10 BTC from Core to BDK")]),t._v("\n core_rpc"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("send_to_address")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),t._v("address"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Amount")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_btc")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("10.0")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(",")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("None")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("Amount")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("from_sat")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("wallet"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("get_balance")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(".")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("unwrap")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token macro 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You will be exposed to many of the basic skills that go into creating and managing bitcoin wallets.")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("p",[t._v("If you've read most of the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v('"Mastering Bitcoin"'),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" book, this tutorial could serve as a stepping stone into your Bitcoin wallet development journey.")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("p",[t._v("This short tutorial will expose you to the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://docs.rs/bdk/latest/bdk/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("bdk library")]),t._v(" "),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" and the practical knowledge needed for bitcoin wallet development. 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You can later use these similar steps to create your own bitcoin mobile, desktop or even WebApp by using the bdk-ffi language bindings.")])])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"a-few-things-before-you-begin"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#a-few-things-before-you-begin"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" A few things before you begin:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Three things to look out for in each step of the tutorial:\n"),e("ul",[e("li",[e("ol",[e("li",[t._v("▶️ / 🔶 - Commands for the Terminal or Shell")])])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("ol",{attrs:{start:"2"}},[e("li",[t._v("👍 - Preview of the command output. Note, not all commands will output code.")])])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("ol",{attrs:{start:"3"}},[e("li",[t._v("Preview Video of the tutorial for reference of what things should look like in action.")])])])])])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"outline-of-tutorial-and-installation-notes"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#outline-of-tutorial-and-installation-notes"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Outline of Tutorial and Installation notes:")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"brief-outline-of-tutorial"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#brief-outline-of-tutorial"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Brief Outline of Tutorial")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Step 1: Creating a mnemonic word list + XPRV (Extended Private Key)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 2: Generate testnet Receive Address")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 3: Send funds to newly generated address")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 4: Sync Wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 5: Check Balance of Wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 6: Create a Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 7: Sign the Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 8: Broadcast Transaction")])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"rust-and-cargo-installation"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-and-cargo-installation"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Rust and Cargo installation:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://rustup.rs/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Rust and Cargo Installation"),e("OutboundLink")],1)])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"bdk-cli-installation"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk-cli-installation"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli")]),t._v(" installation:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Download the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli.git",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli")]),t._v(" github repository locally"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Enter the folder "),e("code",[t._v("cd bdk-cli")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Install "),e("code",[t._v("cargo install --path . --features electrum,repl,compiler")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Once installation is done exit and reopen your terminal (command-line interface)")])])])]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"emoji-legend"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#emoji-legend"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Emoji Legend:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ : Unix/Linux Commands to copied and pasted\n🔶 : Windows Powershell Commands to copied and pasted\n👍 : Output/ preview of code")]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-0-check-version-of-bdk-cli"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-0-check-version-of-bdk-cli"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 0: Check Version of bdk-cli")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ / 🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli -V")]),t._v("\n👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli 0.6.0\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/IcuyeMS.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"preview-of-bdk-cli-help-menu"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#preview-of-bdk-cli-help-menu"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Preview of bdk-cli help menu")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ / 🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli --help")]),e("br"),t._v("\n👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[t._v("The BDK Command Line Wallet App\n\nbdk-cli is a light weight "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("command")]),t._v(" line bitcoin wallet, powered by BDK. This app can be used as a playground as well as\ntesting environment to simulate various wallet testing situations. If you are planning to use BDK "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" your wallet, bdk-\ncli is also a great intro tool to get familiar with the BDK API.\n\nBut this is not just any toy. bdk-cli is also a fully functioning bitcoin wallet with taproot support"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("!")]),t._v("\n\nFor "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("more")]),t._v(" information checkout "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("https://bitcoindevkit.org/"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n\nUSAGE:\n bdk-cli "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("OPTIONS"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("SUBCOMMAND"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n\nFLAGS:\n -h, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--help")]),t._v(" Prints "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" information\n -V, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--version")]),t._v(" Prints version information\n\nOPTIONS:\n -d, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--datadir")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("DATADIR"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" Sets the wallet data directory. Default value "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(' "~/.bdk-bitcoin\n -n, '),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--network")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("NETWORK"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" Sets the network "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("default: testnet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("possible values: bitcoin, testnet, signet, regtest"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n\nSUBCOMMANDS:\n compile Compile a miniscript policy to an output descriptor\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" Prints this message or the "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" of the given subcommand"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n key Subcommands "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" Key operations\n repl Options to configure a SOCKS5 proxy "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" a blockchain client connection\n wallet Wallet subcommands that can be issued without a blockchain backend\n")])])]),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-1-seed-generate"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-1-seed-generate"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 1: Seed Generate")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1a-mnemonic-word-list-xprv-extended-private-key-"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1a-mnemonic-word-list-xprv-extended-private-key-"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1a: Mnemonic word-list + XPRV (Extended Private Key) 🔑")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli key generate | tee key.json")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v('bdk-cli key generate | Out-File -FilePath "key.json"')])]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"fingerprint"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"42b15d2f"')]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"mnemonic"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"party salon worth satoshi envelope suggest garlic dry add pitch throw clap keen narrow antique oyster ketchup purchase gasp visual work venue fog crater"')]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"xprv"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPdwpamtjqMFpYRTafnE1bN2SphLEybCtRKakk6S1TgQCsZgiBwJuJNWe3jYdgVCTsKf9weMxj6tW4zNNKWptykszJpS2L8wE"')]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/ii62Hul.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1b-save-xprv-extended-private-key-into-environment-variable"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1b-save-xprv-extended-private-key-into-environment-variable"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1b: Save XPRV (Extended Private Key) into environment variable")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("export XPRV_00=$(cat key.json | jq -r .xprv)")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$json = Get-Content -Path .\\key.json | ConvertFrom-Json")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$mykeyValue = $json.xprv")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('XPRV',$mykeyValue, 'Process')")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/KYW2Cdo.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1c-verify-environment-variable-xprv-00-is-active"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1c-verify-environment-variable-xprv-00-is-active"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1c: Verify environment variable XPRV_00 is active")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("env | grep XPRV")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$env:XPRV")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/ZahbJwe.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1d-create-descriptor-and-save-into-environment-variable"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1d-create-descriptor-and-save-into-environment-variable"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1d: Create Descriptor and Save into environment variable")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v('export my_descriptor="wpkh($XPRV_00/84h/1h/0h/0/*)"')])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('my_descriptor', \"wpkh($env:XPRV/84h/1h/0h/0/*)\", 'Process')")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/UV4Vgsq.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1e-verify-environment-variable-my-descriptor-is-active"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1e-verify-environment-variable-my-descriptor-is-active"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1e: Verify environment variable my_descriptor is active")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("env | grep my_descriptor")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$env:my_descriptor")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/s7ZeRQN.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-2-generate-receive-address"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-2-generate-receive-address"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 2: Generate Receive-Address")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor get_new_address")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶"),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor get_new_address")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/P8PjTAo.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"address"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"tb1qrh4sq5va0unqtxyfv8al9lz3sna3988cj59uya"')]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-3-send-testnet-bitcoin-to-the-newly-created-receive-address"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-3-send-testnet-bitcoin-to-the-newly-created-receive-address"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 3: Send testnet bitcoin to the newly created receive-address")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Use a faucet to send funds to your newly created address. Here is a link to one: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Bitcoin Testnet Faucet"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-4-sync-the-wallet"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-4-sync-the-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 4: Sync the wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor sync")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor sync")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/WFYBgVB.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-5-check-the-balance"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-5-check-the-balance"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 5: Check the balance")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor get_balance")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶\n"),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor get_balance")])]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"custom-block tip"},[e("p",{staticClass:"custom-block-title"},[t._v("TIP")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Note: The balance will only show after the transaction has been confirmed in a block at least once.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell 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"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"untrusted_pending"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/v8MAYB2.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-6-create-transaction-psbt"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-6-create-transaction-psbt"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 6: Create Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("To create a PSBT (partially-signed-bitcoin-transaction) run the command:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor 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Note, not all commands will output code.")])])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("ol",{attrs:{start:"3"}},[e("li",[t._v("Preview Video of the tutorial for reference of what things should look like in action.")])])])])])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"outline-of-tutorial-and-installation-notes"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#outline-of-tutorial-and-installation-notes"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Outline of Tutorial and Installation notes:")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"brief-outline-of-tutorial"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#brief-outline-of-tutorial"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Brief Outline of Tutorial")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Step 1: Creating a mnemonic word list + XPRV (Extended Private Key)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 2: Generate testnet Receive Address")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 3: Send funds to newly generated address")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 4: Sync Wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 5: Check Balance of Wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 6: Create a Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 7: Sign the Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Step 8: Broadcast Transaction")])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"rust-and-cargo-installation"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-and-cargo-installation"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Rust and Cargo installation:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://rustup.rs/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Rust and Cargo Installation"),e("OutboundLink")],1)])]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"bdk-cli-installation"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk-cli-installation"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli")]),t._v(" installation:")]),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Download the "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli.git",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli")]),t._v(" github repository locally"),e("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" "),e("ul",[e("li",[t._v("Enter the folder "),e("code",[t._v("cd bdk-cli")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Install "),e("code",[t._v("cargo install --path . --features electrum,repl,compiler")])]),t._v(" "),e("li",[t._v("Once installation is done exit and reopen your terminal (command-line interface)")])])])]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"emoji-legend"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#emoji-legend"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Emoji Legend:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ : Unix/Linux Commands to copied and pasted\n🔶 : Windows Powershell Commands to copied and pasted\n👍 : Output/ preview of code")]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-0-check-version-of-bdk-cli"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-0-check-version-of-bdk-cli"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 0: Check Version of bdk-cli")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ / 🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli -V")]),t._v("\n👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli 0.6.0\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/IcuyeMS.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"preview-of-bdk-cli-help-menu"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#preview-of-bdk-cli-help-menu"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Preview of bdk-cli help menu")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ / 🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli --help")]),e("br"),t._v("\n👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[t._v("The BDK Command Line Wallet App\n\nbdk-cli is a light weight "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("command")]),t._v(" line bitcoin wallet, powered by BDK. This app can be used as a playground as well as\ntesting environment to simulate various wallet testing situations. If you are planning to use BDK "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("in")]),t._v(" your wallet, bdk-\ncli is also a great intro tool to get familiar with the BDK API.\n\nBut this is not just any toy. bdk-cli is also a fully functioning bitcoin wallet with taproot support"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("!")]),t._v("\n\nFor "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("more")]),t._v(" information checkout "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("https://bitcoindevkit.org/"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n\nUSAGE:\n bdk-cli "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("OPTIONS"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("SUBCOMMAND"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v("\n\nFLAGS:\n -h, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--help")]),t._v(" Prints "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" information\n -V, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--version")]),t._v(" Prints version information\n\nOPTIONS:\n -d, "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--datadir")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("DATADIR"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" Sets the wallet data directory. Default value "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(' "~/.bdk-bitcoin\n -n, '),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--network")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("<")]),t._v("NETWORK"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v(">")]),t._v(" Sets the network "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("default: testnet"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),t._v("possible values: bitcoin, testnet, signet, regtest"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n\nSUBCOMMANDS:\n compile Compile a miniscript policy to an output descriptor\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" Prints this message or the "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("help")]),t._v(" of the given subcommand"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("s"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n key Subcommands "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" Key operations\n repl Options to configure a SOCKS5 proxy "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("for")]),t._v(" a blockchain client connection\n wallet Wallet subcommands that can be issued without a blockchain backend\n")])])]),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-1-seed-generate"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-1-seed-generate"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 1: Seed Generate")]),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1a-mnemonic-word-list-xprv-extended-private-key-"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1a-mnemonic-word-list-xprv-extended-private-key-"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1a: Mnemonic word-list + XPRV (Extended Private Key) 🔑")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli key generate | tee key.json")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v('bdk-cli key generate | Out-File -FilePath "key.json"')])]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"fingerprint"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"42b15d2f"')]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"mnemonic"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"party salon worth satoshi envelope suggest garlic dry add pitch throw clap keen narrow antique oyster ketchup purchase gasp visual work venue fog crater"')]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"xprv"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPdwpamtjqMFpYRTafnE1bN2SphLEybCtRKakk6S1TgQCsZgiBwJuJNWe3jYdgVCTsKf9weMxj6tW4zNNKWptykszJpS2L8wE"')]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/ii62Hul.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1b-save-xprv-extended-private-key-into-environment-variable"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1b-save-xprv-extended-private-key-into-environment-variable"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1b: Save XPRV (Extended Private Key) into environment variable")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("export XPRV_00=$(cat key.json | jq -r .xprv)")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$json = Get-Content -Path .\\key.json | ConvertFrom-Json")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$mykeyValue = $json.xprv")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('XPRV',$mykeyValue, 'Process')")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/KYW2Cdo.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1c-verify-environment-variable-xprv-00-is-active"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1c-verify-environment-variable-xprv-00-is-active"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1c: Verify environment variable XPRV_00 is active")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("env | grep XPRV")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$env:XPRV")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/ZahbJwe.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1d-create-descriptor-and-save-into-environment-variable"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1d-create-descriptor-and-save-into-environment-variable"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1d: Create Descriptor and Save into environment variable")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v('export my_descriptor="wpkh($XPRV_00/84h/1h/0h/0/*)"')])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('my_descriptor', \"wpkh($env:XPRV/84h/1h/0h/0/*)\", 'Process')")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/UV4Vgsq.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h3",{attrs:{id:"1e-verify-environment-variable-my-descriptor-is-active"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#1e-verify-environment-variable-my-descriptor-is-active"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 1e: Verify environment variable my_descriptor is active")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("env | grep my_descriptor")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("$env:my_descriptor")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/s7ZeRQN.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-2-generate-receive-address"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-2-generate-receive-address"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 2: Generate Receive-Address")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor get_new_address")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶"),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor get_new_address")])]),t._v(" "),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/P8PjTAo.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"address"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"tb1qrh4sq5va0unqtxyfv8al9lz3sna3988cj59uya"')]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-3-send-testnet-bitcoin-to-the-newly-created-receive-address"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-3-send-testnet-bitcoin-to-the-newly-created-receive-address"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 3: Send testnet bitcoin to the newly created receive-address")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Use a faucet to send funds to your newly created address. Here is a link to one: "),e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Bitcoin Testnet Faucet"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-4-sync-the-wallet"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-4-sync-the-wallet"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 4: Sync the wallet")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor sync")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶 "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor sync")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/WFYBgVB.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-5-check-the-balance"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-5-check-the-balance"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 5: Check the balance")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor get_balance")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶\n"),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor get_balance")])]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"custom-block tip"},[e("p",{staticClass:"custom-block-title"},[t._v("TIP")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Note: The balance will only show after the transaction has been confirmed in a block at least once.")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful:")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"satoshi"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"confirmed"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("100000")]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"immature"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"trusted_pending"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v(",\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"untrusted_pending"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[t._v("0")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n"),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),e("figure",[e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/v8MAYB2.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("hr"),t._v(" "),e("h2",{attrs:{id:"step-6-create-transaction-psbt"}},[e("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-6-create-transaction-psbt"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Step 6: Create Transaction (PSBT)")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("To create a PSBT (partially-signed-bitcoin-transaction) run the command:")]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Linux/Terminal:\n▶️ "),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --wallet wallet_name --descriptor $my_descriptor create_tx --to tb1qw2c3lxufxqe2x9s4rdzh65tpf4d7fssjgh8nv6:50000")])]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("Windows Powershell:\n🔶\n"),e("code",[t._v("bdk-cli wallet --descriptor $env:my_descriptor create_tx --to tb1qjk6n943uwhqhdf7en600tnwxpslvwtr0udsehp:0 --send_all")]),t._v(" "),e("img",{attrs:{src:"https://i.imgur.com/EUCovcJ.gif",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),e("p",[t._v("👍 The output below confirms the command was successful.")]),t._v(" "),e("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[e("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[e("code",[e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"details"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"confirmation_time"')]),e("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" 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"),e("li",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/97242/bip39-tool-bip32-extended-private-key-vs-bip32-root-key",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Master Private Key and Extended Private Key"),e("OutboundLink")],1)]),t._v(" "),e("li",[e("a",{attrs:{href:"https://min.sc",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("Minsc A Miniscript-based scripting language for Bitcoin contracts"),e("OutboundLink")],1)])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);e.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/55.9dc30fc4.js b/assets/js/55.d6cd14f7.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/55.9dc30fc4.js rename to assets/js/55.d6cd14f7.js index 188b277a6c..14a0e36adf 100644 --- a/assets/js/55.9dc30fc4.js +++ b/assets/js/55.d6cd14f7.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[55],{410:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(7),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return 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They can learn your\nIP address and associate the transactions you sent over it. You can only\nhope that this information will not be leaked anytime in the future with\nunpredictable consequences. In order to use Bitcoin privately, you need\nto encrypt and anonymize the data you send over the Internet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Tor is one of the must-have privacy preserving tools for the Internet in\ngeneral, and for Bitcoin in particular. Tor network consists of nodes that\nuse clever cryptographic methods to encrypt user data and transfer them as\nanonymously as possible.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("In this article we show how to integrate Tor with your BDK application.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"prerequisite"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#prerequisite"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Prerequisite")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("First, you would need to have a Tor daemon up and running.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("On Mac OS X you can install with Homebrew.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[t._v("brew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" tor\nbrew services start tor\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("On Ubuntu or other Debian-based distributions.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sudo")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("apt")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" tor\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("In some cases you'll need to wait a minute or two for the bootstrapping to finish.\nIn general, Tor is not the fastest network, so if any of the examples below fail\ndue to timeout, simply restart it.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("At the very end of the article we’ll show how to integrate Tor directly to\nyour application.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("By default, Tor creates a "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("SOCKS5"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" proxy\nendpoint and listens on port 9050. 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punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("client"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("In this example we create an instance of "),s("code",[t._v("Socks5Config")]),t._v(" which defines the\nTor proxy parameters for "),s("code",[t._v("ElectrumBlockchain")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"blocking-esplorablockchain"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#blocking-esplorablockchain"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Blocking EsploraBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("The blocking version of "),s("code",[t._v("EsploraBlockchain")]),t._v(" uses "),s("code",[t._v("ureq")]),t._v(" crate to send HTTP\nrequests to Eslora backends. 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Please note, that unlike the previous examples, the Esplora client\nbuilder requires not just a proxy address, but a URL\n“socks5://127.0.0.1:9050”.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"asynchronous-esplorablockchain"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#asynchronous-esplorablockchain"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Asynchronous EsploraBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("There’s no need in enabling SOCKS5 for the asynchronous Esplora client,\nso we are good to go without additional dependencies.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-toml extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-toml"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token table class-name"}},[t._v("dependencies")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token key property"}},[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" 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First, we call "),s("code",[t._v("build_async()")]),t._v(" to\ncreate an asynchronous Esplora client. Second the SOCKS5 URL scheme is\n“socks5h”. It’s not a typo. The async client supports two SOCKS5 schemes\n“socks5” and “socks5h”. The difference between them is that the former\nmakes the client to resolve domain names, and the latter does not, so the\nclient passes them to the proxy as is. A regular DNS resolver cannot\nresolve Tor onion addresses, so we should use “socks5h” here.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"compactfiltersblockchain"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#compactfiltersblockchain"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" CompactFiltersBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Add these lines to the dependencies section of "),s("code",[t._v("Cargo.toml")]),t._v(" file to enable\nBIP-157/BIP-158 compact filter support.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("It can take a while to sync a wallet using compact filters over Tor, so be\npatient.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-toml extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-toml"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token table class-name"}},[t._v("dependencies")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token key property"}},[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" 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Using "),s("code",[t._v("libtor")]),t._v(" crate you can bundle\nTor daemon with your app.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[s("code",[t._v("libtor")]),t._v(" builds a Tor binary from the source files. Since Tor is written in C\nyou'll need a C compiler and build tools.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Install these packages on Mac OS X:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[t._v("xcode-select "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--install")]),t._v("\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" autoconf\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" automake\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" libtool\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" openssl\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" pkg-config\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("export")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left 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After that, we continuously try to find\n“Bootstrapped 100%” string in the log file. Once we find it, Tor is\nready to proxy our connections. We use port 19050 because, the user can\nhave their own instance of Tor running already.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Next you can modify "),s("code",[t._v("create_blockchain()")]),t._v(" like this")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("create_blockchain")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("->")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("ElectrumBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" url "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ssl://electrum.blockstream.info:60002"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" socks_addr "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("start_tor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("In this example we start Tor first, then use the address returned by\n"),s("code",[t._v("start_tor()")]),t._v(" function as proxy address.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We omitted "),s("code",[t._v("find_string_in_log()")]),t._v(" and "),s("code",[t._v("truncate_log()")]),t._v(" for brevity. You\ncan find their implementations in "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/blob/master/examples/esplora_backend_with_tor.rs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("esplora_backend_with_tor.rs"),s("OutboundLink")],1)])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);s.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[55],{411:function(t,s,a){"use strict";a.r(s);var n=a(7),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return s("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[s("h2",{attrs:{id:"introduction"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#introduction"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Introduction")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("It’s easy to underestimate the importance of privacy tech for Bitcoin,\nespecially when connecting to third party services. They can learn your\nIP address and associate the transactions you sent over it. You can only\nhope that this information will not be leaked anytime in the future with\nunpredictable consequences. In order to use Bitcoin privately, you need\nto encrypt and anonymize the data you send over the Internet.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Tor is one of the must-have privacy preserving tools for the Internet in\ngeneral, and for Bitcoin in particular. Tor network consists of nodes that\nuse clever cryptographic methods to encrypt user data and transfer them as\nanonymously as possible.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("In this article we show how to integrate Tor with your BDK application.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"prerequisite"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#prerequisite"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Prerequisite")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("First, you would need to have a Tor daemon up and running.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("On Mac OS X you can install with Homebrew.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[t._v("brew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" tor\nbrew services start tor\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("On Ubuntu or other Debian-based distributions.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("sudo")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("apt")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" tor\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("In some cases you'll need to wait a minute or two for the bootstrapping to finish.\nIn general, Tor is not the fastest network, so if any of the examples below fail\ndue to timeout, simply restart it.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("At the very end of the article we’ll show how to integrate Tor directly to\nyour application.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("By default, Tor creates a "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("SOCKS5"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" proxy\nendpoint and listens on port 9050. 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Please note, that unlike the previous examples, the Esplora client\nbuilder requires not just a proxy address, but a URL\n“socks5://127.0.0.1:9050”.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"asynchronous-esplorablockchain"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#asynchronous-esplorablockchain"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Asynchronous EsploraBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("There’s no need in enabling SOCKS5 for the asynchronous Esplora client,\nso we are good to go without additional dependencies.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-toml extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-toml"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token table class-name"}},[t._v("dependencies")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token key property"}},[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" 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First, we call "),s("code",[t._v("build_async()")]),t._v(" to\ncreate an asynchronous Esplora client. Second the SOCKS5 URL scheme is\n“socks5h”. It’s not a typo. The async client supports two SOCKS5 schemes\n“socks5” and “socks5h”. The difference between them is that the former\nmakes the client to resolve domain names, and the latter does not, so the\nclient passes them to the proxy as is. A regular DNS resolver cannot\nresolve Tor onion addresses, so we should use “socks5h” here.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"compactfiltersblockchain"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#compactfiltersblockchain"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" CompactFiltersBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Add these lines to the dependencies section of "),s("code",[t._v("Cargo.toml")]),t._v(" file to enable\nBIP-157/BIP-158 compact filter support.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("It can take a while to sync a wallet using compact filters over Tor, so be\npatient.")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-toml extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-toml"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("[")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token table class-name"}},[t._v("dependencies")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("]")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token key property"}},[t._v("bdk")]),t._v(" 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Using "),s("code",[t._v("libtor")]),t._v(" crate you can bundle\nTor daemon with your app.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[s("code",[t._v("libtor")]),t._v(" builds a Tor binary from the source files. Since Tor is written in C\nyou'll need a C compiler and build tools.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Install these packages on Mac OS X:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-bash extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-bash"}},[s("code",[t._v("xcode-select "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[t._v("--install")]),t._v("\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" autoconf\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" automake\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" libtool\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" openssl\nbrew "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("install")]),t._v(" pkg-config\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[t._v("export")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left 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We use port 19050 because, the user can\nhave their own instance of Tor running already.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Next you can modify "),s("code",[t._v("create_blockchain()")]),t._v(" like this")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("create_blockchain")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("->")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("ElectrumBlockchain")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("{")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" url "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[t._v('"ssl://electrum.blockstream.info:60002"')]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("let")]),t._v(" socks_addr "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("=")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[t._v("start_tor")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(";")]),t._v("\n \n "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("...")]),t._v("\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("}")]),t._v("\n")])])]),s("p",[t._v("In this example we start Tor first, then use the address returned by\n"),s("code",[t._v("start_tor()")]),t._v(" function as proxy address.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("We omitted "),s("code",[t._v("find_string_in_log()")]),t._v(" and "),s("code",[t._v("truncate_log()")]),t._v(" for brevity. You\ncan find their implementations in "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/blob/master/examples/esplora_backend_with_tor.rs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("esplora_backend_with_tor.rs"),s("OutboundLink")],1)])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);s.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/56.0bd338b2.js b/assets/js/56.31c5a194.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/56.0bd338b2.js rename to assets/js/56.31c5a194.js index bc65e69346..ef3f24ff37 100644 --- a/assets/js/56.0bd338b2.js +++ b/assets/js/56.31c5a194.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[56],{411:function(e,t,i){"use strict";i.r(t);var r=i(7),o=Object(r.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[t("strong",[e._v("tldr;")]),e._v(" "),t("em",[e._v("we can't produce and maintain bindings for all Rust crates we get requests for, but we are working to help others build their own bindings by (1) making our architecture composable and reusable, and (2) building strong examples and documentation on how to do it for other crates.")])]),e._v(" "),t("br"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the past 2 years, the Bitcoin Development Kit team has been successful at building and releasing language bindings for our Rust library. In particular, over the past 18 months we have locked in and solidified our approach for the iOS, Android, Kotlin, Java, and Python bindings by using a Rust library called "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/mozilla/uniffi-rs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the course of the year, we've had many requests to add to the bindings certain features that are not directly in the Rust BDK library. These request mainly break down into two groups:")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[e._v('Features that are part of crates "upstream" of BDK (rust-bitcoin, rust-miniscript)')]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Features that are not but that have Rust crates and would be useful on mobile (payjoin, coinjoin implementations, silent payments, BIP-47)")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"current-architecture"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#current-architecture"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Current architecture")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The current architecture for the BDK bindings is more or less wrapping the bdk, rust-bitcoin, and rust-miniscript crates and exposing an API that allows users to leverage them similarly to how they would BDK in Rust if they were using it in a Rust project.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('While we started with a simplified version of the Rust BDK API, over time users asked for more and more functionality, and exposing some of the underlying rust-bitcoin constructs became important. This makes sense, and indeed users of the bitcoin development kit in Rust have access to all the related APIs by simply importing rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript, hence our desire to accommodate these use cases as well. However, this is currently done all in one "bindings" library (i.e. if you import '),t("code",[e._v("bdk-android")]),e._v(" in a project, you'll have access to an API that is mostly bdk-based, but also contains a bit of rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript).")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"moving-forward-building-a-family-of-libraries"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#moving-forward-building-a-family-of-libraries"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Moving forward: building a family of libraries")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("At the same time, other Rust-based libraries started using the uniffi approach (a good example is "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/lightningdevkit/ldk-node",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("ldk-node"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(") to expose bindings. When developing and using those libraries together, it quickly became clear that much of the work was duplicated; both libraries needed access to underlying rust-bitcoin types, but they both exposed their own versions of it.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the coming months, the team is looking at extracting the rust-bitcoin part of the BDK bindings library (bdk-ffi) and publishing that library on "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://crates.io/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("crates.io"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" so as to make it available to others who wish to build Rust bindings using uniffi.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"why-cant-we-just-build-one-big-bdk-library-with-everything-in-it"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#why-cant-we-just-build-one-big-bdk-library-with-everything-in-it"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Why can't we just build one big BDK library with "),t("em",[e._v("everything")]),e._v(" in it?")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[e._v("The short answer to this is that it would simply not be maintainable. If we rely on many underlying Rust crates, we'd need to release patches every time one of the underlying libraries patches a bug. We'd also need to keep them all in sync (what API versions work with what), and we'd be relying on work from teams that may or may not have the capacity to keep their crates up to date.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Scope creep. Unless we define a narrow and structured scope for the library, we will forever be handling requests for features that may or may not be feasible to accommodate.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Library size. Because one of our primary focus for the bindings is mobile devices, we need to make sure we don't build a library that is too big. This is a more nuanced issue, but it relates to point (2), where too large a scope would eventually produce a library that is potentially not optimal for mobile devices because it attempts to do too much all in one package.")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"are-you-looking-to-build-rust-bindings-yourself"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#are-you-looking-to-build-rust-bindings-yourself"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Are you looking to build Rust bindings yourself?")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("We got your back! The Bitcoin Development Kit team intends to help others in the Rust bitcoin ecosystem build bindings if they wish to. To that effect, we maintain 3 repositories that should help you get going with bindings in no time:")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/uniffi-bindings-template",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi library template"),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This is a repository you can fork and start adding code to produce bindings directly for iOS and Android. Included are our custom-made Gradle plugin and Swift release shell scripts, as well as information about the little build quirks you need to know about for smooth releases.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/uniffi-examples",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi examples"),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This repository provides boiled-down examples of APIs exposed using uniffi, with an "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://thunderbiscuit.github.io/uniffi-examples/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("accompanying documentation website"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Functions, enums, objects, callbacks, multi-libraries, a lot of information and examples to get you started.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/bitcoin-frontier",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Sandbox library "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin-frontier")]),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This repository is meant as a sandbox to start developing and testing your own bindings. Simply fork it and start adding code! It comes with a fully working Android app you can leverage to test out whatever bindings you're building.")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=o.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[56],{409:function(e,t,i){"use strict";i.r(t);var r=i(7),o=Object(r.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[t("strong",[e._v("tldr;")]),e._v(" "),t("em",[e._v("we can't produce and maintain bindings for all Rust crates we get requests for, but we are working to help others build their own bindings by (1) making our architecture composable and reusable, and (2) building strong examples and documentation on how to do it for other crates.")])]),e._v(" "),t("br"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the past 2 years, the Bitcoin Development Kit team has been successful at building and releasing language bindings for our Rust library. In particular, over the past 18 months we have locked in and solidified our approach for the iOS, Android, Kotlin, Java, and Python bindings by using a Rust library called "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/mozilla/uniffi-rs",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the course of the year, we've had many requests to add to the bindings certain features that are not directly in the Rust BDK library. These request mainly break down into two groups:")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[e._v('Features that are part of crates "upstream" of BDK (rust-bitcoin, rust-miniscript)')]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Features that are not but that have Rust crates and would be useful on mobile (payjoin, coinjoin implementations, silent payments, BIP-47)")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"current-architecture"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#current-architecture"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Current architecture")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The current architecture for the BDK bindings is more or less wrapping the bdk, rust-bitcoin, and rust-miniscript crates and exposing an API that allows users to leverage them similarly to how they would BDK in Rust if they were using it in a Rust project.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('While we started with a simplified version of the Rust BDK API, over time users asked for more and more functionality, and exposing some of the underlying rust-bitcoin constructs became important. This makes sense, and indeed users of the bitcoin development kit in Rust have access to all the related APIs by simply importing rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript, hence our desire to accommodate these use cases as well. However, this is currently done all in one "bindings" library (i.e. if you import '),t("code",[e._v("bdk-android")]),e._v(" in a project, you'll have access to an API that is mostly bdk-based, but also contains a bit of rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript).")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"moving-forward-building-a-family-of-libraries"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#moving-forward-building-a-family-of-libraries"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Moving forward: building a family of libraries")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("At the same time, other Rust-based libraries started using the uniffi approach (a good example is "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/lightningdevkit/ldk-node",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("ldk-node"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(") to expose bindings. When developing and using those libraries together, it quickly became clear that much of the work was duplicated; both libraries needed access to underlying rust-bitcoin types, but they both exposed their own versions of it.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Over the coming months, the team is looking at extracting the rust-bitcoin part of the BDK bindings library (bdk-ffi) and publishing that library on "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://crates.io/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("crates.io"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" so as to make it available to others who wish to build Rust bindings using uniffi.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"why-cant-we-just-build-one-big-bdk-library-with-everything-in-it"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#why-cant-we-just-build-one-big-bdk-library-with-everything-in-it"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Why can't we just build one big BDK library with "),t("em",[e._v("everything")]),e._v(" in it?")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[e._v("The short answer to this is that it would simply not be maintainable. If we rely on many underlying Rust crates, we'd need to release patches every time one of the underlying libraries patches a bug. We'd also need to keep them all in sync (what API versions work with what), and we'd be relying on work from teams that may or may not have the capacity to keep their crates up to date.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Scope creep. Unless we define a narrow and structured scope for the library, we will forever be handling requests for features that may or may not be feasible to accommodate.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Library size. Because one of our primary focus for the bindings is mobile devices, we need to make sure we don't build a library that is too big. This is a more nuanced issue, but it relates to point (2), where too large a scope would eventually produce a library that is potentially not optimal for mobile devices because it attempts to do too much all in one package.")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"are-you-looking-to-build-rust-bindings-yourself"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#are-you-looking-to-build-rust-bindings-yourself"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Are you looking to build Rust bindings yourself?")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("We got your back! The Bitcoin Development Kit team intends to help others in the Rust bitcoin ecosystem build bindings if they wish to. To that effect, we maintain 3 repositories that should help you get going with bindings in no time:")]),e._v(" "),t("ol",[t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/uniffi-bindings-template",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi library template"),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This is a repository you can fork and start adding code to produce bindings directly for iOS and Android. Included are our custom-made Gradle plugin and Swift release shell scripts, as well as information about the little build quirks you need to know about for smooth releases.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/uniffi-examples",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Uniffi examples"),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This repository provides boiled-down examples of APIs exposed using uniffi, with an "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://thunderbiscuit.github.io/uniffi-examples/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("accompanying documentation website"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Functions, enums, objects, callbacks, multi-libraries, a lot of information and examples to get you started.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("strong",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/thunderbiscuit/bitcoin-frontier",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Sandbox library "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin-frontier")]),t("OutboundLink")],1)]),e._v(". This repository is meant as a sandbox to start developing and testing your own bindings. Simply fork it and start adding code! It comes with a fully working Android app you can leverage to test out whatever bindings you're building.")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=o.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/58.6324e3e4.js b/assets/js/58.4f71c2e5.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/58.6324e3e4.js rename to assets/js/58.4f71c2e5.js index 281fe3d0e5..d508b892ad 100644 --- a/assets/js/58.6324e3e4.js +++ b/assets/js/58.4f71c2e5.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[58],{413:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var s=a(7),r=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("h2",{attrs:{id:"introduction"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#introduction"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Introduction")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this post, we will use the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to create a multi-owned descriptor-based paper wallet. We will use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" via the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to test our descriptor and to be able to sweep the funds from our paper wallet to a new address.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"about-paper-wallets"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#about-paper-wallets"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" About paper wallets")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Paper wallets have a lot of drawbacks, as explained in the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Paper_wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("paper wallet Wiki article"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", as always, do your own research before deciding to use it with mainnet bitcoins. In this post we will\nonly be using testnet coins.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"descriptors"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#descriptors"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Descriptors")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet/tree/339fa4418d94f6fdd96f3d0301cab8a0bc09e8bd",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("previous version"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" of the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" followed the original paper wallet design: WIF"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(" as secret part with the option to generate a different kind of addresses (legacy, nested segwit, and segwit).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("There were plans to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet/issues/5",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("support mnemonic"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" instead of WIF keys because it may"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn2",id:"fnref2"}},[e._v("[2]")])]),e._v(" save the sweep transaction"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn3",id:"fnref3"}},[e._v("[3]")])]),e._v(" and there are more wallets capable of importing a mnemonic instead of a WIF.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("However, choosing a single address type or having wallet support for a specific format is the kind of problem "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/descriptors"}},[e._v("descriptors")]),e._v(" solve perfectly, so the latest "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" version now accepts a descriptor and the network as parameters.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"example-use-case"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#example-use-case"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Example use case")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("So let's say your grandma wants to buy bitcoin and asked for your help.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You are a little afraid she may lose the private key. At the same time, you don't want to duplicate the keys and give those to her daughters Alice and Barbara, because both of them could spend and accuse the other of having done so.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Even though we trust everyone in the family it is better to play it safe and divide the responsibility of protecting Grandma's bitcoin.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is a perfect case for a 2 of 3 multi-signature paper wallet. This way also protects the participants from having their copy of the wallet stolen. To compromise Grandma's wallet a thief would need to find and steal at least two of them.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Note that you as the wallet creator are still the single point of trust because you are going to generate the keys for everyone. Setups combining self generated keys from the participants is possible future work.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"creating-the-paper-wallet"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#creating-the-paper-wallet"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Creating the paper wallet")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For this example the spending descriptor would be:")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("code",[e._v("wsh(multi(2,Grandma,Alice,Barbara))")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You need "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" installed to use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". The -n option below explicitly selects\ngenerating "),t("code",[e._v("testnet")]),e._v(" keys. Use "),t("code",[e._v("rusty-paper-wallet --help")]),e._v(" to see usage instructions and other\noptions.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("cargo")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("install")]),e._v(" rusty-paper-wallet\n$ rusty-paper-wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,Grandma,Alice,Barbara))"')]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-n")]),e._v(" testnet\ndata:text/html"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("base64,PCFET0N"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("..")]),e._v(".\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/descriptor-based-paper-wallets/data-url.txt"}},[e._v("output")]),e._v(" of the command is very long and has been shortened. The string is a "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("data URI scheme"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" paste-able in the address bar of a browser. By using a data URI no files are written on the hard disk, leaving less trace of secret material on the computer.\nIt's also a good idea to use incognito mode in the browser to prevent it from saving the page in the history.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following is the result:")]),e._v(" "),t("iframe",{staticClass:"example",attrs:{src:"/descriptor-based-paper-wallets/Bitcoin_Paper_Wallet.html"}}),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Under the hood, the command created a key pair randomly for every alias present in the descriptor, then replaced the aliases with the created keys and generated the corresponding address. This address is the same for every paper wallet and it is shown in the upper part of the paper wallet (the public part) along with the alias, linking the paper wallet to the owner.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The lower part is the secret part, the written part is the descriptor with the aliases, followed by a legend linking the aliases with the keys. In the legend, all the keys are public but the one of the owner which is a private WIF. The secret QR code instead contains the descriptor already with the keys.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The paper wallet must then be printed, and it is better to use a printer without wifi and also to be aware that some sensitive data may remain in the printer's cache.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Then the paper wallet must be cut along the dotted lines, the secret part should be folded twice over the black zone"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn4",id:"fnref4"}},[e._v("[4]")])]),e._v(". The black zone helps to avoid showing the secret parts in the presence of back-light. Once the folding is done the paper wallet should be plasticized to prevent being damaged by water.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"bdk"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" BDK")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Any descriptor based wallet can be used to check the balance of and sweep the funds from\nGrandma's paper wallet. For this post we'll demonstrate using the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to do these steps.\nAnother area where "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" could be used with "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is to compile a more\ncomplicated miniscript spending policy into a descriptor, as we have done in the "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/02/spending-policy-demo/#step-4-create-wallet-descriptors-for-each-participant"}},[e._v("spending policy demo")]),e._v(" post.")],1),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"funding-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#funding-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Funding tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Since Grandma's wallet was created as a "),t("code",[e._v("wsh")]),e._v(" descriptor, bitcoin can be sent to it from any\nsegwit capable wallet, we'll use a public "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bitcoin testnet faucet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Once the funds are sent the\ndeposit address "),t("code",[e._v("tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw")]),e._v(" we can also use this\naddress and a testnet explorer to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/testnet/address/tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("confirm the funds were received"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"sweep-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sweep-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Sweep tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now that Grandma's paper wallet is funded it's time to demonstrate how to use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" to sweep these\nfunds to a new address. Let's assume Grandma lost her original paper wallet and has asked\nher daughters to sweep them to a new single signature wallet so she can spend them.")]),e._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"step-1-alice-creates-and-signs-a-psbt"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-1-alice-creates-and-signs-a-psbt"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Step 1: Alice creates and signs a PSBT")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Alice uses the private text or QR code from her paper wallet to find her private key and the\npublic keys for Grandma and Barbara. With this info she creates a PSBT to sweep Grandma's funds\nto a new address (in this example we'll send them back to our "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bitcoin testnet faucet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("). Notice how Alice\nincludes her wallet's descriptor checksum '#em3q73l5', this "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/descriptors.md#checksums",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("guarantees"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" she has entered her descriptor correctly.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("SWEEP_TO_ADDR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("tb1qm5tfegjevj27yvvna9elym9lnzcf0zraxgl8z2\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_WIF")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("cSSKRHDmQEEutp5LD14tAcixu2ehSNPDTqNek1zMa9Pet98qxHq3\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("02a3f3f2658b9812ddeabfbde2fde03f8a65369e4ed621f29fa8ba0cc519b789fb\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("03f1bd2bff8e9c61f58a8d46d18fd8f3149b1f2d76b3c423a7874a5d5811d67cee\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_WIF")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_PUBKEY")]),e._v('))#em3q73l5"')]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# confirm descriptor creates the expected deposit address")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_new_address\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"address"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# sync the wallet and show the balance")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("sync")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_balance\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"satoshi"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("10000")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# create and sign PSBT")]),e._v("\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("UNSIGNED_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $ALICE_DESCRIPTOR create_tx "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--send_all")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--to")]),e._v(" $SWEEP_TO_ADDR:0 "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_SIGNED_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $ALICE_DESCRIPTOR sign "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" $UNSIGNED_PSBT "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"step-2-barbara-signs-alices-signed-psbt-and-broadcasts-the-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-2-barbara-signs-alices-signed-psbt-and-broadcasts-the-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Step 2: Barbara signs Alice's signed PSBT and broadcasts the tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now it's Barbara's turn to use the private text or QR code from her paper wallet to get her private\nkey and the public keys for Grandma and Alice. With this info plus Alice's signed PSBT she can\ncreate a fully signed PSBT to broadcast and complete the sweep of Grandma's funds.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("02e486e32f0f87136fa042cb53219ace8537ea1d036deb2f4293570b94325d11cb\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_WIF")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("cSfMLzSZ9NjWUTqL3sFpgWJssnu2qgmE2cm5N1jPDRRJuDcrsPEB\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("03f1bd2bff8e9c61f58a8d46d18fd8f3149b1f2d76b3c423a7874a5d5811d67cee\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_WIF")]),e._v('))#nxfa5n0z"')]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# confirm descriptor creates the expected deposit address")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_new_address\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"address"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# sync the wallet and show the balance")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("sync")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_balance\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"satoshi"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("10000")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("FINAL_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR sign "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" $ALICE_SIGNED_PSBT "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" broadcast "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$FINAL_PSBT")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"txid"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"9ecd8e6be92b7edd8bf1799f8f7090e58f813825f826bdb771b4cdb444cdeb59"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("And finally we verify that Alice and Barbara successfully created and broadcast Grandma's "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/testnet/tx/9ecd8e6be92b7edd8bf1799f8f7090e58f813825f826bdb771b4cdb444cdeb59",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("sweep tx"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this post we showed how to create a multi-sig descriptor based paper wallet using\n"),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and then sweep the funds from our example paper wallet to a new address. If you\nfound this post interesting please comment below. Or give it a try yourself and if you run into any\nproblems or would like to suggest improvements leave an issue in the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" or\n"),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" github repos. Thanks!")]),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("Wallet Input Format, a string encoding a ECDSA private key https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_import_format "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn2"}},[t("p",[e._v("Unless the user import the WIF directly into bitcoin core "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref2"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn3"}},[t("p",[e._v("Some wallets refers to sweep as the action to create a transaction taking all the funds from the paper wallet and sending those to the wallet itself. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref3"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn4"}},[t("p",[e._v("Ideally, the black zone should be twice as long as the secret part to cover it back and front, long descriptor may leave a shorter black zone, ensure to have you printer set with vertical layout for best results. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref4"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=r.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[58],{410:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var s=a(7),r=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("h2",{attrs:{id:"introduction"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#introduction"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Introduction")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this post, we will use the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to create a multi-owned descriptor-based paper wallet. We will use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" via the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to test our descriptor and to be able to sweep the funds from our paper wallet to a new address.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"about-paper-wallets"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#about-paper-wallets"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" About paper wallets")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Paper wallets have a lot of drawbacks, as explained in the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Paper_wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("paper wallet Wiki article"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", as always, do your own research before deciding to use it with mainnet bitcoins. In this post we will\nonly be using testnet coins.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"descriptors"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#descriptors"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Descriptors")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet/tree/339fa4418d94f6fdd96f3d0301cab8a0bc09e8bd",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("previous version"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" of the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" followed the original paper wallet design: WIF"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(" as secret part with the option to generate a different kind of addresses (legacy, nested segwit, and segwit).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("There were plans to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet/issues/5",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("support mnemonic"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" instead of WIF keys because it may"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn2",id:"fnref2"}},[e._v("[2]")])]),e._v(" save the sweep transaction"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn3",id:"fnref3"}},[e._v("[3]")])]),e._v(" and there are more wallets capable of importing a mnemonic instead of a WIF.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("However, choosing a single address type or having wallet support for a specific format is the kind of problem "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/descriptors"}},[e._v("descriptors")]),e._v(" solve perfectly, so the latest "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" version now accepts a descriptor and the network as parameters.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"example-use-case"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#example-use-case"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Example use case")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("So let's say your grandma wants to buy bitcoin and asked for your help.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You are a little afraid she may lose the private key. At the same time, you don't want to duplicate the keys and give those to her daughters Alice and Barbara, because both of them could spend and accuse the other of having done so.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Even though we trust everyone in the family it is better to play it safe and divide the responsibility of protecting Grandma's bitcoin.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is a perfect case for a 2 of 3 multi-signature paper wallet. This way also protects the participants from having their copy of the wallet stolen. To compromise Grandma's wallet a thief would need to find and steal at least two of them.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Note that you as the wallet creator are still the single point of trust because you are going to generate the keys for everyone. Setups combining self generated keys from the participants is possible future work.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"creating-the-paper-wallet"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#creating-the-paper-wallet"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Creating the paper wallet")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For this example the spending descriptor would be:")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("code",[e._v("wsh(multi(2,Grandma,Alice,Barbara))")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You need "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" installed to use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". The -n option below explicitly selects\ngenerating "),t("code",[e._v("testnet")]),e._v(" keys. Use "),t("code",[e._v("rusty-paper-wallet --help")]),e._v(" to see usage instructions and other\noptions.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("cargo")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("install")]),e._v(" rusty-paper-wallet\n$ rusty-paper-wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,Grandma,Alice,Barbara))"')]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-n")]),e._v(" testnet\ndata:text/html"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("base64,PCFET0N"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("..")]),e._v(".\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/descriptor-based-paper-wallets/data-url.txt"}},[e._v("output")]),e._v(" of the command is very long and has been shortened. The string is a "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("data URI scheme"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" paste-able in the address bar of a browser. By using a data URI no files are written on the hard disk, leaving less trace of secret material on the computer.\nIt's also a good idea to use incognito mode in the browser to prevent it from saving the page in the history.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following is the result:")]),e._v(" "),t("iframe",{staticClass:"example",attrs:{src:"/descriptor-based-paper-wallets/Bitcoin_Paper_Wallet.html"}}),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Under the hood, the command created a key pair randomly for every alias present in the descriptor, then replaced the aliases with the created keys and generated the corresponding address. This address is the same for every paper wallet and it is shown in the upper part of the paper wallet (the public part) along with the alias, linking the paper wallet to the owner.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The lower part is the secret part, the written part is the descriptor with the aliases, followed by a legend linking the aliases with the keys. In the legend, all the keys are public but the one of the owner which is a private WIF. The secret QR code instead contains the descriptor already with the keys.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The paper wallet must then be printed, and it is better to use a printer without wifi and also to be aware that some sensitive data may remain in the printer's cache.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Then the paper wallet must be cut along the dotted lines, the secret part should be folded twice over the black zone"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn4",id:"fnref4"}},[e._v("[4]")])]),e._v(". The black zone helps to avoid showing the secret parts in the presence of back-light. Once the folding is done the paper wallet should be plasticized to prevent being damaged by water.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"bdk"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bdk"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" BDK")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Any descriptor based wallet can be used to check the balance of and sweep the funds from\nGrandma's paper wallet. For this post we'll demonstrate using the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" tool to do these steps.\nAnother area where "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" could be used with "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is to compile a more\ncomplicated miniscript spending policy into a descriptor, as we have done in the "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/02/spending-policy-demo/#step-4-create-wallet-descriptors-for-each-participant"}},[e._v("spending policy demo")]),e._v(" post.")],1),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"funding-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#funding-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Funding tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Since Grandma's wallet was created as a "),t("code",[e._v("wsh")]),e._v(" descriptor, bitcoin can be sent to it from any\nsegwit capable wallet, we'll use a public "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bitcoin testnet faucet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Once the funds are sent the\ndeposit address "),t("code",[e._v("tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw")]),e._v(" we can also use this\naddress and a testnet explorer to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/testnet/address/tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("confirm the funds were received"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"sweep-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sweep-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Sweep tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now that Grandma's paper wallet is funded it's time to demonstrate how to use "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" to sweep these\nfunds to a new address. Let's assume Grandma lost her original paper wallet and has asked\nher daughters to sweep them to a new single signature wallet so she can spend them.")]),e._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"step-1-alice-creates-and-signs-a-psbt"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-1-alice-creates-and-signs-a-psbt"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Step 1: Alice creates and signs a PSBT")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Alice uses the private text or QR code from her paper wallet to find her private key and the\npublic keys for Grandma and Barbara. With this info she creates a PSBT to sweep Grandma's funds\nto a new address (in this example we'll send them back to our "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://bitcoinfaucet.uo1.net/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bitcoin testnet faucet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("). Notice how Alice\nincludes her wallet's descriptor checksum '#em3q73l5', this "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/descriptors.md#checksums",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("guarantees"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" she has entered her descriptor correctly.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("SWEEP_TO_ADDR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("tb1qm5tfegjevj27yvvna9elym9lnzcf0zraxgl8z2\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_WIF")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("cSSKRHDmQEEutp5LD14tAcixu2ehSNPDTqNek1zMa9Pet98qxHq3\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("02a3f3f2658b9812ddeabfbde2fde03f8a65369e4ed621f29fa8ba0cc519b789fb\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("03f1bd2bff8e9c61f58a8d46d18fd8f3149b1f2d76b3c423a7874a5d5811d67cee\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_WIF")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_PUBKEY")]),e._v('))#em3q73l5"')]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# confirm descriptor creates the expected deposit address")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_new_address\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"address"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# sync the wallet and show the balance")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("sync")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_balance\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"satoshi"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("10000")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# create and sign PSBT")]),e._v("\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("UNSIGNED_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $ALICE_DESCRIPTOR create_tx "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--send_all")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--to")]),e._v(" $SWEEP_TO_ADDR:0 "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_SIGNED_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" alice "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $ALICE_DESCRIPTOR sign "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" $UNSIGNED_PSBT "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"step-2-barbara-signs-alices-signed-psbt-and-broadcasts-the-tx"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#step-2-barbara-signs-alices-signed-psbt-and-broadcasts-the-tx"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Step 2: Barbara signs Alice's signed PSBT and broadcasts the tx")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now it's Barbara's turn to use the private text or QR code from her paper wallet to get her private\nkey and the public keys for Grandma and Alice. With this info plus Alice's signed PSBT she can\ncreate a fully signed PSBT to broadcast and complete the sweep of Grandma's funds.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("ALICE_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("02e486e32f0f87136fa042cb53219ace8537ea1d036deb2f4293570b94325d11cb\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_WIF")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("cSfMLzSZ9NjWUTqL3sFpgWJssnu2qgmE2cm5N1jPDRRJuDcrsPEB\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v("03f1bd2bff8e9c61f58a8d46d18fd8f3149b1f2d76b3c423a7874a5d5811d67cee\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"wsh(multi(2,'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$GRANDMA_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$ALICE_PUBKEY")]),e._v(","),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_WIF")]),e._v('))#nxfa5n0z"')]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# confirm descriptor creates the expected deposit address")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_new_address\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"address"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"tb1qu6lcua9w2zkarjj5xwxh3l3qtcxh84hsra3jrvpszh69j2e54x7q3thycw"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("# sync the wallet and show the balance")]),e._v("\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("sync")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" get_balance\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"satoshi"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("10000")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n\n$ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token assign-left variable"}},[e._v("FINAL_PSBT")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$(")]),e._v("bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" $BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR sign "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" $ALICE_SIGNED_PSBT "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v(" jq "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-r")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('".psbt"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v(")")])]),e._v("\n\n$ bdk-cli wallet "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-w")]),e._v(" barbara "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("-d")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$BARBARA_DESCRIPTOR")]),e._v(" broadcast "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token parameter variable"}},[e._v("--psbt")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token variable"}},[e._v("$FINAL_PSBT")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"txid"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin class-name"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"9ecd8e6be92b7edd8bf1799f8f7090e58f813825f826bdb771b4cdb444cdeb59"')]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("And finally we verify that Alice and Barbara successfully created and broadcast Grandma's "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/testnet/tx/9ecd8e6be92b7edd8bf1799f8f7090e58f813825f826bdb771b4cdb444cdeb59",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("sweep tx"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this post we showed how to create a multi-sig descriptor based paper wallet using\n"),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and then sweep the funds from our example paper wallet to a new address. If you\nfound this post interesting please comment below. Or give it a try yourself and if you run into any\nproblems or would like to suggest improvements leave an issue in the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/rusty-paper-wallet",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Rusty Paper Wallet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" or\n"),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk-cli",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk-cli"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" github repos. Thanks!")]),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("Wallet Input Format, a string encoding a ECDSA private key https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_import_format "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn2"}},[t("p",[e._v("Unless the user import the WIF directly into bitcoin core "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref2"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn3"}},[t("p",[e._v("Some wallets refers to sweep as the action to create a transaction taking all the funds from the paper wallet and sending those to the wallet itself. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref3"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn4"}},[t("p",[e._v("Ideally, the black zone should be twice as long as the secret part to cover it back and front, long descriptor may leave a shorter black zone, ensure to have you printer set with vertical layout for best results. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref4"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=r.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/61.0d63a377.js b/assets/js/61.3e8aed26.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/61.0d63a377.js rename to assets/js/61.3e8aed26.js index 0de7be9c22..3f7a4d94ef 100644 --- a/assets/js/61.0d63a377.js +++ b/assets/js/61.3e8aed26.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[61],{421:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var o=a(7),n=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This post is part 2 of 3 of a series. ("),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(", "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-3/"}},[e._v("Part 3")]),e._v(")")],1),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-dataset"}},[e._v("The dataset")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-mempool"}},[e._v("The mempool")])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-outliers"}},[e._v("The outliers")])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#recap"}},[e._v("Recap")])])])])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-dataset"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-dataset"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The dataset")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://storage.googleapis.com/bitcoin_log/dataset_18.csv.gz",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("dataset"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is publicly available (~500MB gzip compressed, ~2GB as plain CSV).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The output of the model is the fee rate, expressed in "),t("code",[e._v("[satoshi/vbytes]")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("What about the inputs? Generally speaking, we have two main requirements for what can be included as input for our model:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("It must be correlated to the output, even with a non-linear relation.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("It must be available to a light client: for instance, assuming to have knowledge and an index of the last 1000 blocks is considered too much.")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("To evaluate the approach we are taking, we also want to compare our model's results with another available estimation: for this reason the dataset includes data to compute the error agains Bitcoin Core's "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" results, even though we are not going to use it for this model.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset will contain only transactions that spend already confirmed inputs. If we wanted to include transactions with unconfirmed inputs as well, the fee rate would have to be computed as a whole;\nfor example if transaction "),t("code",[e._v("t2")]),e._v(" spends an unconfirmed input from "),t("code",[e._v("t1")]),e._v(" (while "),t("code",[e._v("t1")]),e._v(" only spends confirmed inputs, and all its other outputs are unspent), the aggregated fee rate would have to be used.\nSupposing "),t("code",[e._v("f()")]),e._v(" is extracts the absolute fee and "),t("code",[e._v("w()")]),e._v(" the transaction weight, the aggregated fee rate would be "),t("code",[e._v("(f(t1) + f(t2)) / (w(t1) + w(t2))")]),e._v(". Thus, as already said previously, to keep things simple the model simply discards all the transaction\nthat would need to perform this computation.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For the same reason the dataset has the "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" flag. When a transaction has inputs confirmed (so it's not excluded by the previous rule) but one or more of its output have been spent by a transaction confirmed in the same block, "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" is "),t("code",[e._v("1")]),e._v(".\nTransactions with "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp = 1")]),e._v(" are included in the dataset but excluded by the current model, since the miner probably considered an aggregated fee rate while picking the transactions to build a block.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"the-mempool"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-mempool"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The mempool")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The most important input of our model is the current "),t("em",[e._v("status")]),e._v(' of the mempool itself. However, we cannot feed the model with a list of the fee rate of every unconfirmed transaction, because this array would have a variable length.\nTo overcome this, the transaction contained in the mempool are grouped in "buckets" which are basically subsets of the mempool where all the transactions contained in a bucket have a similar fee rate. In particular we only care about the\n'),t("em",[e._v("number")]),e._v(" of transaction in every "),t("em",[e._v("bucket")]),e._v(", not which transactions it contains.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The mempool buckets array is defined by two parameters, the "),t("code",[e._v("percentage_increment")]),e._v(" and the "),t("code",[e._v("array_max")]),e._v(" value.\nStarting from the minimum fee rate value "),t("code",[e._v("min_relay_fee=1.0")]),e._v(", the "),t("code",[e._v("ith")]),e._v(" element is: "),t("code",[e._v("a_i=min_relay_fee * (1+percentage_increment)^(i+1)")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For instance, choosing the mempool buckets array to have parameters "),t("code",[e._v("percentage_increment = 50%")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("array_max = 500.0 sat/vbytes")]),e._v(" the buckets would be constructed like so:")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("bucket")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("bucket min fee rate")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("bucket max fee rate")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_0")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.0")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.5")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.5")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("2.25")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_2")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("2.25")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("3.375")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_15")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("437.89")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("inf")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The array stops at "),t("code",[e._v("a15")]),e._v(" because "),t("code",[e._v("a16")]),e._v(" would have a bucket min greater than "),t("code",[e._v("array_max")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The model is for light-client such as "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("neutrino"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" based ones. In these clients the mempool is already available (it's needed to check for received transactions) but we can't compute fee rates of this transactions because previous confirmed inputs are not in the mempool!")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Luckily, "),t("strong",[e._v("thanks to temporal locality "),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(", an important part of mempool transactions spend outputs created very recently")]),e._v(", for example in the last 6 blocks.\nThe blocks are available through the p2p network, and downloading the last 6 is considered a good compromise between resource consumption and accurate prediction. We need the model to be built with the same data available in the prediction phase, as a consequence "),t("em",[e._v("the mempool data in the dataset refers only to transactions having their inputs in the last 6 blocks")]),e._v(". However the "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin-csv")]),e._v(" tool inside the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/bitcoin_logger",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("data logger"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" allows to configure this parameter.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"the-outliers"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-outliers"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The outliers")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset also contains the block percentile fee rate "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(", considering "),t("code",[e._v("r_i")]),e._v(" to be the rate of the "),t("code",[e._v("ith")]),e._v(" transaction in a block, "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(" is the fee rate value such that for each transaction in a block "),t("code",[e._v("r_i")]),e._v(" < "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(" returns the "),t("code",[e._v("k%")]),e._v(" transactions in the block that are paying lower fees.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Percentiles are not used to feed the model but to filter some outliers tx.\nRemoving this observations is controversial at best and considered cheating at worse. However, it should be considered that Bitcoin Core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" doesn't even bother to give estimation for the next block, we think this is due to the fact that many transactions that are confirming in the next block are huge overestimation, or clearly errors like "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://blockstream.info/tx/33291156ab79e9b4a1019b618b0acfa18cbdf8fa6b71c43a9eed62a849b86f9a",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("this one"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" we found when we started logging data.\nThese outliers are several for transactions confirming in the next block ("),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=1")]),e._v("), less so for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=2")]),e._v(", mostly disappeared for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=3")]),e._v(" or more. It's counterintuitive that overestimation exists for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in>1")]),e._v(", by definition an overestimation is a fee rate way higher than needed, so how is possible that an overestimation doesn't enter the very next block? There are a couple of reasons why a block is discovered without containing a transaction with high fee rate:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("network latency: my node saw the transaction but the miner didn't see that transaction yet,")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("block building latency: the miner saw the transaction, but didn't finish to rebuild the block template or decided it's more efficient to finish a cycle on the older block template.")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("To keep the model balanced, when overestimation is filtered out, underestimation are filtered out as well. This also has the effect to remove some of the transactions possibly included because a fee is payed out-of-band.\nAnother reason to filter transactions is that the dataset is over-represented by transactions with low "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(": more than 50% of transactions get confirmed in the next block, so we think it's good to filter some of these transactions.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The applied filters are the following:")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("lower")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("higher")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q45")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q55")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("2")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q30")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q70")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("3")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q99")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Not yet convinced by the removal of these outliers? The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://storage.googleapis.com/bitcoin_log/dataset_18.csv.gz",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("dataset"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" contains all the observations, make your model 😃")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"recap"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#recap"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Recap")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("column")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("used in the model")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("description")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("txid")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Transaction hash, useful for debugging")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("timestamp")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("converted")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("The time when the transaction has been added in the mempool, in the model is used in the form "),t("code",[e._v("day_of_week")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("hour")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("current_height")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("The blockchain height seen by the node in this moment")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("yes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("This transaction confirmed at block height "),t("code",[e._v("current_height+confirms_in")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("fee_rate")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("target")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("This transaction fee rate measured in "),t("code",[e._v("[sat/vbytes]")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("fee_rate_bytes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("fee rate in satoshi / bytes, used to check Bitcoin Core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" predictions")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("block_avg_fee")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("block average fee rate "),t("code",[e._v("[sat/vbytes]")]),e._v(" of block "),t("code",[e._v("current_height+confirms_in")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("core_econ")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("bitcoin "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" result for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" block target and in economic mode. Could be not available "),t("code",[e._v("?")]),e._v(" when a block is connected more recently than the estimation has been requested, estimation are requested every 10 secs.")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("core_cons")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Same as above but with conservative mode")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("mempool_len")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Sum of the mempool transactions with fee rate available (sum of every "),t("code",[e._v("a*")]),e._v(" field)")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("It's 1 when the transaction has outputs that are spent in the same block in which the transaction is confirmed (they are parent in a CPFP relations).")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("q1-q30-...")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Transaction confirming fast could be outliers, usually paying a lot more than required, this percentiles are used to filter those transactions,")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a1-a2-...")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("yes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Contains the number of transaction in the mempool with known fee rate in the ith bucket.")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/the-good-the-bad-the-ugly.jpg",alt:"The good, the bad and the ugly"}})]),t("div",{attrs:{align:"center"}},[e._v('My biological neural network fired this, I think it\'s because a lot of chapters start with "The"')]),e._v(" "),t("br"),t("br"),t("p"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the previous "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(" we talked about the problem.")],1),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the following "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-3/"}},[e._v("Part 3")]),e._v(" we are going to talk about the model.")],1),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("In computer science temporal locality refers to the tendency to access recent data more often than older data. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[61],{418:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var o=a(7),n=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This post is part 2 of 3 of a series. ("),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(", "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-3/"}},[e._v("Part 3")]),e._v(")")],1),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-dataset"}},[e._v("The dataset")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-mempool"}},[e._v("The mempool")])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#the-outliers"}},[e._v("The outliers")])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#recap"}},[e._v("Recap")])])])])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-dataset"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-dataset"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The dataset")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://storage.googleapis.com/bitcoin_log/dataset_18.csv.gz",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("dataset"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is publicly available (~500MB gzip compressed, ~2GB as plain CSV).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The output of the model is the fee rate, expressed in "),t("code",[e._v("[satoshi/vbytes]")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("What about the inputs? Generally speaking, we have two main requirements for what can be included as input for our model:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("It must be correlated to the output, even with a non-linear relation.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("It must be available to a light client: for instance, assuming to have knowledge and an index of the last 1000 blocks is considered too much.")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("To evaluate the approach we are taking, we also want to compare our model's results with another available estimation: for this reason the dataset includes data to compute the error agains Bitcoin Core's "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" results, even though we are not going to use it for this model.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset will contain only transactions that spend already confirmed inputs. If we wanted to include transactions with unconfirmed inputs as well, the fee rate would have to be computed as a whole;\nfor example if transaction "),t("code",[e._v("t2")]),e._v(" spends an unconfirmed input from "),t("code",[e._v("t1")]),e._v(" (while "),t("code",[e._v("t1")]),e._v(" only spends confirmed inputs, and all its other outputs are unspent), the aggregated fee rate would have to be used.\nSupposing "),t("code",[e._v("f()")]),e._v(" is extracts the absolute fee and "),t("code",[e._v("w()")]),e._v(" the transaction weight, the aggregated fee rate would be "),t("code",[e._v("(f(t1) + f(t2)) / (w(t1) + w(t2))")]),e._v(". Thus, as already said previously, to keep things simple the model simply discards all the transaction\nthat would need to perform this computation.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For the same reason the dataset has the "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" flag. When a transaction has inputs confirmed (so it's not excluded by the previous rule) but one or more of its output have been spent by a transaction confirmed in the same block, "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" is "),t("code",[e._v("1")]),e._v(".\nTransactions with "),t("code",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp = 1")]),e._v(" are included in the dataset but excluded by the current model, since the miner probably considered an aggregated fee rate while picking the transactions to build a block.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"the-mempool"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-mempool"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The mempool")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The most important input of our model is the current "),t("em",[e._v("status")]),e._v(' of the mempool itself. However, we cannot feed the model with a list of the fee rate of every unconfirmed transaction, because this array would have a variable length.\nTo overcome this, the transaction contained in the mempool are grouped in "buckets" which are basically subsets of the mempool where all the transactions contained in a bucket have a similar fee rate. In particular we only care about the\n'),t("em",[e._v("number")]),e._v(" of transaction in every "),t("em",[e._v("bucket")]),e._v(", not which transactions it contains.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The mempool buckets array is defined by two parameters, the "),t("code",[e._v("percentage_increment")]),e._v(" and the "),t("code",[e._v("array_max")]),e._v(" value.\nStarting from the minimum fee rate value "),t("code",[e._v("min_relay_fee=1.0")]),e._v(", the "),t("code",[e._v("ith")]),e._v(" element is: "),t("code",[e._v("a_i=min_relay_fee * (1+percentage_increment)^(i+1)")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For instance, choosing the mempool buckets array to have parameters "),t("code",[e._v("percentage_increment = 50%")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("array_max = 500.0 sat/vbytes")]),e._v(" the buckets would be constructed like so:")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("bucket")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("bucket min fee rate")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("bucket max fee rate")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_0")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.0")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.5")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("1.5")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("2.25")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_2")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("2.25")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("3.375")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a_15")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("437.89")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("inf")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The array stops at "),t("code",[e._v("a15")]),e._v(" because "),t("code",[e._v("a16")]),e._v(" would have a bucket min greater than "),t("code",[e._v("array_max")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The model is for light-client such as "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("neutrino"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" based ones. In these clients the mempool is already available (it's needed to check for received transactions) but we can't compute fee rates of this transactions because previous confirmed inputs are not in the mempool!")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Luckily, "),t("strong",[e._v("thanks to temporal locality "),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(", an important part of mempool transactions spend outputs created very recently")]),e._v(", for example in the last 6 blocks.\nThe blocks are available through the p2p network, and downloading the last 6 is considered a good compromise between resource consumption and accurate prediction. We need the model to be built with the same data available in the prediction phase, as a consequence "),t("em",[e._v("the mempool data in the dataset refers only to transactions having their inputs in the last 6 blocks")]),e._v(". However the "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin-csv")]),e._v(" tool inside the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/bitcoin_logger",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("data logger"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" allows to configure this parameter.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"the-outliers"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-outliers"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The outliers")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset also contains the block percentile fee rate "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(", considering "),t("code",[e._v("r_i")]),e._v(" to be the rate of the "),t("code",[e._v("ith")]),e._v(" transaction in a block, "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(" is the fee rate value such that for each transaction in a block "),t("code",[e._v("r_i")]),e._v(" < "),t("code",[e._v("q_k")]),e._v(" returns the "),t("code",[e._v("k%")]),e._v(" transactions in the block that are paying lower fees.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Percentiles are not used to feed the model but to filter some outliers tx.\nRemoving this observations is controversial at best and considered cheating at worse. However, it should be considered that Bitcoin Core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" doesn't even bother to give estimation for the next block, we think this is due to the fact that many transactions that are confirming in the next block are huge overestimation, or clearly errors like "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://blockstream.info/tx/33291156ab79e9b4a1019b618b0acfa18cbdf8fa6b71c43a9eed62a849b86f9a",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("this one"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" we found when we started logging data.\nThese outliers are several for transactions confirming in the next block ("),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=1")]),e._v("), less so for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=2")]),e._v(", mostly disappeared for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=3")]),e._v(" or more. It's counterintuitive that overestimation exists for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in>1")]),e._v(", by definition an overestimation is a fee rate way higher than needed, so how is possible that an overestimation doesn't enter the very next block? There are a couple of reasons why a block is discovered without containing a transaction with high fee rate:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("network latency: my node saw the transaction but the miner didn't see that transaction yet,")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("block building latency: the miner saw the transaction, but didn't finish to rebuild the block template or decided it's more efficient to finish a cycle on the older block template.")])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("To keep the model balanced, when overestimation is filtered out, underestimation are filtered out as well. This also has the effect to remove some of the transactions possibly included because a fee is payed out-of-band.\nAnother reason to filter transactions is that the dataset is over-represented by transactions with low "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(": more than 50% of transactions get confirmed in the next block, so we think it's good to filter some of these transactions.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The applied filters are the following:")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("lower")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("higher")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q45")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q55")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("2")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q30")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q70")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("3")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q1")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("q99")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Not yet convinced by the removal of these outliers? The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://storage.googleapis.com/bitcoin_log/dataset_18.csv.gz",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("dataset"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" contains all the observations, make your model 😃")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"recap"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#recap"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Recap")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("column")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("used in the model")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("description")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("txid")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Transaction hash, useful for debugging")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("timestamp")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("converted")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("The time when the transaction has been added in the mempool, in the model is used in the form "),t("code",[e._v("day_of_week")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("hour")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("current_height")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("The blockchain height seen by the node in this moment")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("yes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("This transaction confirmed at block height "),t("code",[e._v("current_height+confirms_in")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("fee_rate")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("target")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("This transaction fee rate measured in "),t("code",[e._v("[sat/vbytes]")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("fee_rate_bytes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("fee rate in satoshi / bytes, used to check Bitcoin Core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" predictions")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("block_avg_fee")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("block average fee rate "),t("code",[e._v("[sat/vbytes]")]),e._v(" of block "),t("code",[e._v("current_height+confirms_in")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("core_econ")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("bitcoin "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" result for "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" block target and in economic mode. Could be not available "),t("code",[e._v("?")]),e._v(" when a block is connected more recently than the estimation has been requested, estimation are requested every 10 secs.")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("core_cons")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Same as above but with conservative mode")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("mempool_len")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Sum of the mempool transactions with fee rate available (sum of every "),t("code",[e._v("a*")]),e._v(" field)")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("parent_in_cpfp")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("It's 1 when the transaction has outputs that are spent in the same block in which the transaction is confirmed (they are parent in a CPFP relations).")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("q1-q30-...")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("no")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Transaction confirming fast could be outliers, usually paying a lot more than required, this percentiles are used to filter those transactions,")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("a1-a2-...")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("yes")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("Contains the number of transaction in the mempool with known fee rate in the ith bucket.")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/the-good-the-bad-the-ugly.jpg",alt:"The good, the bad and the ugly"}})]),t("div",{attrs:{align:"center"}},[e._v('My biological neural network fired this, I think it\'s because a lot of chapters start with "The"')]),e._v(" "),t("br"),t("br"),t("p"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the previous "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(" we talked about the problem.")],1),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the following "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-3/"}},[e._v("Part 3")]),e._v(" we are going to talk about the model.")],1),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("In computer science temporal locality refers to the tendency to access recent data more often than older data. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/62.0ba16c72.js b/assets/js/62.860b636e.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/62.0ba16c72.js rename to assets/js/62.860b636e.js index 663323433a..8e65393608 100644 --- a/assets/js/62.0ba16c72.js +++ b/assets/js/62.860b636e.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[62],{418:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var n=a(7),s=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This post is part 3 of 3 of a series. 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At least 1 hour is needed to train the full model, but it heavily depends on the hardware available.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-confirms_in-fee_rate.png",alt:"graph confirm_in blocks vs fee_rate"}})]),t("div",{attrs:{align:"center"}},[e._v("Do you want to choose the fee without a model? In the last 5 weeks a ~50 sat/vbyte transaction never took more than a day to confirm and a ~10 sat/vbyte never took more than a week")]),t("br"),t("p"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("As a reference, in the code we have a calculation of the bitcoin core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" MAE"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(" and drift"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn2",id:"fnref2"}},[e._v("[2]")])]),e._v(".\nMAE is computed as "),t("code",[e._v("avg(abs(fee_rate - core_econ))")]),e._v(" when "),t("code",[e._v("core_econ")]),e._v(" is available (about 1.2M observations, sometime the value is not available when considered too old).")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("estimatesmartfee mode")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("MAE [satoshi/vbytes]")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("drift")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("economic")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("28.77")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("20.79")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("conservative")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("46.49")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("44.73")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("As seen from the table, the error is quite high, but the positive drift suggests "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" prefers to overestimate to avoid transactions not confirming.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('As we said in the introduction, network traffic is correlated with time and we have the timestamp of when the transaction has been first seen, however a ML model doesn\'t like plain numbers too much, but it behaves better with "number that repeats", like categories, so we are converting the timestamp in '),t("code",[e._v("day_of_week")]),e._v(" a number from 0 to 6, and "),t("code",[e._v("hours")]),e._v(" a number from 0 to 24.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"splitting"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#splitting"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Splitting")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset is splitted in training and test data with a 80/20 proportion. 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Trainable parameters are values initialized randomly and changed during the training phase. The trainable parameters are "),t("code",[e._v("7,361")]),e._v(", this number comes from the following, every neuron has an associated bias and a weight for every element in the inputs, thus:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-shell extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-shell"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("48")]),e._v(" input_values_weights + "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("1")]),e._v(" bias"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" * "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("64")]),e._v(" first_layer_neurons"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n+ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("64")]),e._v(" input_values_weights + "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("1")]),e._v(" bias"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" * "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("64")]),e._v(" second layer neurons"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n+ "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("64")]),e._v(" input values weights + "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("1")]),e._v(" bias"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("49")]),e._v("*64+65*64+65 "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v("7361")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("Honestly, neural network parameters are mostly the one taken from this tensorflow "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/regression",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("example"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", we even tried to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/keras_tuner",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("tune hyperparameters"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", however, we decided to follow this "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/overfit_and_underfit#demonstrate_overfitting",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("advice"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(": "),t("em",[e._v('"The simplest way to prevent overfitting is to start with a small model:"')]),e._v(". We hope this work will attract other data scientists to this bitcoin problem, improving the model. We also think that a longer time for the data collection is needed to capture various situations.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("A significant part of a ML model are the activation functions, "),t("code",[e._v("relu")]),e._v(" (Rectified Linear Unit) is one of the most used lately, because it's simple and works well as we learned in this "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youtu.be/aircAruvnKk?t=1035",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("introducing neural network video"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". "),t("code",[e._v("relu")]),e._v(" it's equal to zero for negative values and equal to the input for positive values. Being non-linear allows the whole model to be non-linear.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For the last layer it is different: we want to enforce a minimum for the output, which is the minimum relay fee "),t("code",[e._v("1.0")]),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn3",id:"fnref3"}},[e._v("[3]")])]),e._v(". One could not simply cut the output of the model after prediction because all the training would not consider this constraint. So we need to build a custom activation function that the model training will be able to use for the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent#:~:text=Gradient%20descent%20is%20a%20first,the%20direction%20of%20steepest%20descent.",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("gradient descent"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" optimization step. Luckily this is very simple using tensorflow primitives:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("def clip(x):\n min = tf.constant(1.0)\n return tf.where(tf.less(x, min), min, x)\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("Another important part is the optimizer, when we first read the aforementioned "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/regression",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("example"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" the optimizer used was "),t("code",[e._v("RMSProp")]),e._v(" however the example updated lately and we noticed the optimizer changed in favor of "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" which we read is the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://towardsdatascience.com/adam-latest-trends-in-deep-learning-optimization-6be9a291375c",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("latest trend"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" in data science. We changed the model to use "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" and effectively the training is faster with "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" and even slightly lower error is achieved.\nAnother important parameter is the learning rate, which we set to "),t("code",[e._v("0.01")]),e._v(" after manual trials; however there might be space for improvements such as using "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/compat/v1/train/exponential_decay",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("exponential decay"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", starting with an high learning rate and decreasing it through training epochs.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('The last part of the model configuration is the loss function: the objective of the training is to find the minimum of this function. Usually for regression problem (the ones having a number as output, not a category) the most used is the Mean squared error (MSE). MSE is measured as the average of squared difference between predictions and actual observations, giving larger penalties to large difference because of the square. An interesting property is that the bigger the error the faster the changes is good at the beginning of the training, while slowing down when the model predicts better is desirable to avoid "jumping out" the local minimum.')]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"finally-the-model-training"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#finally-the-model-training"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Finally, the model training")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("PATIENCE = 20\nMAX_EPOCHS = 200\n\ndef train():\n early_stop = keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=PATIENCE)\n history = model.fit(train_ds, epochs=MAX_EPOCHS, validation_data=val_ds, verbose=1, callbacks=[early_stop])\n return history\n\nhistory = train()\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("This steps is the core of the neural network, it takes a while, let's analyze the output:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("Epoch 1/200\n7559/7559 [==============================] - 34s 3ms/step - loss: 547.8023 - mae: 16.9547 - mse: 547.8023 - val_loss: 300.5965 - val_ma\ne: 11.9202 - val_mse: 300.5965\n...\nEpoch 158/200\n7559/7559 [==============================] - 31s 3ms/step - loss: 163.2548 - mae: 8.3126 - mse: 163.2548 - val_loss: 164.8296 - val_mae: 8.3402 - val_mse: 164.8296\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("Training is done in epochs, under every epoch all the training data is iterated and model parameters updated to minimize the loss function.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The number "),t("code",[e._v("7559")]),e._v(" represent the number of steps. Theoretically the whole training data should be processed at once and parameters updated accordingly, however in practice this is infeasible for example for memory resource, thus the training happens in batch. In our case we have "),t("code",[e._v("1,934,999")]),e._v(" observations in the training set and our batch size is "),t("code",[e._v("256")]),e._v(", thus we have "),t("code",[e._v("1,437,841/256=7,558.58")]),e._v(" which by excess result in "),t("code",[e._v("7559")]),e._v(" steps.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("code",[e._v("~31s")]),e._v(" is the time it takes to process the epoch on a threadripper CPU but GPU or TPU could do better.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The value "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" is the MSE on the training data while "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" is the MSE value on the validation data. As far as we understand the separated validation data helps to detect the machine learning enemy, overfitting. Because in case of overfitting the value "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" continue to improve (almost indefinitely) while "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" start improving with the loss but a certain point diverge, indicating the network is memorizing the training data to improve "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" but in doing so losing generalizing capabilities.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Our model doesn't look to suffer overfitting cause "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" doesn't diverge during training")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-train-history.png",alt:"train history"}})]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("While we told the training to do 200 epochs, the training stopped at 158 because we added an "),t("code",[e._v("early_stop")]),e._v(" call back with "),t("code",[e._v("20")]),e._v(" as "),t("code",[e._v("PATIENCE")]),e._v(", meaning that after 20 epoch and no improvement in "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" the training is halted, saving time and potentially avoiding overfitting.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-prediction-phase"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-prediction-phase"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The prediction phase")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("A "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is available on github. At the moment it uses a bitcoin core node to provide network data for simplicity, but it queries it only for the mempool and the last 6 blocks, so it's something that also a light-client could do"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn4",id:"fnref4"}},[e._v("[4]")])]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following chart is probably the best visualization to evaluate the model, on the x axis there is the real fee rate while on the y axis there is the prediction, the more the points are centered on the bisection, the more the model is good.\nWe can see the model is doing quite well, the MAE is 8 which is way lower than "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(". However, there are big errors some times, in particular for prediction for fast confirmation ("),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=1 or confirms_in=2")]),e._v(") as shown by the orange points. Creating a model only for blocks target greater than 2 instead of simply remove some observations may be an option.")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-true-and-predictions.png",alt:"prediction results"}})]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following chart is instead a distribution of the errors, which for good model should resemble the normal distribution centered in 0, and it loooks like the model is respecting that.")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-error-distribution.png",alt:"error distribution"}})]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion-and-future-development"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion-and-future-development"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion and future development")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The results have shown deep neural network are a tool capable of good bitcoin transaction fee estimations; this suggests that further ML research in this area might be promising.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is just a starting point, there are many future improvements such as:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("Build a separate model with full knowledge, thus for full, always-connected nodes could be interesting and improve network resource allocation with respect to current estimators.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Tensorflow is a huge dependency, and since it contains all the feature to build and train a model, most of the feature are not needed in the prediction phase. In fact tensorflow lite exists which is specifically created for embedded and mobile devices; the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and the final integration in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" should use it.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Explore other fields to improve model predictions such as:\n"),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("A bucket array of the transactions in the last 6 blocks with known fee rates. This should in particular help estimations with almost empty mempool.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Transaction weight")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Time from last block")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Some fields are very important and could benefit from pre-processing expansion, for instance applying "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/structured_data/feature_columns#hashed_feature_columns",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("hashed feature columns"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" to "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Bitcoin logger could be improved by a merge command to unify raw logs files, reducing redundancy and consequently disk occupation.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("The dataset could be created in multiple files to allow more parallelism and use less memory during training.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Saving the dataset in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/load_data/tfrecord",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("TFRecord format"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" instead of CSV")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("At the moment we are training the model on a threadripper CPU, training the code on GPU or even TPU will be needed to decrease training time, especially because input data will grow.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" should estimate only using the p2p bitcoin network, without requiring a node. This work would be propedeutic for "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" integration")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("At the moment mempool buckets are multiple inputs "),t("code",[e._v("a*")]),e._v(" as show in the model graph; since they are related, is it possible to merge them in one TensorArray?")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Sometimes the model does not learn and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/bitcoin_logger/blob/master/notes.md",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("gets stuck"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". The reason is the "),t("code",[e._v("clip")]),e._v(" function applied in the last layer is constant for a value lower than 1. In this case, the derivative is 0 and the gradient descent doesn't know where to go. Instead of using the "),t("code",[e._v("clip")]),e._v(" function apply penalties to the loss function for values lower than 1.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("There are issues regarding dead neurons (going to 0) or neurons with big weight, weight results should be monitored for this events, and also weight decay and L2 regularization should be explored.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Tune hyper-parameters technique should be re-tested.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Predictions should be monotonic decreasing for growing "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" parameter; for obvious reason it doesn't make sense that an higher fee rate will result in a higher confirmation time. But since this is not enforced anywhere in the model, at the moment this could happen.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Since nodes with bloom filter disabled doesn't serve the mempool anymore, a model based only on last blocks should be evaluated.")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"acknowledgements"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#acknowledgements"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Acknowledgements")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Thanks to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://squarecrypto.org/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Square crypto"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" for sponsoring this work and thanks to the reviewers: "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/LeoComandini",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Leonardo Comandini"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/domegabri",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Domenico Gabriele"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Alekos Filini"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/Ferdinando1970",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Ferdinando Ametrano"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("And also this tweet that remembered me "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/RCasatta",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" had this work in my TODO list")]),e._v(" "),t("blockquote",{staticClass:"twitter-tweet"},[t("p",{attrs:{lang:"en",dir:"ltr"}},[e._v("I don't understand Machine Learning(ML), but is it horrible to use ML to predict bitcoin fees? "),t("br"),t("br"),e._v('I have heard tales of this "Deep Learning" thing where you throw a bunch of data at it and it gives you good results with high accuracy.')]),e._v("— sanket1729 (@sanket1729) "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/sanket1729/status/1336624662365822977?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"}},[e._v("December 9, 2020")])]),e._v(" "),t("script",{attrs:{async:"",src:"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js",charset:"utf-8"}}),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is the final part of the series. In the previous "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(" we talked about the problem and in "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-2/"}},[e._v("Part 2")]),e._v(" we talked about the dataset.")],1),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("MAE is Mean Absolute Error, which is the average of the series built by the absolute difference between the real value and the estimation. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn2"}},[t("p",[e._v("drift like MAE, but without the absolute value "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref2"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn3"}},[t("p",[e._v("Most node won't relay transactions with fee lower than the min relay fee, which has a default of "),t("code",[e._v("1.0")]),e._v(" "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref3"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn4"}},[t("p",[e._v("An important issue emerged after the article came out, a bitcoin core client with bloom filter disabled (default as of 0.21) doesn't serve the mempool via p2p. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref4"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[62],{419:function(e,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var n=a(7),s=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This post is part 3 of 3 of a series. 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At least 1 hour is needed to train the full model, but it heavily depends on the hardware available.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-confirms_in-fee_rate.png",alt:"graph confirm_in blocks vs fee_rate"}})]),t("div",{attrs:{align:"center"}},[e._v("Do you want to choose the fee without a model? In the last 5 weeks a ~50 sat/vbyte transaction never took more than a day to confirm and a ~10 sat/vbyte never took more than a week")]),t("br"),t("p"),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("As a reference, in the code we have a calculation of the bitcoin core "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" MAE"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn1",id:"fnref1"}},[e._v("[1]")])]),e._v(" and drift"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn2",id:"fnref2"}},[e._v("[2]")])]),e._v(".\nMAE is computed as "),t("code",[e._v("avg(abs(fee_rate - core_econ))")]),e._v(" when "),t("code",[e._v("core_econ")]),e._v(" is available (about 1.2M observations, sometime the value is not available when considered too old).")]),e._v(" "),t("table",[t("thead",[t("tr",[t("th",[e._v("estimatesmartfee mode")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("MAE [satoshi/vbytes]")]),e._v(" "),t("th",[e._v("drift")])])]),e._v(" "),t("tbody",[t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("economic")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("28.77")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("20.79")])]),e._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[e._v("conservative")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("46.49")]),e._v(" "),t("td",[e._v("44.73")])])])]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("As seen from the table, the error is quite high, but the positive drift suggests "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(" prefers to overestimate to avoid transactions not confirming.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('As we said in the introduction, network traffic is correlated with time and we have the timestamp of when the transaction has been first seen, however a ML model doesn\'t like plain numbers too much, but it behaves better with "number that repeats", like categories, so we are converting the timestamp in '),t("code",[e._v("day_of_week")]),e._v(" a number from 0 to 6, and "),t("code",[e._v("hours")]),e._v(" a number from 0 to 24.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"splitting"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#splitting"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Splitting")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The dataset is splitted in training and test data with a 80/20 proportion. As the name suggest the training part is used to train the model, the test is composed of other observations to test if the model is good with observations that has never seen (proving the model can generalize, not just memorizing the answer).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("During the training the data is splitted again in 80/20 for training and validation respectively, validation is basically testing during training.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("During splitting, the dataset is converted from a pandas data frame to tensorflow dataset, decreasing training times.")]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"preprocessing"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#preprocessing"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Preprocessing")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The preprocessing phase is part of the model however it contains transformations without parameters trained by the model.\nThis transformations are useful because model trains better if data are in some format, and having this phase inside the model helps to avoid to prepare the data before feeding the model at prediction phase.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Our model performs 2 kind of preprocessing:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[t("p",[e._v("Normalization: model trains faster if numerical features have mean 0 and standard deviation equal to 1, so this layer is built by computing the "),t("code",[e._v("mean")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("std")]),e._v(" from the series of a feature before training, and the model is feed with "),t("code",[e._v("(feature - mean)/std")]),e._v(". 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Trainable parameters are values initialized randomly and changed during the training phase. 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We hope this work will attract other data scientists to this bitcoin problem, improving the model. We also think that a longer time for the data collection is needed to capture various situations.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("A significant part of a ML model are the activation functions, "),t("code",[e._v("relu")]),e._v(" (Rectified Linear Unit) is one of the most used lately, because it's simple and works well as we learned in this "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youtu.be/aircAruvnKk?t=1035",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("introducing neural network video"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". "),t("code",[e._v("relu")]),e._v(" it's equal to zero for negative values and equal to the input for positive values. Being non-linear allows the whole model to be non-linear.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For the last layer it is different: we want to enforce a minimum for the output, which is the minimum relay fee "),t("code",[e._v("1.0")]),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn3",id:"fnref3"}},[e._v("[3]")])]),e._v(". One could not simply cut the output of the model after prediction because all the training would not consider this constraint. So we need to build a custom activation function that the model training will be able to use for the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent#:~:text=Gradient%20descent%20is%20a%20first,the%20direction%20of%20steepest%20descent.",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("gradient descent"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" optimization step. Luckily this is very simple using tensorflow primitives:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("def clip(x):\n min = tf.constant(1.0)\n return tf.where(tf.less(x, min), min, x)\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("Another important part is the optimizer, when we first read the aforementioned "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/keras/regression",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("example"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" the optimizer used was "),t("code",[e._v("RMSProp")]),e._v(" however the example updated lately and we noticed the optimizer changed in favor of "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" which we read is the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://towardsdatascience.com/adam-latest-trends-in-deep-learning-optimization-6be9a291375c",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("latest trend"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" in data science. We changed the model to use "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" and effectively the training is faster with "),t("code",[e._v("Adam")]),e._v(" and even slightly lower error is achieved.\nAnother important parameter is the learning rate, which we set to "),t("code",[e._v("0.01")]),e._v(" after manual trials; however there might be space for improvements such as using "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/compat/v1/train/exponential_decay",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("exponential decay"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", starting with an high learning rate and decreasing it through training epochs.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('The last part of the model configuration is the loss function: the objective of the training is to find the minimum of this function. Usually for regression problem (the ones having a number as output, not a category) the most used is the Mean squared error (MSE). MSE is measured as the average of squared difference between predictions and actual observations, giving larger penalties to large difference because of the square. An interesting property is that the bigger the error the faster the changes is good at the beginning of the training, while slowing down when the model predicts better is desirable to avoid "jumping out" the local minimum.')]),e._v(" "),t("h4",{attrs:{id:"finally-the-model-training"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#finally-the-model-training"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Finally, the model training")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("PATIENCE = 20\nMAX_EPOCHS = 200\n\ndef train():\n early_stop = keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=PATIENCE)\n history = model.fit(train_ds, epochs=MAX_EPOCHS, validation_data=val_ds, verbose=1, callbacks=[early_stop])\n return history\n\nhistory = train()\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("This steps is the core of the neural network, it takes a while, let's analyze the output:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("Epoch 1/200\n7559/7559 [==============================] - 34s 3ms/step - loss: 547.8023 - mae: 16.9547 - mse: 547.8023 - val_loss: 300.5965 - val_ma\ne: 11.9202 - val_mse: 300.5965\n...\nEpoch 158/200\n7559/7559 [==============================] - 31s 3ms/step - loss: 163.2548 - mae: 8.3126 - mse: 163.2548 - val_loss: 164.8296 - val_mae: 8.3402 - val_mse: 164.8296\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("Training is done in epochs, under every epoch all the training data is iterated and model parameters updated to minimize the loss function.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The number "),t("code",[e._v("7559")]),e._v(" represent the number of steps. Theoretically the whole training data should be processed at once and parameters updated accordingly, however in practice this is infeasible for example for memory resource, thus the training happens in batch. In our case we have "),t("code",[e._v("1,934,999")]),e._v(" observations in the training set and our batch size is "),t("code",[e._v("256")]),e._v(", thus we have "),t("code",[e._v("1,437,841/256=7,558.58")]),e._v(" which by excess result in "),t("code",[e._v("7559")]),e._v(" steps.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The "),t("code",[e._v("~31s")]),e._v(" is the time it takes to process the epoch on a threadripper CPU but GPU or TPU could do better.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The value "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" is the MSE on the training data while "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" is the MSE value on the validation data. As far as we understand the separated validation data helps to detect the machine learning enemy, overfitting. Because in case of overfitting the value "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" continue to improve (almost indefinitely) while "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" start improving with the loss but a certain point diverge, indicating the network is memorizing the training data to improve "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" but in doing so losing generalizing capabilities.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Our model doesn't look to suffer overfitting cause "),t("code",[e._v("loss")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" doesn't diverge during training")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-train-history.png",alt:"train history"}})]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("While we told the training to do 200 epochs, the training stopped at 158 because we added an "),t("code",[e._v("early_stop")]),e._v(" call back with "),t("code",[e._v("20")]),e._v(" as "),t("code",[e._v("PATIENCE")]),e._v(", meaning that after 20 epoch and no improvement in "),t("code",[e._v("val_loss")]),e._v(" the training is halted, saving time and potentially avoiding overfitting.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"the-prediction-phase"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#the-prediction-phase"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" The prediction phase")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("A "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" is available on github. At the moment it uses a bitcoin core node to provide network data for simplicity, but it queries it only for the mempool and the last 6 blocks, so it's something that also a light-client could do"),t("sup",{staticClass:"footnote-ref"},[t("a",{attrs:{href:"#fn4",id:"fnref4"}},[e._v("[4]")])]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following chart is probably the best visualization to evaluate the model, on the x axis there is the real fee rate while on the y axis there is the prediction, the more the points are centered on the bisection, the more the model is good.\nWe can see the model is doing quite well, the MAE is 8 which is way lower than "),t("code",[e._v("estimatesmartfee")]),e._v(". However, there are big errors some times, in particular for prediction for fast confirmation ("),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in=1 or confirms_in=2")]),e._v(") as shown by the orange points. Creating a model only for blocks target greater than 2 instead of simply remove some observations may be an option.")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-true-and-predictions.png",alt:"prediction results"}})]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The following chart is instead a distribution of the errors, which for good model should resemble the normal distribution centered in 0, and it loooks like the model is respecting that.")]),e._v(" "),t("figure",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/fee-estimation-for-light-clients/20210125-091313-error-distribution.png",alt:"error distribution"}})]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion-and-future-development"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion-and-future-development"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion and future development")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The results have shown deep neural network are a tool capable of good bitcoin transaction fee estimations; this suggests that further ML research in this area might be promising.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is just a starting point, there are many future improvements such as:")]),e._v(" "),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("Build a separate model with full knowledge, thus for full, always-connected nodes could be interesting and improve network resource allocation with respect to current estimators.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Tensorflow is a huge dependency, and since it contains all the feature to build and train a model, most of the feature are not needed in the prediction phase. In fact tensorflow lite exists which is specifically created for embedded and mobile devices; the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and the final integration in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" should use it.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Explore other fields to improve model predictions such as:\n"),t("ul",[t("li",[e._v("A bucket array of the transactions in the last 6 blocks with known fee rates. This should in particular help estimations with almost empty mempool.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Transaction weight")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Time from last block")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Some fields are very important and could benefit from pre-processing expansion, for instance applying "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/structured_data/feature_columns#hashed_feature_columns",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("hashed feature columns"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" to "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Bitcoin logger could be improved by a merge command to unify raw logs files, reducing redundancy and consequently disk occupation.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("The dataset could be created in multiple files to allow more parallelism and use less memory during training.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Saving the dataset in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/load_data/tfrecord",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("TFRecord format"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" instead of CSV")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("At the moment we are training the model on a threadripper CPU, training the code on GPU or even TPU will be needed to decrease training time, especially because input data will grow.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("The "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/estimate_ml_fee",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("prediction test tool"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" should estimate only using the p2p bitcoin network, without requiring a node. This work would be propedeutic for "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("bdk"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" integration")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("At the moment mempool buckets are multiple inputs "),t("code",[e._v("a*")]),e._v(" as show in the model graph; since they are related, is it possible to merge them in one TensorArray?")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Sometimes the model does not learn and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/RCasatta/bitcoin_logger/blob/master/notes.md",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("gets stuck"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". The reason is the "),t("code",[e._v("clip")]),e._v(" function applied in the last layer is constant for a value lower than 1. In this case, the derivative is 0 and the gradient descent doesn't know where to go. Instead of using the "),t("code",[e._v("clip")]),e._v(" function apply penalties to the loss function for values lower than 1.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("There are issues regarding dead neurons (going to 0) or neurons with big weight, weight results should be monitored for this events, and also weight decay and L2 regularization should be explored.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Tune hyper-parameters technique should be re-tested.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Predictions should be monotonic decreasing for growing "),t("code",[e._v("confirms_in")]),e._v(" parameter; for obvious reason it doesn't make sense that an higher fee rate will result in a higher confirmation time. But since this is not enforced anywhere in the model, at the moment this could happen.")]),e._v(" "),t("li",[e._v("Since nodes with bloom filter disabled doesn't serve the mempool anymore, a model based only on last blocks should be evaluated.")])]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"acknowledgements"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#acknowledgements"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Acknowledgements")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Thanks to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://squarecrypto.org/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Square crypto"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" for sponsoring this work and thanks to the reviewers: "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/LeoComandini",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Leonardo Comandini"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/domegabri",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Domenico Gabriele"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Alekos Filini"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/Ferdinando1970",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Ferdinando Ametrano"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("And also this tweet that remembered me "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/RCasatta",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" had this work in my TODO list")]),e._v(" "),t("blockquote",{staticClass:"twitter-tweet"},[t("p",{attrs:{lang:"en",dir:"ltr"}},[e._v("I don't understand Machine Learning(ML), but is it horrible to use ML to predict bitcoin fees? "),t("br"),t("br"),e._v('I have heard tales of this "Deep Learning" thing where you throw a bunch of data at it and it gives you good results with high accuracy.')]),e._v("— sanket1729 (@sanket1729) "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/sanket1729/status/1336624662365822977?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"}},[e._v("December 9, 2020")])]),e._v(" "),t("script",{attrs:{async:"",src:"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js",charset:"utf-8"}}),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("This is the final part of the series. In the previous "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/"}},[e._v("Part 1")]),e._v(" we talked about the problem and in "),t("RouterLink",{attrs:{to:"/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-2/"}},[e._v("Part 2")]),e._v(" we talked about the dataset.")],1),e._v(" "),t("hr",{staticClass:"footnotes-sep"}),e._v(" "),t("section",{staticClass:"footnotes"},[t("ol",{staticClass:"footnotes-list"},[t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn1"}},[t("p",[e._v("MAE is Mean Absolute Error, which is the average of the series built by the absolute difference between the real value and the estimation. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref1"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn2"}},[t("p",[e._v("drift like MAE, but without the absolute value "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref2"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn3"}},[t("p",[e._v("Most node won't relay transactions with fee lower than the min relay fee, which has a default of "),t("code",[e._v("1.0")]),e._v(" "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref3"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])]),e._v(" "),t("li",{staticClass:"footnote-item",attrs:{id:"fn4"}},[t("p",[e._v("An important issue emerged after the article came out, a bitcoin core client with bloom filter disabled (default as of 0.21) doesn't serve the mempool via p2p. "),t("a",{staticClass:"footnote-backref",attrs:{href:"#fnref4"}},[e._v("↩︎")])])])])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/63.c26537c6.js b/assets/js/63.7c4a6eb3.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/63.c26537c6.js rename to assets/js/63.7c4a6eb3.js index eaf42be3af..f0015dfb96 100644 --- a/assets/js/63.c26537c6.js +++ b/assets/js/63.7c4a6eb3.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[63],{419:function(e,t,s){"use strict";s.r(t);var n=s(7),a=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This is the first of a two-parts blog series in which I will try to explain all the changes that I made to BDK (and some of its dependencies) to make our "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini/status/1459763243556163584",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("first Taproot transaction in mainnet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which also\nturned out to be "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini/status/1459774394054725634",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("the first ever use of the new "),t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),e._v(" opcode"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Hopefully this will give an insight into what kind of changes need to be made to a wallet in order to support spending "),t("code",[e._v("P2TR")]),e._v(" outputs, both with key-spend and script-spend. BDK actually delegates\nmost of the hard work to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", and luckily most of the Taproot code was already implemented by the time I started working on it. I only had to patch a few little bugs here and there, and it ended up\nworking flawlessly in the end.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this first part I will focus on the changes made to our dependencies, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". In the second part I will talk about BDK itself.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"backstory"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#backstory"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Backstory")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("On the evening of Thursday, November 11th I was attending our weekly "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.satoshispritz.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Satoshi Spritz"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" meetup in Milan. The activation of Taproot was right around the corner, and naturally that was the main discussion\ntopic that night. The activation was forecasted for the early afternoon of Sunday, November 14th, a little less than 72h later.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I began to wonder how hard it would be to patch BDK and add support for Taproot. I knew most of the work had already been done in our main dependencies, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", and so I decided\nto challenge myself: could I make it in time for the activation?")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('The following day I started digging into the topic. It didn\'t help that up until that time I only had a rather "high level" idea of how Taproot worked, but luckily all the BIPs were very well written and\nstraightforward to understand.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("By Friday night (or rather, early Saturday morning) "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/signet/tx/ba0ebb350717701ca4ea109aadfbaf3058f6cd73e5ece3927ddee653de06cf5a",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I had Taproot key-spend working"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which made me pretty optimistic even though the activation date was actually moving closer, now being forecasted for\nSunday "),t("em",[e._v("morning")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("After a few hours of sleep I went back to work and by early Saturday afternoon "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/signet/tx/41d7d49f9f4edffa9ca88ad6fb887fbf1ae68f9f31def267fdb3a5949f766bf5",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I had Taproot script-spend working as well"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". This left me a few hours to coordinate with some friends and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/address/1Taproote7gvQGKz5g982ecSbPvqJhMUf",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("generate a vanity address"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("\nto deposit funds into temporarily, as we didn't trust sending them to Taproot addresses before the activation (as they were anyone-can-spend according to the pre-activation rules).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("After another pretty short night, I woke up a 5:30 AM on Sunday to monitor the activation. I broadcasted our transactions shortly after 6:00 AM as the activation block was being mined. Unfortunately, the first\nthree blocks that were enforcing Taproot rules "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2021-November/019598.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("didn't include any Taproot transaction"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which indicates that the miners weren't actually running the new Bitcoin Core 22.0 nodes. The fourth block, mined by "),t("code",[e._v("Foundry USA")]),e._v(" "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/2eb8dbaa346d4be4e82fe444c2f0be00654d8cfd8c4a9a61b11aeaab8c00b272",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("included my transaction"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/achow101/status/1459760452775387136?s=20",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a few others"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the end our transaction was the third Taproot script-spend in the block, but the first to use the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki#script-execution",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" opcode, as the two preceding it were respectively "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/37777defed8717c581b4c0509329550e344bdc14ac38f71fc050096887e535c8",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a single-sig"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/905ecdf95a84804b192f4dc221cfed4d77959b81ed66013a7e41a6e61e7ed530",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a 2-of-2 multisig"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("\nscript, made with with two "),t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIG(VERIFY)")]),e._v("s.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now, with the context out of the way, we can begin talking about the code!")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"rust-bitcoin"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-bitcoin"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" rust-bitcoin")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The first dependency I had to update was "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Most of the taproot stuff were already merged in "),t("code",[e._v("master")]),e._v(" (altough they hadn't been released yet). One notable missing part was the support for "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0371.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP371")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(",\nwhich is an extension of "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP174")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", aka the "),t("code",[e._v("Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction")]),e._v(" BIP. This new BIP defines a few new fields that are required to properly handle Taproot transactions.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Luckily most of the work had already been done by "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/sanket1729",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("sanket1729"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", so I forked his branch and made only few very minor changes, just to expose a structure that I will have to use later which in his code wasn't public.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You can find all the commits mentioned here in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/tree/taproot-testing",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my rust-bitcoin "),t("code",[e._v("taproot-testing")]),e._v(" branch"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git diff 187234f f830df9\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs\nindex 87d9c36..d5e5802 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_mut)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(dead_code)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_imports)]\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(missing_docs)]\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_must_use)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(broken_intra_doc_links)]\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/util/taproot.rs b/src/util/taproot.rs\nindex 674eeee..3d56cbc 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/util/taproot.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/util/taproot.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ impl TaprootBuilder {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("// Internally used structure to represent the node information in taproot tree\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("pub(crate) struct NodeInfo {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("pub struct NodeInfo {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// Merkle Hash for this node\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub(crate) hash: sha256::Hash,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// information about leaves inside this node\n")])]),e._v("@@ -448,8 +448,12 @@ pub(crate) struct NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl NodeInfo {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn hash(&self) -> &sha256::Hash {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" &self.hash\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Create a new NodeInfo with omitted/hidden info\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn new_hidden(hash: sha256::Hash) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn new_hidden(hash: sha256::Hash) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Self {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" hash: hash,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" leaves: vec![],\n")])]),e._v("@@ -457,7 +461,7 @@ impl NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Create a new leaf with NodeInfo\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn new_leaf_with_ver(script: Script, ver: LeafVersion) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn new_leaf_with_ver(script: Script, ver: LeafVersion) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let leaf = LeafInfo::new(script, ver);\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Self {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" hash: leaf.hash(),\n")])]),e._v("@@ -466,7 +470,7 @@ impl NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Combine two NodeInfo's to create a new parent\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn combine(a: Self, b: Self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn combine(a: Self, b: Self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut all_leaves = Vec::with_capacity(a.leaves.len() + b.leaves.len());\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for mut a_leaf in a.leaves {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" a_leaf.merkle_branch.push(b.hash)?; // add hashing partner\n")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("There isn't much to explain here: I disabled the "),t("code",[e._v("missing_docs")]),e._v(" lint so that the compiler wouldn't complain about the new public methods that aren't documented.\nThen, I added a getter for the "),t("code",[e._v("hash")]),e._v(" field of "),t("code",[e._v("NodeInfo")]),e._v(" and made the struct itself and a bunch of methods public.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('We will use this structure later to recover the merkle root of a Taproot script tree, given one leaf and the other "hidden" branches.')]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"rust-miniscript"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-miniscript"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" rust-miniscript")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Moving on to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(': once again, most of the work required to support Taproot had already been done, but this time I was working with very "early" prototype-like code, so I was prepared to\nmake some changes to the code to get it to work how I wanted.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Instead of showing one big diff I will talk about the commits individually, which I think will help making more clear what I was doing.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Once again, you can find all the commits referenced here in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-miniscript/tree/taproot",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my rust-miniscript "),t("code",[e._v("taproot")]),e._v(" branch"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 34cf15b\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 34cf15b3aac1d8c2693af1b9749b888f3f29e510\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Fri Nov 12 12:06:35 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix TapTree iter depth\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 79d3c05..314c7f4 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl TapTree {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// Iterate over all miniscripts\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn iter(&self) -> TapTreeIter {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTreeIter { stack: vec![self] }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTreeIter { stack: vec![(0, self)] }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Helper function to translate keys\n")])]),e._v("@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pub struct TapTreeIter<'a, Pk: MiniscriptKey>\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("where\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Pk: 'a,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("{\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" stack: Vec<&'a TapTree>,\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" stack: Vec<(usize, &'a TapTree)>,\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl<'a, Pk> Iterator for TapTreeIter<'a, Pk>\n")])]),e._v("@@ -273,13 +273,13 @@ where\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" while !self.stack.is_empty() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let last = self.stack.pop().expect("Size checked above");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let (depth, last) = self.stack.pop().expect("Size checked above");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match &*last {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Tree(l, r) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push(&r);\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push(&l);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push((depth + 1, &r));\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push((depth + 1, &l));\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Leaf(ref ms) => return Some((self.stack.len(), ms)),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Leaf(ref ms) => return Some((depth, ms)),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")])])])])]),t("p",[t("code",[e._v("TapTreeIterator")]),e._v(" is an iterator that goes through a "),t("code",[e._v("TapTree")]),e._v(" and yields a "),t("code",[e._v("(depth, node)")]),e._v(" pair. This is then fed to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-miniscript/blob/taproot/src/descriptor/tr.rs#L183-L189",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("TaprootBuilder")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which returns an error if trying to insert nodes\nin "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/blob/taproot-testing/src/util/taproot.rs#L403-L405",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("an order that is not DFS"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The way the depth was computed before made the builder always fail for non-trivial trees (i.e. more than 1 node).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Here I decided to play the safe card, and just keep track of the depth explicitly: I think there might be a way to compute the depth just knowing the "),t("code",[e._v("self.stack.len()")]),e._v(" (assuming the tree has a specific structure,\nwhich I'm not sure applies here), but anyway I didn't have much time to think about it and I just went for the \"dumb but idiot-proof\" way which ended up working fine.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show f4a3459\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit f4a3459128e37ca0c2701b8b6da064d4952296ff\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:15:52 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Switch rust-bitcoin rev\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml\nindex 12825e8..8240024 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/Cargo.toml")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/Cargo.toml")]),e._v('\n@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rand = ["bitcoin/rand"]\n\n'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("[dependencies]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('# bitcoin = "0.27"\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('bitcoin = {git = "https://github.com/sanket1729/rust-bitcoin", branch = "taproot_psbt"}\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('bitcoin = { git = "https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin.git", branch = "taproot-testing" }\n')])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("[dependencies.serde]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('version = "1.0"\n')])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("Trivial commit, switch to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/tree/taproot-testing",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my fork of rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" so that I can make changes if necessary.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 0446b16\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 0446b1631cec9f7118d46f0f4c94ccd20de29f94\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:25:18 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Parse x-only keys\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/key.rs b/src/descriptor/key.rs\nindex 4108d00..b7f90b5 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/key.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/key.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ impl FromStr for DescriptorPublicKey {\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' // A "raw" public key without any origin is the least we accept.\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if s.len() < 66 {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if s.len() < 64 {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" return Err(DescriptorKeyParseError(\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' "Key too short (<66 char), doesn\'t match any format",\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' "Key too short (<64 char), doesn\'t match any format",\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" ));\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n@@ -301,6 +301,14 @@ impl FromStr for DescriptorPublicKey {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" derivation_path,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wildcard,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }))\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else if key_part.len() == 64 {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // x-only pubkey, prefix it with `02`\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let key = bitcoin::PublicKey::from_str(&format!("02{}", key_part))\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .map_err(|_| DescriptorKeyParseError("Error while parsing x-only public key"))?;\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::SinglePub(DescriptorSinglePub {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" key,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" origin,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }))\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if key_part.len() >= 2\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' && !(&key_part[0..2] == "02" || &key_part[0..2] == "03" || &key_part[0..2] == "04")\n')])]),e._v("diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs\nindex e168b16..3a2335e 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(non_snake_case)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_mut)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(dead_code)]\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_imports)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(missing_docs)]\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("pub extern crate bitcoin;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('#[cfg(feature = "serde")]\n')])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This, I'm not really sure of: Taproot uses x-only public keys, which means that the first byte (which is usually a "),t("code",[e._v("03")]),e._v(" or a "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v(") that indicates the parity of the EC point is completely dropped, and it's implicit\nthat the point is even (= "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v("). Check out "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP340")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" for a much better explanation.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("So here when I find a string that is only 64 characters long I will assume it's an x-only pubkey, and I will parse it as a normal "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin::PublicKey")]),e._v(" by prefixing it with "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I guess one alternative could have been to try and parse it as a "),t("code",[e._v("schnorr::PublicKey")]),e._v(' and then "convert" it to a '),t("code",[e._v("ecdsa::PublicKey")]),e._v(" which should be supported, but once again I just wanted to get it done quickly and\nthis worked fine.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I also disabled the "),t("code",[e._v("unused_imports")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("missing_docs")]),e._v(" lint so that the compiler wouldn't whine too much.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 87316ff\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 87316fffd06ab3bdf300fd1a958ddaa2789a6696\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:26:01 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Parse `tr()` descriptors\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/mod.rs b/src/descriptor/mod.rs\nindex 06d98e1..4190786 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ where\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("wpkh", 1) => Descriptor::Wpkh(Wpkh::from_tree(top)?),\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("sh", 1) => Descriptor::Sh(Sh::from_tree(top)?),\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("wsh", 1) => Descriptor::Wsh(Wsh::from_tree(top)?),\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("tr", _) => Descriptor::Tr(Tr::from_tree(top)?),\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => Descriptor::Bare(Bare::from_tree(top)?),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("diff --git a/src/expression.rs b/src/expression.rs\nindex 1cef614..11a68d3 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/expression.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/expression.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -100,7 +100,12 @@ impl<'a> Tree<'a> {\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" sl = &sl[n + 1..];\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" loop {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let (arg, new_sl) = Tree::from_slice_helper_round(sl, depth + 1)?;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let (arg, new_sl) = if sl.contains('{') {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Tree::from_slice_helper_curly(sl, depth + 1)?\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Tree::from_slice_helper_round(sl, depth + 1)?\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" };\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" ret.args.push(arg);\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if new_sl.is_empty() {\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("When trying to parse a descriptor (essentially turning a recursive string of "),t("code",[e._v("operator(args)")]),e._v(" into an abstract tree in memory) use a "),t("em",[e._v("curly-bracket-aware")]),e._v(" parser if there is one in the string.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The code to then build a "),t("code",[e._v("Tr")]),e._v(" struct given an "),t("code",[e._v("expression::Tree")]),e._v(" (and the "),t("code",[e._v("from_slice_helper_curly")]),e._v(" function) were already implemented, so it was just a matter of correctly\nbuilding the abstract tree by parsing curly brackets in descriptors.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 3055cab\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 3055cabef8bd51eda344ce501b03c533fd367b4f\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:26:30 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix control block creation when satisfying `Tr`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 314c7f4..8487d56 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -571,17 +571,14 @@ impl DescriptorTrait for Tr {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let ver = LeafVersion::default();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let leaf_script = (ms.encode(), ver);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let control_block_set = spend_info\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .as_script_map()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .get(&leaf_script)\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // let control_block_set = spend_info\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // .as_script_map()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // .get(&leaf_script)\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' // .expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let control_block = spend_info.control_block(&leaf_script).expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wit.push(leaf_script.0.into_bytes()); // Push the leaf script\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // There can be multiple control blocks for a (script, ver) pair\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Find the smallest one amongst those\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let control_block = control_block_set\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .iter()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .min_by(|x, y| x.as_inner().len().cmp(&y.as_inner().len()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .expect("Atleast one control must exist for a known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wit.push(control_block.serialize());\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Finally, save the minimum\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" min_wit = Some(wit);\n")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("This is where things get more interesting: this section of code builds the witness to satisfy a Taproot descriptor. In case of a script-spend, we need to prove that the script we are using had been committed\ninto the public key of our "),t("code",[e._v("P2TR")]),e._v(' input. We do this by adding a "control block", that contains data about the parity of the key, the leaf version used, and the merkle path from the leaf we are using to spend\nup to the merkle root, which is committed into the public key. Once again, this is explained very well in '),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP341")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Before my patch the code was only getting the set of merkle paths that could lead from the root to the leaves that contain a given script. For context, the signature of "),t("code",[e._v("TaprootSpendInfo::as_script_map(&self)")]),e._v(" is:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Access the internal script map")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("pub")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("fn")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[e._v("as_script_map")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("->")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("BTreeMap")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Script")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("BTreeSet")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("TaprootMerkleBranch")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v(">>")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v('Then the code would look for the "shortest" path to that specific script, as it would save size in the final transaction (leaves that are more "deep" in the tree than others naturally have more hidden branches\nin their path to the root, and thus require a longer control block to reveal them all).')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The issue here is that the "),t("code",[e._v("control_block")]),e._v(" variable is then serialized directly into the witness. But this is not a control block, it's just a set of merkle paths! A control block only has "),t("em",[e._v("one")]),e._v(" merkle path, and\nincludes the leaf version and the key parity bit.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Conveniently, the "),t("code",[e._v("TaprootSpendInfo")]),e._v(' struct also has this other method (I\'m including the implementation as well, because it shows that internally it does the same "trick" to find the shortest path):')]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Obtain a [`ControlBlock`] for particular script with the given version.")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Returns [`None`] if the script is not contained in the [`TaprootSpendInfo`]")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// If there are multiple ControlBlocks possible, this returns the shortest one.")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("pub")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("fn")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[e._v("control_block")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" script_ver"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Script")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("->")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Option")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("ControlBlock")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v(">")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("let")]),e._v(" merkle_branch_set "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("script_map"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("get")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),e._v("script_ver"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("?")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("// Choose the smallest one amongst the multiple script maps")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("let")]),e._v(" smallest "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v(" merkle_branch_set\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("iter")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("min_by")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-params"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-punctuation punctuation"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v("x"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" y"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-punctuation punctuation"}},[e._v("|")])]),e._v(" x"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v(".0")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("len")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("cmp")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),e._v("y"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v(".0")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("len")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("expect")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"Non-empty iterator"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Some")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("ControlBlock")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n internal_key"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("internal_key"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n output_key_parity"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("output_key_parity"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n leaf_version"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("::")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("default")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n merkle_branch"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" smallest"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("clone")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("So to fix this code we just have to use that method instead, and we can get it done in one single line!")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('Instead of removing the old code at the time I only commented it out, because I initially thought I would still have to look for the shortest script myself, and I figured the "sorting" code would come in handy\nlater on.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Also, if you are an acute observer, you might have noticed that there's a bug in this last snippet of code. Feel free to think about it a little bit, then check out the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/703",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("PR"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" I made\nif you wanna know the answer!")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("git show 35378ad\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 35378ad01a6f2b8161a3f36448b24d031f8aeaec\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:27:14 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Consider key-spend max satisfaction weight\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 8487d56..fabf860 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ impl DescriptorTrait for Tr {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn max_satisfaction_weight(&self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut max_wieght = None;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut max_wieght = Some(65);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (depth, ms) in self.iter_scripts() {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let script_size = ms.script_size();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let max_sat_elems = match ms.max_satisfaction_witness_elements() {\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This is a little bug in the code that tries to compute what the maximum satisfaction weight would be for a descriptor. For instance, we use this in BDK to compute how many extra sats of fees we need to pay\nin order to target a given fee rate, assuming the descriptor is satisfied with the worst (larger and most expensive) path.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For Taproot descriptors, it's just a matter of iterating over the leaves in the tree and pick the most expensive one... or is it? This doesn't take into account that Taproot outputs can also be spent with\nkey-spend, which means just pushing a signature to the witness. This signature is 64 bytes long when using the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("SIGHASH_DEFAULT")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" sighash, or 65 otherwise. Since we are thinking about the maximum satisfaction\nweight, or the worst case possible, we naturally pick the latter.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Note that theoretically you could build a Taproot address \"without\" an available key-path spend (by using an unspendable Schnorr public key), but the code here in rust-miniscript doesn't take that into\naccount, as there's no way that I'm aware of to specificy in a "),t("code",[e._v("tr()")]),e._v(" descriptor that the key is unspendable. So, while theoretically here we should first check whether the key-spend path is available before\naccounting for its weight, in practice this is always true in miniscript so we just use that as our starting worst case and update it later if necessary while iterating the tree leaves.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show b4878f8\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit b4878f816e9ede11d5ed947c06e03aa988e3e26f\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:27:53 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Look for taproot stuff in psbts\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/psbt/mod.rs b/src/psbt/mod.rs\nindex 9a8b17d..42c6ce8 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/psbt/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/psbt/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@ use bitcoin;\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::hashes::{hash160, ripemd160, sha256, sha256d};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::secp256k1::{self, Secp256k1};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::util::psbt::PartiallySignedTransaction as Psbt;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::util::taproot::TapLeafHash;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::Script;\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use interpreter;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use miniscript::limits::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_DISABLE_FLAG;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use miniscript::satisfy::{After, Older};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use Satisfier;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {BitcoinECSig, Preimage32};\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {BitcoinECSig, BitcoinSchnorrSig, Preimage32};\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {MiniscriptKey, ToPublicKey};\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("mod finalizer;\n")])]),e._v("@@ -231,6 +232,24 @@ impl<'psbt> PsbtInputSatisfier<'psbt> {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl<'psbt, Pk: MiniscriptKey + ToPublicKey> Satisfier for PsbtInputSatisfier<'psbt> {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_tap_key_spend_sig(&self) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some((sig, hash_ty)) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index].tap_key_sig {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Some(BitcoinSchnorrSig { sig, hash_ty })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_tap_leaf_script_sig(&self, pk: &Pk, lh: &TapLeafHash) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let pk = pk.to_x_only_pubkey();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some((sig, hash_ty)) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index].tap_script_sigs.get(&(pk, *lh)) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Some(BitcoinSchnorrSig { sig: *sig, hash_ty: *hash_ty })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_ec_sig(&self, pk: &Pk) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some(rawsig) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .partial_sigs\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This commit implements the Taproot-specific "),t("code",[e._v("Satisfier")]),e._v(" methods on "),t("code",[e._v("PsbtInputSatisfier")]),e._v(". The code to produce a valid witness (i.e. "),t("em",[e._v("satisfy")]),e._v(") a descriptor by looking for Taproot key-spend or script-spend signatures\nis already implemented, so it's just a matter of actually returning those, if they are present in a PSBT.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 80da0ba\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 80da0ba9b742b2dee23e7302e2f95a6e96b1d6ed\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 16:54:27 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Iter keys in `MultiA`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/miniscript/iter.rs b/src/miniscript/iter.rs\nindex 36c4b69..a54a371 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/miniscript/iter.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/miniscript/iter.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn get_leaf_pk(&self) -> Vec {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![key.clone()],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys.clone(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys.clone(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => vec![],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkH(ref hash) => vec![hash.clone()],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![key.to_pubkeyhash()],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys.iter().map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash).collect(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys.iter().map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash).collect(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => vec![],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkH(ref hash) => vec![PkPkh::HashedPubkey(hash.clone())],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone())],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .into_iter()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .map(|key| PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .collect(),\n")])]),e._v("@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn get_nth_pk(&self, n: usize) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(key.clone()),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).cloned(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).cloned(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkH(ref hash), 0) => Some(hash.clone()),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(key.to_pubkeyhash()),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkH(ref hash), 0) => Some(PkPkh::HashedPubkey(hash.clone())),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone())),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" keys.get(n).map(|key| PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("Taproot descriptors add a new miniscript operator called "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" which behaves like "),t("code",[e._v("multi()")]),e._v(" in non-Taproot descriptors, but uses the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki#script-execution",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" opcode when serialized in a script.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("When this was added, somebody forgot to update the various methods that iterate over the public keys of a descriptor to correctly return the keys contained in "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" - essentially, it was falling back in\nthe default case used by the operators that don't contain any key, but this one does!")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 8b108c5\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 8b108c5c0bf50b66b7220746525742b71f6cd4b4\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 17:26:53 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix witness generation for `MultiA`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs b/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs\nindex 655436e..ab43707 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ impl Satisfaction {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Collect all available signatures\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut sig_count = 0;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut sigs = vec![vec![vec![]]; keys.len()];\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (i, pk) in keys.iter().enumerate() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (i, pk) in keys.iter().rev().enumerate() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match Witness::signature::<_, _, Ctx>(stfr, pk, leaf_hash) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Witness::Stack(sig) => {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" sigs[i] = sig;\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("And finally, the last little fix: the "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" operator is satisfied by pushing to the witness either a signature (if you have one available for that specific public key) or an empty vector. The problem is,\nthey have to be in the right order to match the order of public keys in your Taproot script.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("rust-miniscript was pushing them in reverse order, so script validation was always failing for multisigs that had more than 1 key. Adding a "),t("code",[e._v(".rev()")]),e._v(" to the iterator fixed the issue.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("And that was it! We now have a fully working "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" ready for Taproot.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/blog/2021/12/first-bdk-taproot-tx-look-at-the-code-part-2"}},[e._v("Part 2")]),e._v(" I will go over the code changes in BDK, but I think it's now time for you and I to take a break 😃")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=a.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[63],{420:function(e,t,s){"use strict";s.r(t);var n=s(7),a=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var e=this,t=e._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":e.$parent.slotKey}},[t("p",[e._v("This is the first of a two-parts blog series in which I will try to explain all the changes that I made to BDK (and some of its dependencies) to make our "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini/status/1459763243556163584",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("first Taproot transaction in mainnet"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which also\nturned out to be "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/afilini/status/1459774394054725634",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("the first ever use of the new "),t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),e._v(" opcode"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Hopefully this will give an insight into what kind of changes need to be made to a wallet in order to support spending "),t("code",[e._v("P2TR")]),e._v(" outputs, both with key-spend and script-spend. BDK actually delegates\nmost of the hard work to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", and luckily most of the Taproot code was already implemented by the time I started working on it. I only had to patch a few little bugs here and there, and it ended up\nworking flawlessly in the end.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In this first part I will focus on the changes made to our dependencies, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". In the second part I will talk about BDK itself.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"backstory"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#backstory"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Backstory")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("On the evening of Thursday, November 11th I was attending our weekly "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://www.satoshispritz.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("Satoshi Spritz"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" meetup in Milan. The activation of Taproot was right around the corner, and naturally that was the main discussion\ntopic that night. The activation was forecasted for the early afternoon of Sunday, November 14th, a little less than 72h later.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I began to wonder how hard it would be to patch BDK and add support for Taproot. I knew most of the work had already been done in our main dependencies, "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", and so I decided\nto challenge myself: could I make it in time for the activation?")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('The following day I started digging into the topic. It didn\'t help that up until that time I only had a rather "high level" idea of how Taproot worked, but luckily all the BIPs were very well written and\nstraightforward to understand.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("By Friday night (or rather, early Saturday morning) "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/signet/tx/ba0ebb350717701ca4ea109aadfbaf3058f6cd73e5ece3927ddee653de06cf5a",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I had Taproot key-spend working"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which made me pretty optimistic even though the activation date was actually moving closer, now being forecasted for\nSunday "),t("em",[e._v("morning")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("After a few hours of sleep I went back to work and by early Saturday afternoon "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/signet/tx/41d7d49f9f4edffa9ca88ad6fb887fbf1ae68f9f31def267fdb3a5949f766bf5",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("I had Taproot script-spend working as well"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". This left me a few hours to coordinate with some friends and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/address/1Taproote7gvQGKz5g982ecSbPvqJhMUf",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("generate a vanity address"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("\nto deposit funds into temporarily, as we didn't trust sending them to Taproot addresses before the activation (as they were anyone-can-spend according to the pre-activation rules).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("After another pretty short night, I woke up a 5:30 AM on Sunday to monitor the activation. I broadcasted our transactions shortly after 6:00 AM as the activation block was being mined. Unfortunately, the first\nthree blocks that were enforcing Taproot rules "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2021-November/019598.html",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("didn't include any Taproot transaction"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which indicates that the miners weren't actually running the new Bitcoin Core 22.0 nodes. The fourth block, mined by "),t("code",[e._v("Foundry USA")]),e._v(" "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/2eb8dbaa346d4be4e82fe444c2f0be00654d8cfd8c4a9a61b11aeaab8c00b272",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("included my transaction"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/achow101/status/1459760452775387136?s=20",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a few others"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In the end our transaction was the third Taproot script-spend in the block, but the first to use the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki#script-execution",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" opcode, as the two preceding it were respectively "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/37777defed8717c581b4c0509329550e344bdc14ac38f71fc050096887e535c8",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a single-sig"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mempool.space/tx/905ecdf95a84804b192f4dc221cfed4d77959b81ed66013a7e41a6e61e7ed530",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("a 2-of-2 multisig"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v("\nscript, made with with two "),t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIG(VERIFY)")]),e._v("s.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Now, with the context out of the way, we can begin talking about the code!")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"rust-bitcoin"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-bitcoin"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" rust-bitcoin")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The first dependency I had to update was "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(". Most of the taproot stuff were already merged in "),t("code",[e._v("master")]),e._v(" (altough they hadn't been released yet). One notable missing part was the support for "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0371.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP371")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(",\nwhich is an extension of "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP174")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", aka the "),t("code",[e._v("Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction")]),e._v(" BIP. This new BIP defines a few new fields that are required to properly handle Taproot transactions.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Luckily most of the work had already been done by "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://twitter.com/sanket1729",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("sanket1729"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", so I forked his branch and made only few very minor changes, just to expose a structure that I will have to use later which in his code wasn't public.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("You can find all the commits mentioned here in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/tree/taproot-testing",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my rust-bitcoin "),t("code",[e._v("taproot-testing")]),e._v(" branch"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git diff 187234f f830df9\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs\nindex 87d9c36..d5e5802 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_mut)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(dead_code)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_imports)]\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign 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unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// Merkle Hash for this node\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub(crate) hash: sha256::Hash,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// information about leaves inside this node\n")])]),e._v("@@ -448,8 +448,12 @@ pub(crate) struct NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl NodeInfo {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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line"}},[e._v(" fn new_hidden(hash: sha256::Hash) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn new_hidden(hash: sha256::Hash) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Self {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" hash: hash,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" leaves: vec![],\n")])]),e._v("@@ -457,7 +461,7 @@ impl NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Create a new leaf with NodeInfo\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn new_leaf_with_ver(script: Script, ver: LeafVersion) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn new_leaf_with_ver(script: Script, ver: LeafVersion) -> Self {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let leaf = LeafInfo::new(script, ver);\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Self {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" hash: leaf.hash(),\n")])]),e._v("@@ -466,7 +470,7 @@ impl NodeInfo {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Combine two NodeInfo's to create a new parent\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn combine(a: Self, b: Self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn combine(a: Self, b: Self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut all_leaves = Vec::with_capacity(a.leaves.len() + b.leaves.len());\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for mut a_leaf in a.leaves {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" a_leaf.merkle_branch.push(b.hash)?; // add hashing partner\n")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("There isn't much to explain here: I disabled the "),t("code",[e._v("missing_docs")]),e._v(" lint so that the compiler wouldn't complain about the new public methods that aren't documented.\nThen, I added a getter for the "),t("code",[e._v("hash")]),e._v(" field of "),t("code",[e._v("NodeInfo")]),e._v(" and made the struct itself and a bunch of methods public.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('We will use this structure later to recover the merkle root of a Taproot script tree, given one leaf and the other "hidden" branches.')]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"rust-miniscript"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#rust-miniscript"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" rust-miniscript")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Moving on to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(': once again, most of the work required to support Taproot had already been done, but this time I was working with very "early" prototype-like code, so I was prepared to\nmake some changes to the code to get it to work how I wanted.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Instead of showing one big diff I will talk about the commits individually, which I think will help making more clear what I was doing.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Once again, you can find all the commits referenced here in "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-miniscript/tree/taproot",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my rust-miniscript "),t("code",[e._v("taproot")]),e._v(" branch"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 34cf15b\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 34cf15b3aac1d8c2693af1b9749b888f3f29e510\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Fri Nov 12 12:06:35 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix TapTree iter depth\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 79d3c05..314c7f4 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl TapTree {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" /// Iterate over all miniscripts\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn iter(&self) -> TapTreeIter {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTreeIter { stack: vec![self] }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTreeIter { stack: vec![(0, self)] }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Helper function to translate keys\n")])]),e._v("@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pub struct TapTreeIter<'a, Pk: MiniscriptKey>\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("where\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Pk: 'a,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("{\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" stack: Vec<&'a TapTree>,\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" stack: Vec<(usize, &'a TapTree)>,\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl<'a, Pk> Iterator for TapTreeIter<'a, Pk>\n")])]),e._v("@@ -273,13 +273,13 @@ where\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" while !self.stack.is_empty() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let last = self.stack.pop().expect("Size checked above");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let (depth, last) = self.stack.pop().expect("Size checked above");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match &*last {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Tree(l, r) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push(&r);\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push(&l);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push((depth + 1, &r));\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" self.stack.push((depth + 1, &l));\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Leaf(ref ms) => return Some((self.stack.len(), ms)),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" TapTree::Leaf(ref ms) => return Some((depth, ms)),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")])])])])]),t("p",[t("code",[e._v("TapTreeIterator")]),e._v(" is an iterator that goes through a "),t("code",[e._v("TapTree")]),e._v(" and yields a "),t("code",[e._v("(depth, node)")]),e._v(" pair. This is then fed to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-miniscript/blob/taproot/src/descriptor/tr.rs#L183-L189",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("TaprootBuilder")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(", which returns an error if trying to insert nodes\nin "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/blob/taproot-testing/src/util/taproot.rs#L403-L405",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("an order that is not DFS"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The way the depth was computed before made the builder always fail for non-trivial trees (i.e. more than 1 node).")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Here I decided to play the safe card, and just keep track of the depth explicitly: I think there might be a way to compute the depth just knowing the "),t("code",[e._v("self.stack.len()")]),e._v(" (assuming the tree has a specific structure,\nwhich I'm not sure applies here), but anyway I didn't have much time to think about it and I just went for the \"dumb but idiot-proof\" way which ended up working fine.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show f4a3459\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit f4a3459128e37ca0c2701b8b6da064d4952296ff\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:15:52 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Switch rust-bitcoin rev\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml\nindex 12825e8..8240024 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/Cargo.toml")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/Cargo.toml")]),e._v('\n@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ rand = ["bitcoin/rand"]\n\n'),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("[dependencies]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('# bitcoin = "0.27"\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('bitcoin = {git = "https://github.com/sanket1729/rust-bitcoin", branch = "taproot_psbt"}\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('bitcoin = { git = "https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin.git", branch = "taproot-testing" }\n')])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("[dependencies.serde]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('version = "1.0"\n')])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("Trivial commit, switch to "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/afilini/rust-bitcoin/tree/taproot-testing",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("my fork of rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" so that I can make changes if necessary.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 0446b16\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 0446b1631cec9f7118d46f0f4c94ccd20de29f94\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:25:18 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Parse x-only keys\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/key.rs b/src/descriptor/key.rs\nindex 4108d00..b7f90b5 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/key.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/key.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ impl FromStr for DescriptorPublicKey {\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' // A "raw" public key without any origin is the least we accept.\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if s.len() < 66 {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if s.len() < 64 {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" return Err(DescriptorKeyParseError(\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' "Key too short (<66 char), doesn\'t match any format",\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' "Key too short (<64 char), doesn\'t match any format",\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" ));\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n@@ -301,6 +301,14 @@ impl FromStr for DescriptorPublicKey {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" derivation_path,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wildcard,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }))\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else if key_part.len() == 64 {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // x-only pubkey, prefix it with `02`\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let key = bitcoin::PublicKey::from_str(&format!("02{}", key_part))\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .map_err(|_| DescriptorKeyParseError("Error while parsing x-only public key"))?;\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Ok(DescriptorPublicKey::SinglePub(DescriptorSinglePub {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" key,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" origin,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }))\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if key_part.len() >= 2\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' && !(&key_part[0..2] == "02" || &key_part[0..2] == "03" || &key_part[0..2] == "04")\n')])]),e._v("diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs\nindex e168b16..3a2335e 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/lib.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(non_snake_case)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_mut)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(dead_code)]\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(unused_imports)]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("#![deny(missing_docs)]\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("pub extern crate bitcoin;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v('#[cfg(feature = "serde")]\n')])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This, I'm not really sure of: Taproot uses x-only public keys, which means that the first byte (which is usually a "),t("code",[e._v("03")]),e._v(" or a "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v(") that indicates the parity of the EC point is completely dropped, and it's implicit\nthat the point is even (= "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v("). Check out "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP340")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" for a much better explanation.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("So here when I find a string that is only 64 characters long I will assume it's an x-only pubkey, and I will parse it as a normal "),t("code",[e._v("bitcoin::PublicKey")]),e._v(" by prefixing it with "),t("code",[e._v("02")]),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I guess one alternative could have been to try and parse it as a "),t("code",[e._v("schnorr::PublicKey")]),e._v(' and then "convert" it to a '),t("code",[e._v("ecdsa::PublicKey")]),e._v(" which should be supported, but once again I just wanted to get it done quickly and\nthis worked fine.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("I also disabled the "),t("code",[e._v("unused_imports")]),e._v(" and "),t("code",[e._v("missing_docs")]),e._v(" lint so that the compiler wouldn't whine too much.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 87316ff\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 87316fffd06ab3bdf300fd1a958ddaa2789a6696\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:26:01 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Parse `tr()` descriptors\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/mod.rs b/src/descriptor/mod.rs\nindex 06d98e1..4190786 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ where\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("wpkh", 1) => Descriptor::Wpkh(Wpkh::from_tree(top)?),\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("sh", 1) => Descriptor::Sh(Sh::from_tree(top)?),\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("wsh", 1) => Descriptor::Wsh(Wsh::from_tree(top)?),\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' ("tr", _) => Descriptor::Tr(Tr::from_tree(top)?),\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => Descriptor::Bare(Bare::from_tree(top)?),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("diff --git a/src/expression.rs b/src/expression.rs\nindex 1cef614..11a68d3 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/expression.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/expression.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -100,7 +100,12 @@ impl<'a> Tree<'a> {\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" sl = &sl[n + 1..];\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" loop {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let (arg, new_sl) = Tree::from_slice_helper_round(sl, depth + 1)?;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let (arg, new_sl) = if sl.contains('{') {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Tree::from_slice_helper_curly(sl, depth + 1)?\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Tree::from_slice_helper_round(sl, depth + 1)?\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" };\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" ret.args.push(arg);\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if new_sl.is_empty() {\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("When trying to parse a descriptor (essentially turning a recursive string of "),t("code",[e._v("operator(args)")]),e._v(" into an abstract tree in memory) use a "),t("em",[e._v("curly-bracket-aware")]),e._v(" parser if there is one in the string.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The code to then build a "),t("code",[e._v("Tr")]),e._v(" struct given an "),t("code",[e._v("expression::Tree")]),e._v(" (and the "),t("code",[e._v("from_slice_helper_curly")]),e._v(" function) were already implemented, so it was just a matter of correctly\nbuilding the abstract tree by parsing curly brackets in descriptors.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 3055cab\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 3055cabef8bd51eda344ce501b03c533fd367b4f\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:26:30 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix control block creation when satisfying `Tr`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 314c7f4..8487d56 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -571,17 +571,14 @@ impl DescriptorTrait for Tr {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let ver = LeafVersion::default();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let leaf_script = (ms.encode(), ver);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let control_block_set = spend_info\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .as_script_map()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .get(&leaf_script)\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // let control_block_set = spend_info\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // .as_script_map()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // .get(&leaf_script)\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' // .expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' let control_block = spend_info.control_block(&leaf_script).expect("Control block must exist in script map for every known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wit.push(leaf_script.0.into_bytes()); // Push the leaf script\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // There can be multiple control blocks for a (script, ver) pair\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Find the smallest one amongst those\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let control_block = control_block_set\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .iter()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .min_by(|x, y| x.as_inner().len().cmp(&y.as_inner().len()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(' .expect("Atleast one control must exist for a known leaf");\n')])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" wit.push(control_block.serialize());\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Finally, save the minimum\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" min_wit = Some(wit);\n")])]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("This is where things get more interesting: this section of code builds the witness to satisfy a Taproot descriptor. In case of a script-spend, we need to prove that the script we are using had been committed\ninto the public key of our "),t("code",[e._v("P2TR")]),e._v(' input. We do this by adding a "control block", that contains data about the parity of the key, the leaf version used, and the merkle path from the leaf we are using to spend\nup to the merkle root, which is committed into the public key. Once again, this is explained very well in '),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("BIP341")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(".")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Before my patch the code was only getting the set of merkle paths that could lead from the root to the leaves that contain a given script. For context, the signature of "),t("code",[e._v("TaprootSpendInfo::as_script_map(&self)")]),e._v(" is:")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Access the internal script map")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("pub")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("fn")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[e._v("as_script_map")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("->")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("BTreeMap")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Script")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("BTreeSet")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("TaprootMerkleBranch")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v(">>")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v('Then the code would look for the "shortest" path to that specific script, as it would save size in the final transaction (leaves that are more "deep" in the tree than others naturally have more hidden branches\nin their path to the root, and thus require a longer control block to reveal them all).')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("The issue here is that the "),t("code",[e._v("control_block")]),e._v(" variable is then serialized directly into the witness. But this is not a control block, it's just a set of merkle paths! A control block only has "),t("em",[e._v("one")]),e._v(" merkle path, and\nincludes the leaf version and the key parity bit.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Conveniently, the "),t("code",[e._v("TaprootSpendInfo")]),e._v(' struct also has this other method (I\'m including the implementation as well, because it shows that internally it does the same "trick" to find the shortest path):')]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Obtain a [`ControlBlock`] for particular script with the given version.")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// Returns [`None`] if the script is not contained in the [`TaprootSpendInfo`]")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("/// If there are multiple ControlBlocks possible, this returns the shortest one.")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("pub")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("fn")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[e._v("control_block")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" script_ver"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Script")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("->")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Option")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("<")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("ControlBlock")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v(">")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("let")]),e._v(" merkle_branch_set "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("script_map"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("get")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),e._v("script_ver"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("?")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[e._v("// Choose the smallest one amongst the multiple script maps")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("let")]),e._v(" smallest "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("=")]),e._v(" merkle_branch_set\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("iter")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("min_by")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-params"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-punctuation punctuation"}},[e._v("|")]),e._v("x"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v(" y"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token closure-punctuation punctuation"}},[e._v("|")])]),e._v(" x"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v(".0")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("len")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("cmp")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[e._v("&")]),e._v("y"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[e._v(".0")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("len")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("expect")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[e._v('"Non-empty iterator"')]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(";")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("Some")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("ControlBlock")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("{")]),e._v("\n internal_key"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("internal_key"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n output_key_parity"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[e._v("self")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),e._v("output_key_parity"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n leaf_version"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[e._v("LeafVersion")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("::")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("default")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n merkle_branch"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(":")]),e._v(" smallest"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[e._v("clone")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(",")]),e._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v(")")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[e._v("}")]),e._v("\n")])])]),t("p",[e._v("So to fix this code we just have to use that method instead, and we can get it done in one single line!")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v('Instead of removing the old code at the time I only commented it out, because I initially thought I would still have to look for the shortest script myself, and I figured the "sorting" code would come in handy\nlater on.')]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Also, if you are an acute observer, you might have noticed that there's a bug in this last snippet of code. Feel free to think about it a little bit, then check out the "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin/pull/703",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("PR"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" I made\nif you wanna know the answer!")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("git show 35378ad\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 35378ad01a6f2b8161a3f36448b24d031f8aeaec\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:27:14 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Consider key-spend max satisfaction weight\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/descriptor/tr.rs b/src/descriptor/tr.rs\nindex 8487d56..fabf860 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/descriptor/tr.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ impl DescriptorTrait for Tr {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn max_satisfaction_weight(&self) -> Result {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut max_wieght = None;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut max_wieght = Some(65);\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (depth, ms) in self.iter_scripts() {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let script_size = ms.script_size();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let max_sat_elems = match ms.max_satisfaction_witness_elements() {\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This is a little bug in the code that tries to compute what the maximum satisfaction weight would be for a descriptor. For instance, we use this in BDK to compute how many extra sats of fees we need to pay\nin order to target a given fee rate, assuming the descriptor is satisfied with the worst (larger and most expensive) path.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("For Taproot descriptors, it's just a matter of iterating over the leaves in the tree and pick the most expensive one... or is it? This doesn't take into account that Taproot outputs can also be spent with\nkey-spend, which means just pushing a signature to the witness. This signature is 64 bytes long when using the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("SIGHASH_DEFAULT")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" sighash, or 65 otherwise. Since we are thinking about the maximum satisfaction\nweight, or the worst case possible, we naturally pick the latter.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("Note that theoretically you could build a Taproot address \"without\" an available key-path spend (by using an unspendable Schnorr public key), but the code here in rust-miniscript doesn't take that into\naccount, as there's no way that I'm aware of to specificy in a "),t("code",[e._v("tr()")]),e._v(" descriptor that the key is unspendable. So, while theoretically here we should first check whether the key-spend path is available before\naccounting for its weight, in practice this is always true in miniscript so we just use that as our starting worst case and update it later if necessary while iterating the tree leaves.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show b4878f8\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit b4878f816e9ede11d5ed947c06e03aa988e3e26f\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 14:27:53 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Look for taproot stuff in psbts\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/psbt/mod.rs b/src/psbt/mod.rs\nindex 9a8b17d..42c6ce8 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/psbt/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/psbt/mod.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@ use bitcoin;\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::hashes::{hash160, ripemd160, sha256, sha256d};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::secp256k1::{self, Secp256k1};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::util::psbt::PartiallySignedTransaction as Psbt;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::util::taproot::TapLeafHash;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use bitcoin::Script;\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use interpreter;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use miniscript::limits::SEQUENCE_LOCKTIME_DISABLE_FLAG;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use miniscript::satisfy::{After, Older};\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use Satisfier;\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {BitcoinECSig, Preimage32};\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {BitcoinECSig, BitcoinSchnorrSig, Preimage32};\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("use {MiniscriptKey, ToPublicKey};\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("mod finalizer;\n")])]),e._v("@@ -231,6 +232,24 @@ impl<'psbt> PsbtInputSatisfier<'psbt> {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("}\n")])]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("impl<'psbt, Pk: MiniscriptKey + ToPublicKey> Satisfier for PsbtInputSatisfier<'psbt> {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_tap_key_spend_sig(&self) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some((sig, hash_ty)) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index].tap_key_sig {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Some(BitcoinSchnorrSig { sig, hash_ty })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_tap_leaf_script_sig(&self, pk: &Pk, lh: &TapLeafHash) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let pk = pk.to_x_only_pubkey();\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some((sig, hash_ty)) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index].tap_script_sigs.get(&(pk, *lh)) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Some(BitcoinSchnorrSig { sig: *sig, hash_ty: *hash_ty })\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" } else {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" None\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v("\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" fn lookup_ec_sig(&self, pk: &Pk) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" if let Some(rawsig) = self.psbt.inputs[self.index]\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .partial_sigs\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("This commit implements the Taproot-specific "),t("code",[e._v("Satisfier")]),e._v(" methods on "),t("code",[e._v("PsbtInputSatisfier")]),e._v(". The code to produce a valid witness (i.e. "),t("em",[e._v("satisfy")]),e._v(") a descriptor by looking for Taproot key-spend or script-spend signatures\nis already implemented, so it's just a matter of actually returning those, if they are present in a PSBT.")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 80da0ba\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 80da0ba9b742b2dee23e7302e2f95a6e96b1d6ed\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 16:54:27 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Iter keys in `MultiA`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/miniscript/iter.rs b/src/miniscript/iter.rs\nindex 36c4b69..a54a371 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/miniscript/iter.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/miniscript/iter.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn get_leaf_pk(&self) -> Vec {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![key.clone()],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys.clone(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys.clone(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => vec![],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkH(ref hash) => vec![hash.clone()],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![key.to_pubkeyhash()],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys.iter().map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash).collect(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys.iter().map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash).collect(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => vec![],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match self.node {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkH(ref hash) => vec![PkPkh::HashedPubkey(hash.clone())],\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::PkK(ref key) => vec![PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone())],\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) => keys\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys) | Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys) => keys\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .into_iter()\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .map(|key| PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" .collect(),\n")])]),e._v("@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" pub fn get_nth_pk(&self, n: usize) -> Option {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(key.clone()),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).cloned(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).cloned(),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkH(ref hash), 0) => Some(hash.clone()),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(key.to_pubkeyhash()),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => keys.get(n).map(Pk::to_pubkeyhash),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")])]),e._v("@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ impl Miniscript {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match (&self.node, n) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkH(ref hash), 0) => Some(PkPkh::HashedPubkey(hash.clone())),\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::PkK(ref key), 0) => Some(PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone())),\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" (&Terminal::Multi(_, ref keys), _) | (&Terminal::MultiA(_, ref keys), _) => {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" keys.get(n).map(|key| PkPkh::PlainPubkey(key.clone()))\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" }\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" _ => None,\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("Taproot descriptors add a new miniscript operator called "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" which behaves like "),t("code",[e._v("multi()")]),e._v(" in non-Taproot descriptors, but uses the new "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki#script-execution",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[e._v("OP_CHECKSIGADD")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" opcode when serialized in a script.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("When this was added, somebody forgot to update the various methods that iterate over the public keys of a descriptor to correctly return the keys contained in "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" - essentially, it was falling back in\nthe default case used by the operators that don't contain any key, but this one does!")]),e._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language- extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-text"}},[t("code",[e._v("$ git show 8b108c5\n")])])]),t("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[t("code",[e._v("commit 8b108c5c0bf50b66b7220746525742b71f6cd4b4\nAuthor: Alekos Filini \nDate: Sat Nov 13 17:26:53 2021 +0100\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Fix witness generation for `MultiA`\n")])]),e._v("\ndiff --git a/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs b/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs\nindex 655436e..ab43707 100644\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("--- a/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs")]),e._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token coord"}},[e._v("+++ b/src/miniscript/satisfy.rs")]),e._v("\n@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ impl Satisfaction {\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" // Collect all available signatures\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut sig_count = 0;\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" let mut sigs = vec![vec![vec![]]; keys.len()];\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token deleted-sign deleted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix deleted"}},[e._v("-")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (i, pk) in keys.iter().enumerate() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[e._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" for (i, pk) in keys.iter().rev().enumerate() {\n")])]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" match Witness::signature::<_, _, Ctx>(stfr, pk, leaf_hash) {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" Witness::Stack(sig) => {\n")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[e._v(" ")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[e._v(" sigs[i] = sig;\n")])])])])]),t("p",[e._v("And finally, the last little fix: the "),t("code",[e._v("multi_a()")]),e._v(" operator is satisfied by pushing to the witness either a signature (if you have one available for that specific public key) or an empty vector. The problem is,\nthey have to be in the right order to match the order of public keys in your Taproot script.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("rust-miniscript was pushing them in reverse order, so script validation was always failing for multisigs that had more than 1 key. Adding a "),t("code",[e._v(".rev()")]),e._v(" to the iterator fixed the issue.")]),e._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"conclusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#conclusion"}},[e._v("#")]),e._v(" Conclusion")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("And that was it! We now have a fully working "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-bitcoin"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" and "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[e._v("rust-miniscript"),t("OutboundLink")],1),e._v(" ready for Taproot.")]),e._v(" "),t("p",[e._v("In "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"/blog/2021/12/first-bdk-taproot-tx-look-at-the-code-part-2"}},[e._v("Part 2")]),e._v(" I will go over the code changes in BDK, but I think it's now time for you and I to take a break 😃")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=a.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/64.826ced30.js b/assets/js/64.afe87090.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/64.826ced30.js rename to assets/js/64.afe87090.js index 0a32ab24f4..0363e1a62e 100644 --- a/assets/js/64.826ced30.js +++ b/assets/js/64.afe87090.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[64],{420:function(t,s,e){"use strict";e.r(s);var a=e(7),n=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var t=this,s=t._self._c;return s("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[s("p",[t._v("This is the second part of a two-part blog series in which I talk through the changes made to BDK to make a Taproot transaction. If you haven't read it yet, check out "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"/blog/2021/11/first-bdk-taproot-tx-look-at-the-code-part-1"}},[t._v("Part 1")]),t._v(".")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("While in the first part I managed to show full raw commits, in this case I will only focus on the relevant changes, otherwise the post would get very long. You can always find the "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoindevkit/bdk/compare/aa075f0...afilini:taproot-testing",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("full diff"),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" here, if you are interested\nin that.")]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"shortcuts"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#shortcuts"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Shortcuts")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("As mentioned previously, the main goal of this journey for me was to find out what it really takes to support Taproot in BDK. The code shown here wasn't written to be readable and/or maintainable, so\nsome shortcuts were taken, in particular:")]),t._v(" "),s("ul",[s("li",[t._v('No support for BIP32 extended keys: this is probably very quick to add, but in the first "proof of concept" I decided to only work with WIF keys for simplicity')]),t._v(" "),s("li",[t._v("No support for "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[s("code",[t._v("SIGHASH_DEFAULT")]),s("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(': this would require some minor changes to a few traits in BDK that still use the "legacy" '),s("code",[t._v("SigHashType")]),t._v(" enum from "),s("a",{attrs:{href:"https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-bitcoin",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("rust-bitcoin"),s("OutboundLink")],1)])]),t._v(" "),s("h2",{attrs:{id:"utilities"}},[s("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#utilities"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" Utilities")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Let's start with some utilities:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-rust extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-rust"}},[s("code",[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("pub")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[t._v("fn")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-definition function"}},[t._v("ecdsa_to_schnorr")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("(")]),t._v("pk"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(":")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[t._v("&")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token namespace"}},[t._v("ecdsa"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("::")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[t._v("PublicKey")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v(")")]),t._v(" "),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[t._v("->")]),t._v(" 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The traits we define\nare implemented on the "),s("code",[t._v("DerivedDescriptor")]),t._v(" or "),s("code",[t._v("ExtendedDescriptor")]),t._v(" structs and allow us to quickly get what we need without having to check the descriptor type manually.")]),t._v(" "),s("p",[t._v("Internally, they are essentially large "),s("code",[t._v("match")]),t._v("es that return different things depending on the descriptor variant. Due to some renaming that had been done recently in "),s("code",[t._v("miniscript")]),t._v(" (not necessarily related to taproot)\nwe have to update them:")]),t._v(" "),s("div",{staticClass:"language-diff extra-class"},[s("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-diff"}},[s("code",[t._v("@@ -337,6 +339,7 @@ pub(crate) trait DerivedDescriptorMeta {\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v("pub(crate) trait DescriptorMeta {\n")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" fn is_witness(&self) -> bool;\n")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token inserted-sign inserted"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix inserted"}},[t._v("+")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" fn is_tap(&self) -> bool;\n")])]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" fn get_extended_keys(&self) -> Result>, DescriptorError>;\n")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" fn derive_from_hd_keypaths<'s>(\n")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" &self,\n")])]),t._v("@@ -358,23 +361,29 @@ pub(crate) trait DescriptorScripts {\n\n"),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token unchanged"}},[s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v("impl<'s> DescriptorScripts for DerivedDescriptor<'s> {\n")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token prefix unchanged"}},[t._v(" ")]),s("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token line"}},[t._v(" fn psbt_redeem_script(&self) -> Option + diff --git a/bdk-cli/compiler/index.html b/bdk-cli/compiler/index.html index 807ab99add..72f665635b 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/compiler/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/compiler/index.html @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ - + @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ } }

# Troubleshooting

# Nothing is printed

This might mean that you have a RUST_LOG variable set to a value that suppresses the compiler's log. You can try adding miniscriptc=info to your RUST_LOG value and see if that works, or open a new clean -shell.

+shell.

←

Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

- + diff --git a/bdk-cli/concept/index.html b/bdk-cli/concept/index.html index f98a4aee6d..96d49a6865 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/concept/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/concept/index.html @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ will never contain any data that can't be recreated purely by looking at the blockchain. Keys, descriptors, Electrum endpoints are not stored in the database. This explains why you'll have to specify them every time in the command line. It can be seen more like a cache and can be safely deleted without risking funds.
  • BDK doesn't automatically "monitor" the blockchain, instead there's a sync command that has to be called by the user.
  • When you create a transaction and then sign it, it's not automatically broadcast to the network. There's a broadcast command that does this. Moreover, the command doesn't accept a normal Bitcoin raw transaction, but instead a PSBT. That's because internally transactions are always moved as PSBTs, and again, the broadcast command is just a very thin wrapper over the raw library call.

    • There are probably more of these examples, but hopefully by this point you'll have more or less understood the gist of it. If you are not a developer, some parts of this will feel weird, inefficient, hard -to understand, and that's absolutely normal. Just try to survive through the pain and you'll be rewarded!

    +to understand, and that's absolutely normal. Just try to survive through the pain and you'll be rewarded!

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/bdk-cli/installation/index.html b/bdk-cli/installation/index.html index a618cc7734..42d7ca98f7 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/installation/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/installation/index.html @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ - + @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ wallet Wallet Operations

    An example command to sync a testnet wallet to a default electrum server looks like this:

    bdk-cli wallet -w example --descriptor "wpkh(tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPexGYyaFwnAsCXCjmz2FaTm6LtesyyihjbQE3gRMfXqQBXKM43DvC1UgRVv1qom1qFxNMSqVAs88qx9PhgFnfGVUdiiDf6j4/0/*)" sync
-

    +

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/bdk-cli/interface/index.html b/bdk-cli/interface/index.html index e9bce84605..538daab188 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/interface/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/interface/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ --psbt <BASE64_PSBT> Sets the PSBT to sign --assume_height <HEIGHT> Assume the blockchain has reached a specific height. This affects the transaction finalization, if there are timelocks in the descriptor --trust_witness_utxo <WITNESS> Whether the signer should trust the witness_utxo, if the non_witness_utxo hasn’t been provided -

    Adds to the PSBT all the signatures it can produce with the secrets embedded in the descriptor (xprv or WIF keys). Returns the signed PSBT and, if there are enough item to satisfy the script, also the extracted raw Bitcoin transaction.

    Optionally, the --assume_height option can be specified to let the wallet assume the blockchain has reached a specific height. This affects the finalization of the PSBT which is done right at the end of the signing process: the wallet tries to satisfy the spending condition of each input using the partial signatures collected. In case timelocks are present the wallet needs to know whether or not they have expired. This flag is particularly useful for offline wallets.

    # sync

    This subcommand has no extra flags. It connects to the chosen Electrum server and synchronizes the list of transactions received and available UTXOs.

    +

    Adds to the PSBT all the signatures it can produce with the secrets embedded in the descriptor (xprv or WIF keys). Returns the signed PSBT and, if there are enough item to satisfy the script, also the extracted raw Bitcoin transaction.

    Optionally, the --assume_height option can be specified to let the wallet assume the blockchain has reached a specific height. This affects the finalization of the PSBT which is done right at the end of the signing process: the wallet tries to satisfy the spending condition of each input using the partial signatures collected. In case timelocks are present the wallet needs to know whether or not they have expired. This flag is particularly useful for offline wallets.

    # sync

    This subcommand has no extra flags. It connects to the chosen Electrum server and synchronizes the list of transactions received and available UTXOs.

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/bdk-cli/introduction/index.html b/bdk-cli/introduction/index.html index 0f15e1a053..b70e9d5cfe 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/introduction/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/introduction/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

    # Introduction

    bdk-cli (opens new window) is a lightweight repl (opens new window) wrapper over bdk that comes as a command line application. It is useful for quick testing and prototyping of bdk functionalities.

    This can also be used as an example application to create your own command line bitcoin wallet tool using bdk.

    bdk-cli can interface with all the blockchain backends currently supported by bdk, like rpc, electrum, esplora and compact_filters.

    Check out project documentation (opens new window) for more details.

    The following sections goes into more details on the installation and usage of bdk-cli.

    + (opens new window)

    # Introduction

    bdk-cli (opens new window) is a lightweight repl (opens new window) wrapper over bdk that comes as a command line application. It is useful for quick testing and prototyping of bdk functionalities.

    This can also be used as an example application to create your own command line bitcoin wallet tool using bdk.

    bdk-cli can interface with all the blockchain backends currently supported by bdk, like rpc, electrum, esplora and compact_filters.

    Check out project documentation (opens new window) for more details.

    The following sections goes into more details on the installation and usage of bdk-cli.

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/bdk-cli/playground/index.html b/bdk-cli/playground/index.html index 70a9eac8b4..eee0e56827 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/playground/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/playground/index.html @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

    # Playground

    + (opens new window)

    # Playground

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/bdk-cli/regtest/index.html b/bdk-cli/regtest/index.html index dfcaaa0157..082bacdced 100644 --- a/bdk-cli/regtest/index.html +++ b/bdk-cli/regtest/index.html @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ - + @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@

    Just like before, this command will probably take a while to finish.

    Once it's done, assuming you have a regtest bitcoind running in background, you can launch a new terminal and run the following command to actually start electrs:

    electrs --log-filters INFO --timestamp --db-dir /tmp/electrs-db --electrum-rpc-addr="127.0.0.1:50001" --network=regtest --cookie-file=$HOME/.bitcoin/regtest/.cookie

    on macOS you should change the cookie-file to $HOME/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/regtest/.cookie.

    This will start the Electrum server on port 50001. You can then add the -n regtest -s 127.0.0.1:50001 to the bdk-cli commands to switch to the local regtest.

    # Troubleshooting

    # Stuck with "wait until bitcoind is synced (i.e. initialblockdownload = false)"

    Just generate a few blocks with bitcoin-cli generatetoaddress 1 <address>

    # Bonus: Docker

    If you have already installed Docker on your machine, you can also use 🍣 Nigiri CLI (opens new window) to spin-up a complete development environment in regtest that includes a bitcoin node, an electrs explorer and the esplora (opens new window) web-app to visualize blocks and transactions in the browser.

    Install 🍣 Nigiri

    $ curl https://getnigiri.vulpem.com | bash

    Start Docker daemon and run Nigiri box

    $ nigiri start
-

    This will start electrum RPC interface on port 51401, the REST interface on 3000 and the esplora UI on 5000 (You can visit with the browser and look for blocks, addresses and transactions)

    You can then add the -n regtest -s 127.0.0.1:51401 to the bdk-cli commands to switch to the local regtest.

    +

    This will start electrum RPC interface on port 51401, the REST interface on 3000 and the esplora UI on 5000 (You can visit with the browser and look for blocks, addresses and transactions)

    You can then add the -n regtest -s 127.0.0.1:51401 to the bdk-cli commands to switch to the local regtest.

    ←

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/2020/12/hello-world/index.html b/blog/2020/12/hello-world/index.html index 20f7482194..b428099a1a 100644 --- a/blog/2020/12/hello-world/index.html +++ b/blog/2020/12/hello-world/index.html @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ - + @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ txid = txid );

    # Custom Database and Blockchain types

    We briefly mentioned before that for our example we used the MemoryDatabase, but that it could also be swapped for a different one: this is one example of the modularity of BDK. By default, some database types are already implemented in the library, namely the MemoryDatabase (opens new window) which only keeps data in RAM, the Sled (opens new window) database that can store data on a filesystem, and the SqliteDatabase (opens new window) that can store data into a SQLite database. But since the Database trait is public, users of the library can also implement different database types more suitable for their use-case.

    The same is true for the Blockchain types: the library provides (through the use of opt-in features) implementations for the Electrum, Esplora, CompactFilters (Neutrino) and Bitcoin Core rpc backends. Those again can also be -swapped with custom types if the user desires to do so.

    # Conclusion

    Hopefully, this article will help you get started with BDK! This is just a very quick and gentle introduction to the library, and only barely scratches the surface of what's inside: we will keep publishing more articles in the future to explain some of the more advanced features of BDK, like key generation, using complex descriptors with multiple keys and/or timelocks, using external signers, etc.

    If you'd like to learn more about the library feel free to ask any questions in the comment section down below, or join our Discord Community (opens new window) to chat with us directly!

    Docs

    +swapped with custom types if the user desires to do so.

    # Conclusion

    Hopefully, this article will help you get started with BDK! This is just a very quick and gentle introduction to the library, and only barely scratches the surface of what's inside: we will keep publishing more articles in the future to explain some of the more advanced features of BDK, like key generation, using complex descriptors with multiple keys and/or timelocks, using external signers, etc.

    If you'd like to learn more about the library feel free to ask any questions in the comment section down below, or join our Discord Community (opens new window) to chat with us directly!

    - + diff --git a/blog/2020/12/release-v0.2.0/index.html b/blog/2020/12/release-v0.2.0/index.html index a43634907d..12d2e3935c 100644 --- a/blog/2020/12/release-v0.2.0/index.html +++ b/blog/2020/12/release-v0.2.0/index.html @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ - + @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ .map_err(|e| KeyError::Message(e.to_string()))?) } } -

    # Support for sortedmulti()

    Thanks to the addition of sortedmulti() in rust-miniscript, we can now also support them in BDK, which means we are getting more and more compatible with other descriptor-based wallets out there like Bitcoin Core.

    # Contributors

    A huge thanks to everybody who contributed to this new release with suggestions, pull requests and bug reports.

    Since the 0.1.0-beta.1 release over three months ago, we've had 213 new commits made by 10 different contributors for a total of 9990 additions and 2993 deletions. Here's the full diff (opens new window).

    A special thanks to the 7 new contributors:

    - + diff --git a/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/index.html b/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/index.html index 525e347e06..dffa309c7b 100644 --- a/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/index.html +++ b/blog/2021/01/fee-estimation-for-light-clients-part-1/index.html @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ - + @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fee rate paid by t was the exact value required to get confirmed within the next 6 blocks.

    So to build our model, we first need to gather these data, and machine learning needs a lot of data to work well.

    # The data logger

    The data logger (opens new window) is built with the purpose of collecting all the data we need, and it's MIT licensed open source software written in Rust.

    We need to register the moment in time when transactions enter in the node's mempool; to be efficient and precise we should not only call the RPC endpoints but listen to ZMQ (opens new window) events. Luckily, the just released bitcoin core 0.21.0 added a new ZMQ (opens new window) topic zmqpubsequence notifying mempool events (and block events). The logger is also listening to zmqpubrawtx and zmqpubrawblock topics, to make less RPC calls.

    We are not only interested in the timestamp of the transaction entering the mempool, but also how many blocks it will take until the same transaction is confirmed. In the final dataset this field is called confirms_in[4]; if confirms_in = 1 it means the transaction is confirmed in the first block created after it has been seen for the first time.

    Another critical piece of information logged by the data logger is the fee_rate of the transaction, since the absolute fee value paid by a bitcoin transaction is not available nor derivable given only the transaction itself, as the inputs don't have explicit amounts.

    All these data (apart from the time of the transaction entering in the mempool) can actually be reconstructed simply by looking at the blockchain. However, querying the bitcoin node can be fairly slow, and during the model training iterations we want to recreate the ML dataset rapidly[5], for example whenever we need to modify or add a new field.

    For these reasons, the logger is split into two parts: a process listening to the events sent by our node, which creates raw logs, and then a second process that uses these logs to create the final CSV dataset. Raw logs are self-contained: for example, they contain all the previous transaction output values for every relevant transaction. This causes some redundancy, but in this case it's better to trade some efficiency for more performance -when recreating the dataset.

    High level graph

    My logger instance started collecting data on the 18th of December 2020, and as of today (25th January 2020), the raw logs are about 16GB.

    I expect (or at least hope) the raw logs, the CSV dataset, or the data logger will be useful also for other projects as well, like monitoring the propagation of transactions or other works involving raw mempool data. We will share raw logs data through torrent soon.

    In the following Part 2 we are going to talk about the dataset.

    1. The transaction fee rate is the ratio between the absolute fee expressed in satoshi, over the weight of the transaction measured in virtual bytes. The weight of the transaction is similar to the byte size, however a part of the transaction (the segwit part) is discounted, their byte size is considered less because it creates less burden for the network. ↩︎

    2. mempool is the set of transactions that are valid by consensus rules (for example, they are spending existing bitcoin), broadcasted in the bitcoin peer to peer network, but they are not yet part of the blockchain. ↩︎

    3. DISCLAIMER: I am not an expert data-scientist! ↩︎

    4. Conceptually similar to bitcoin core estimatesmartfee parameter called "blocks target", however, confirms_in is the real value not the desired target. ↩︎

    5. 16GB of compressed raw logs are processed and a compressed CSV produced in about 5 minutes. ↩︎

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/bindings/index.html b/blog/tags/bindings/index.html index 1c3c33e1d5..88ae9ec23b 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bindings/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bindings/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/bitcoin-cli/index.html b/blog/tags/bitcoin-cli/index.html index 69d641b3dd..132f673bdd 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bitcoin-cli/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bitcoin-cli/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html index 5970efd2dc..af4b35de8b 100644 --- a/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/bitcoin/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/blockchain/index.html b/blog/tags/blockchain/index.html index dc55fb2a03..e749dface3 100644 --- a/blog/tags/blockchain/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/blockchain/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/coin selection/index.html b/blog/tags/coin selection/index.html index f8620f5a83..cd8e82c949 100644 --- a/blog/tags/coin selection/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/coin selection/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/compact_filters/index.html b/blog/tags/compact_filters/index.html index accf46bfa2..0cbbfc67d2 100644 --- a/blog/tags/compact_filters/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/compact_filters/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/descriptor/index.html b/blog/tags/descriptor/index.html index 0343444ea8..4252383984 100644 --- a/blog/tags/descriptor/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/descriptor/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -114,6 +114,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/development/index.html b/blog/tags/development/index.html index d3890eedd6..2b5eab3185 100644 --- a/blog/tags/development/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/development/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -103,6 +103,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/fee/index.html b/blog/tags/fee/index.html index b7bfd93051..2a0f1b2401 100644 --- a/blog/tags/fee/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/fee/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ - Tags: - Fee, Machine learning

    Fee estimation for light-clients (Part 3)

    + Fee, Machine learning

    Fee estimation for light-clients (Part 2)

    By Riccardo Casatta @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ - Tags: - Fee, Machine learning

    Fee estimation for light-clients (Part 2)

    + Fee, Machine learning

    Fee estimation for light-clients (Part 3)

    By Riccardo Casatta @@ -103,6 +103,6 @@

    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/getting started/index.html b/blog/tags/getting started/index.html index 22851128e0..af49870616 100644 --- a/blog/tags/getting started/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/getting started/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/grants/index.html b/blog/tags/grants/index.html index 7a3d99247a..a1c3c43247 100644 --- a/blog/tags/grants/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/grants/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/guide/index.html b/blog/tags/guide/index.html index 1e9d5393f4..b929c1236c 100644 --- a/blog/tags/guide/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/guide/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -125,6 +125,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/iOS/index.html b/blog/tags/iOS/index.html index 69543e7929..386a8c14f8 100644 --- a/blog/tags/iOS/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/iOS/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/index.html b/blog/tags/index.html index b8d239e459..34d356dced 100644 --- a/blog/tags/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

    Tags

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/miniscript/index.html b/blog/tags/miniscript/index.html index 502d6486e8..b67357028e 100644 --- a/blog/tags/miniscript/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/miniscript/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -114,6 +114,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/mobile/index.html b/blog/tags/mobile/index.html index 5afb6fb83a..f7cd1c5ff3 100644 --- a/blog/tags/mobile/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/mobile/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/multi-sig/index.html b/blog/tags/multi-sig/index.html index 51c3276708..74edd87e72 100644 --- a/blog/tags/multi-sig/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/multi-sig/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/novice/index.html b/blog/tags/novice/index.html index d48c0ffb44..a2f2f2819f 100644 --- a/blog/tags/novice/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/novice/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/paper wallets/index.html b/blog/tags/paper wallets/index.html index 359a5e277c..c22f0c0f45 100644 --- a/blog/tags/paper wallets/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/paper wallets/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/project/index.html b/blog/tags/project/index.html index f0a92f3306..07df8f71af 100644 --- a/blog/tags/project/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/project/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -136,6 +136,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/release/index.html b/blog/tags/release/index.html index 5d929b9a3e..8fb44db826 100644 --- a/blog/tags/release/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/release/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -158,6 +158,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/rust/index.html b/blog/tags/rust/index.html index cc1d693564..71645d0671 100644 --- a/blog/tags/rust/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/rust/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -169,6 +169,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/security/index.html b/blog/tags/security/index.html index 4c829420a8..aae142cc43 100644 --- a/blog/tags/security/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/security/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/summer of bitcoin/index.html b/blog/tags/summer of bitcoin/index.html index 2c0da62c9c..44b38e5736 100644 --- a/blog/tags/summer of bitcoin/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/summer of bitcoin/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/taproot/index.html b/blog/tags/taproot/index.html index e95d488209..9b792381cc 100644 --- a/blog/tags/taproot/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/taproot/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/tor/index.html b/blog/tags/tor/index.html index dab94c5e6d..fc98b352a5 100644 --- a/blog/tags/tor/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/tor/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/tutorial/index.html b/blog/tags/tutorial/index.html index 490b0626b7..2403dab122 100644 --- a/blog/tags/tutorial/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/tutorial/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -147,6 +147,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/tags/wallet/index.html b/blog/tags/wallet/index.html index 804db32b18..37a7a2db1a 100644 --- a/blog/tags/wallet/index.html +++ b/blog/tags/wallet/index.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ - + @@ -81,6 +81,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/blog/using-bdk-with-hardware-wallets/index.html b/blog/using-bdk-with-hardware-wallets/index.html index fd1f17ef4d..6811fdb9a8 100644 --- a/blog/using-bdk-with-hardware-wallets/index.html +++ b/blog/using-bdk-with-hardware-wallets/index.html @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ - + @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ blockchain.broadcast(&raw_transaction)?; println!("Transaction broadcasted! TXID: {txid}.\nExplorer URL: https://mempool.space/testnet/tx/{txid}", txid = txid); -

    # Conclusion

    We just received coins on a hardware wallet and spent from it - how cool is that?!

    See the hardware signer example (opens new window) for the full code, and, if you have any questions or suggestions, head to our Discord (opens new window). See you there!

    - + diff --git a/examples/index.html b/examples/index.html index 84ea6872fe..31f94a1446 100644 --- a/examples/index.html +++ b/examples/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Blog GitHub - (opens new window)

    # Examples

    Click the links below and learn from community-built example projects.

    # BDK-CLI (opens new window)

    A command line interface to experiment with the bitcoindevkit.

    # DevkitWallet (opens new window)

    A demo app for the bitcoindevkit on Android using bdk-kotlin.

    # Padawan Wallet (opens new window)

    A testnet-only bitcoin wallet full of tutorials on how to use bitcoin wallets.

    # BDKSwiftExampleWallet (opens new window)

    An example iOS app using bdk-swift.

    # Tatooine (opens new window)

    Tatooine is a small bitcoin testnet faucet built with Ktor, a Kotlin asynchronous framework for creating microservices and web applications.

    # SEBA Bank Proof of reserves (opens new window)

    The bdk library aims to be the core building block for Bitcoin wallets of any kind. The bdk-reserves library provides an implementation of proof-of-reserves for bdk.

    # Stackmate (opens new window)

    A multi-purpose Bitcoin Wallet.

    # Spotbit (opens new window)

    Spotbit's purpose is to allow users to access price feeds in a customisable way that preserves privacy and mitigate the reliance on a single source of data.

    + (opens new window)

    # Examples

    Click the links below and learn from community-built example projects.

    # BDK-CLI (opens new window)

    A command line interface to experiment with the bitcoindevkit.

    # DevkitWallet (opens new window)

    A demo app for the bitcoindevkit on Android using bdk-kotlin.

    # Padawan Wallet (opens new window)

    A testnet-only bitcoin wallet full of tutorials on how to use bitcoin wallets.

    # BDKSwiftExampleWallet (opens new window)

    An example iOS app using bdk-swift.

    # Tatooine (opens new window)

    Tatooine is a small bitcoin testnet faucet built with Ktor, a Kotlin asynchronous framework for creating microservices and web applications.

    # SEBA Bank Proof of reserves (opens new window)

    The bdk library aims to be the core building block for Bitcoin wallets of any kind. The bdk-reserves library provides an implementation of proof-of-reserves for bdk.

    # Stackmate (opens new window)

    A multi-purpose Bitcoin Wallet.

    # Spotbit (opens new window)

    Spotbit's purpose is to allow users to access price feeds in a customisable way that preserves privacy and mitigate the reliance on a single source of data.

    ←

    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/about/index.html b/foundation/about/index.html index 641c80f89b..49510b3302 100644 --- a/foundation/about/index.html +++ b/foundation/about/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -78,6 +78,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/become-a-member/index.html b/foundation/become-a-member/index.html index 07120b8e99..13644c217e 100644 --- a/foundation/become-a-member/index.html +++ b/foundation/become-a-member/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -74,6 +74,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/grantees/index.html b/foundation/grantees/index.html index e8d3139b06..a6d641aa4c 100644 --- a/foundation/grantees/index.html +++ b/foundation/grantees/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/grants/index.html b/foundation/grants/index.html index abbb413e76..fba784f969 100644 --- a/foundation/grants/index.html +++ b/foundation/grants/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/index.html b/foundation/index.html index d4fca50cc1..4856a65cf6 100644 --- a/foundation/index.html +++ b/foundation/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -74,6 +74,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/members/index.html b/foundation/members/index.html index d8387fa45e..7e55648abd 100644 --- a/foundation/members/index.html +++ b/foundation/members/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/foundation/supporters/index.html b/foundation/supporters/index.html index 00f1911666..9e992c2c2f 100644 --- a/foundation/supporters/index.html +++ b/foundation/supporters/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -113,6 +113,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/getting-started/index.html b/getting-started/index.html index d06f4858b9..7af7d80ea3 100644 --- a/getting-started/index.html +++ b/getting-started/index.html @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ - + @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ wallet.get_descriptor_for_keychain(KeychainKind::External).to_string(), wallet.get_descriptor_for_keychain(KeychainKind::Internal).to_string()); } -

    More information about each component used in the code can be found in BDK Documentation (opens new window).

    +

    More information about each component used in the code can be found in BDK Documentation (opens new window).

    Introduction → @@ -130,6 +130,6 @@

    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

    - + diff --git a/img/case-studies-logos/alby-logo-130.png b/img/case-studies-logos/alby-logo-130.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cca6c2e7c5 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/case-studies-logos/alby-logo-130.png differ diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 857f0a20f3..ff7c8afec3 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - + @@ -80,6 +80,6 @@
    BDK Foundation

    Copyright © 2025 BDK Developers

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