From 06639d0dc021229531cd586cf8de17370002411d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: EmilyWes <166300537+EmilyWes@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2024 22:47:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Add Pubmed RIS file (#2) --- Datasets/RIS/_baseline_pubmed.ris | 4815 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ README.md | 2 +- 2 files changed, 4816 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 Datasets/RIS/_baseline_pubmed.ris diff --git a/Datasets/RIS/_baseline_pubmed.ris b/Datasets/RIS/_baseline_pubmed.ris new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e418f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Datasets/RIS/_baseline_pubmed.ris @@ -0,0 +1,4815 @@ +PMID- 30922926 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20201005 +LR - 20210109 +IS - 1878-0849 (Electronic) +IS - 1769-7212 (Print) +IS - 1769-7212 (Linking) +VI - 63 +IP - 2 +DP - 2020 Feb +TI - Time lapse: A glimpse into prehistoric genomics. +PG - 103640 +LID - S1769-7212(19)30059-X [pii] +LID - 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.03.004 [doi] +LID - 103640 +AB - For the purpose of this review, 'time-lapse' refers to the reconstruction of + ancestral (in this case dinosaur) karyotypes using genome assemblies of extant + species. Such reconstructions are only usually possible when genomes are + assembled to 'chromosome level' i.e. a complete representation of all the + sequences, correctly ordered contiguously on each of the chromosomes. Recent + paleontological evidence is very clear that birds are living dinosaurs, the + latest example of dinosaurs emerging from a catastrophic extinction event. + Non-avian dinosaurs (ever present in the public imagination through art, and + broadcast media) emerged some 240 million years ago and have displayed incredible + phenotypic diversity. Here we report on our recent studies to infer the overall + karyotype of the Theropod dinosaur lineage from extant avian chromosome level + genome assemblies. Our work first focused on determining the likely karyotype of + the avian ancestor (most likely a chicken-sized, two-legged, feathered, land + dinosaur from the Jurassic period) finding karyotypic similarity to the chicken. + We then took the work further to determine the likely karyotype of the + bird-lizard ancestor and the chromosomal changes (chiefly translocations and + inversions) that occurred between then and modern birds. A combination of + bioinformatics and cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization (zoo-FISH) + uncovered a considerable number of translocations and fissions from a + 'lizard-like' genome structure of 2n = 36-46 to one similar to that of + soft-shelled turtles (2n = 66) from 275 to 255 million years ago (mya). + Remarkable karyotypic similarities between some soft-shelled turtles and chicken + suggests that there were few translocations from the bird-turtle ancestor (plus + ∼7 fissions) through the dawn of the dinosaurs and pterosaurs, through the + theropod linage and on to most to modern birds. In other words, an avian-like + karyotype was in place about 240mya when the dinosaurs and pterosaurs first + emerged. We mapped 49 chromosome inversions from then to the present day, + uncovering some gene ontology enrichment in evolutionary breakpoint regions. This + avian-like karyotype with its many (micro)chromosomes provides the basis for + variation (the driver of natural selection) through increased random segregation + and recombination. It may therefore contribute to the ability of dinosaurs to + survive multiple extinction events, emerging each time as speciose and diverse. +CI - Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights + reserved. +FAU - Griffin, Darren K +AU - Griffin DK +AD - School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK. Electronic + address: d.k.griffin@kent.ac.uk. +FAU - Larkin, Denis M +AU - Larkin DM +AD - Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, + University of London, London, NW1 0TU, UK. Electronic address: dlarkin@rvc.ac.uk. +FAU - O'Connor, Rebecca E +AU - O'Connor RE +AD - School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK. Electronic + address: R.O'Connor@kent.ac.uk. +LA - eng +GR - BB/E010652/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United + Kingdom +PT - Historical Article +PT - Journal Article +PT - Review +DEP - 20190325 +PL - Netherlands +TA - Eur J Med Genet +JT - European journal of medical genetics +JID - 101247089 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Birds/genetics +MH - Chromosome Aberrations +MH - Chromosomes +MH - Dinosaurs/genetics +MH - Evolution, Molecular +MH - Gene Ontology +MH - *Genome +MH - *Genomics/history +MH - History, Ancient +MH - Humans +MH - Karyotype +MH - Phenotype +PMC - PMC7026692 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Chromosome +OT - Comparative +OT - Dinosaur +OT - Genome evolution +OT - Karyotype +EDAT- 2019/03/30 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/10/06 06:00 +PMCR- 2020/02/01 +CRDT- 2019/03/30 06:00 +PHST- 2019/01/21 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/03/10 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/03/30 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/10/06 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/03/30 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2020/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - S1769-7212(19)30059-X [pii] +AID - 103640 [pii] +AID - 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.03.004 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Eur J Med Genet. 2020 Feb;63(2):103640. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.03.004. Epub + 2019 Mar 25. + +PMID- 37068225 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230419 +LR - 20231017 +IS - 1091-6490 (Electronic) +IS - 0027-8424 (Print) +IS - 0027-8424 (Linking) +VI - 120 +IP - 17 +DP - 2023 Apr 25 +TI - Symbiosis between Cretaceous dinosaurs and feather-feeding beetles. +PG - e2217872120 +LID - 10.1073/pnas.2217872120 [doi] +LID - e2217872120 +AB - Extant terrestrial vertebrates, including birds, have a panoply of symbiotic + relationships with many insects and arachnids, such as parasitism or mutualism. + Yet, identifying arthropod-vertebrate symbioses in the fossil record has been + based largely on indirect evidence; findings of direct association between + arthropod guests and dinosaur host remains are exceedingly scarce. Here, we + present direct and indirect evidence demonstrating that beetle larvae fed on + feathers from an undetermined theropod host (avian or nonavian) 105 million y + ago. An exceptional amber assemblage is reported of larval molts (exuviae) + intimately associated with plumulaceous feather and other remains, as well as + three additional amber pieces preserving isolated conspecific exuviae. Samples + were found in the roughly coeval Spanish amber deposits of El Soplao, San Just, + and Peñacerrada I. Integration of the morphological, systematic, and taphonomic + data shows that the beetle larval exuviae, belonging to three developmental + stages, are most consistent with skin/hide beetles (family Dermestidae), an + ecologically important group with extant keratophagous species that commonly + inhabit bird and mammal nests. These findings show that a symbiotic relationship + involving keratophagy comparable to that of beetles and birds in current + ecosystems existed between their Early Cretaceous relatives. +FAU - Peñalver, Enrique +AU - Peñalver E +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8312-6087 +AD - Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de + Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia 46004, Spain. +FAU - Peris, David +AU - Peris D +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4074-7400 +AD - Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la + Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain. +AD - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona + 08028, Spain. +AD - Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona 08038, + Spain. +FAU - Álvarez-Parra, Sergio +AU - Álvarez-Parra S +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0232-1647 +AD - Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la + Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain. +AD - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona + 08028, Spain. +FAU - Grimaldi, David A +AU - Grimaldi DA +AD - Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York NY + 10024-5192. +FAU - Arillo, Antonio +AU - Arillo A +AD - Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, + Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain. +FAU - Chiappe, Luis +AU - Chiappe L +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9661-0601 +AD - Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles + 90007. +FAU - Delclòs, Xavier +AU - Delclòs X +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2233-5480 +AD - Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la + Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain. +AD - Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona + 08028, Spain. +FAU - Alcalá, Luis +AU - Alcalá L +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6369-6186 +AD - Parque de las Ciencias de Andalucía, Granada 18006, Spain. +FAU - Sanz, José Luis +AU - Sanz JL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5214-5725 +AD - Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, + Madrid 28049, Spain. +AD - Real Academia Española de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Madrid 28004, + Spain. +FAU - Solórzano-Kraemer, Mónica M +AU - Solórzano-Kraemer MM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3065-119X +AD - Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research + Institute, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany. +FAU - Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo +AU - Pérez-de la Fuente R +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2830-2639 +AD - Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20230417 +PL - United States +TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A +JT - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America +JID - 7505876 +RN - 0 (Amber) +SB - IM +CIN - Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7958):632. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-01282-9. PMID: 37081273 +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Feathers/anatomy & histology +MH - *Coleoptera +MH - Symbiosis +MH - Amber +MH - Ecosystem +MH - Fossils +MH - Birds/anatomy & histology +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Mammals +PMC - PMC10151472 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Cretaceous +OT - amber +OT - arthropod-dinosaur interaction +OT - paleoecology +OT - symbiosis +COIS- The authors declare no competing interest. +EDAT- 2023/04/18 06:00 +MHDA- 2023/04/19 06:41 +PMCR- 2023/04/17 +CRDT- 2023/04/17 15:23 +PHST- 2023/04/19 06:41 [medline] +PHST- 2023/04/17 15:23 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/04/18 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/04/17 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 202217872 [pii] +AID - 10.1073/pnas.2217872120 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Apr 25;120(17):e2217872120. doi: + 10.1073/pnas.2217872120. Epub 2023 Apr 17. + +PMID- 36448670 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20221201 +LR - 20221208 +IS - 2050-084X (Electronic) +IS - 2050-084X (Linking) +VI - 11 +DP - 2022 Nov 30 +TI - Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur. +LID - 10.7554/eLife.80092 [doi] +LID - e80092 +AB - A predominantly fish-eating diet was envisioned for the sail-backed theropod + dinosaur Spinosaurus aegyptiacus when its elongate jaws with subconical teeth + were unearthed a century ago in Egypt. Recent discovery of the high-spined tail + of that skeleton, however, led to a bolder conjecture that S. aegyptiacus was the + first fully aquatic dinosaur. The 'aquatic hypothesis' posits that S. aegyptiacus + was a slow quadruped on land but a capable pursuit predator in coastal waters, + powered by an expanded tail. We test these functional claims with skeletal and + flesh models of S. aegyptiacus. We assembled a CT-based skeletal reconstruction + based on the fossils, to which we added internal air and muscle to create a + posable flesh model. That model shows that on land S. aegyptiacus was bipedal and + in deep water was an unstable, slow-surface swimmer (<1 m/s) too buoyant to dive. + Living reptiles with similar spine-supported sails over trunk and tail are used + for display rather than aquatic propulsion, and nearly all extant secondary + swimmers have reduced limbs and fleshy tail flukes. New fossils also show that + Spinosaurus ranged far inland. Two stages are clarified in the evolution of + Spinosaurus, which is best understood as a semiaquatic bipedal ambush piscivore + that frequented the margins of coastal and inland waterways. +CI - © 2022, Sereno et al. +FAU - Sereno, Paul C +AU - Sereno PC +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7958-3701 +AD - 1Department of Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States. +AD - Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States. +FAU - Myhrvold, Nathan +AU - Myhrvold N +AD - Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, United States. +FAU - Henderson, Donald M +AU - Henderson DM +AD - Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Alberta, Canada. +FAU - Fish, Frank E +AU - Fish FE +AD - Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, United States. +FAU - Vidal, Daniel +AU - Vidal D +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6054-1357 +AD - Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, UNED, Madrid, Spain. +FAU - Baumgart, Stephanie L +AU - Baumgart SL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9534-7389 +AD - 1Department of Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States. +FAU - Keillor, Tyler M +AU - Keillor TM +AD - 1Department of Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States. +FAU - Formoso, Kiersten K +AU - Formoso KK +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, + United States. +AD - Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, + United States. +FAU - Conroy, Lauren L +AU - Conroy LL +AD - 1Department of Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20221130 +PL - England +TA - Elife +JT - eLife +JID - 101579614 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs +MH - Fossils +MH - Skeleton +MH - Muscles +MH - Spine +PMC - PMC9711522 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Spinosaurus +OT - ambush predator +OT - aquatic +OT - dinosaur +OT - evolution +OT - evolutionary biology +OT - spinosaurid +COIS- PS, NM, DH, FF, DV, SB, TK, KF, LC No competing interests declared +EDAT- 2022/12/01 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/12/02 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/11/30 +CRDT- 2022/11/30 07:53 +PHST- 2022/05/07 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/10/05 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/11/30 07:53 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/12/01 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/12/02 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 80092 [pii] +AID - 10.7554/eLife.80092 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Elife. 2022 Nov 30;11:e80092. doi: 10.7554/eLife.80092. + +PMID- 26754250 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20160804 +LR - 20240324 +IS - 1471-2148 (Electronic) +IS - 1471-2148 (Linking) +VI - 16 +DP - 2016 Jan 11 +TI - On the probability of dinosaur fleas. +PG - 9 +LID - 10.1186/s12862-015-0568-x [doi] +LID - 9 +AB - Recently, a set of publications described flea fossils from Jurassic and Early + Cretaceous geological strata in northeastern China, which were suggested to have + parasitized feathered dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and early birds or mammals. In + support of these fossils being fleas, a recent publication in BMC Evolutionary + Biology described the extended abdomen of a female fossil specimen as due to + blood feeding.We here comment on these findings, and conclude that the current + interpretation of the evolutionary trajectory and ecology of these putative + dinosaur fleas is based on appeal to probability, rather than evidence. Hence, + their taxonomic positioning as fleas, or stem fleas, as well as their ecological + classification as ectoparasites and blood feeders is not supported by currently + available data. +FAU - Dittmar, Katharina +AU - Dittmar K +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 109, Buffalo, NY, + 14260, USA. kd52@buffalo.edu. +AD - Graduate Program of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University at Buffalo, + State University of New York, 411 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA. + kd52@buffalo.edu. +FAU - Zhu, Qiyun +AU - Zhu Q +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 109, Buffalo, NY, + 14260, USA. +FAU - Hastriter, Michael W +AU - Hastriter MW +AD - Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, 336 MLB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA. +FAU - Whiting, Michael F +AU - Whiting MF +AD - Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, 4142 LSB, + Provo, UT, 84602, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Letter +DEP - 20160111 +PL - England +TA - BMC Evol Biol +JT - BMC evolutionary biology +JID - 100966975 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - China +MH - Dinosaurs/*parasitology +MH - Female +MH - Fossils +MH - Probability +MH - *Siphonaptera/classification +PMC - PMC4710018 +EDAT- 2016/01/13 06:00 +MHDA- 2016/08/05 06:00 +PMCR- 2016/01/11 +CRDT- 2016/01/13 06:00 +PHST- 2014/12/19 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2015/12/14 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2016/01/13 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2016/08/05 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2016/01/11 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1186/s12862-015-0568-x [pii] +AID - 568 [pii] +AID - 10.1186/s12862-015-0568-x [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - BMC Evol Biol. 2016 Jan 11;16:9. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0568-x. + +PMID- 21251189 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20110502 +LR - 20240416 +IS - 1469-185X (Electronic) +IS - 1464-7931 (Print) +IS - 0006-3231 (Linking) +VI - 86 +IP - 1 +DP - 2011 Feb +TI - Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. +PG - 117-55 +LID - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00137.x [doi] +AB - The herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were + the largest terrestrial animals ever, surpassing the largest herbivorous mammals + by an order of magnitude in body mass. Several evolutionary lineages among + Sauropoda produced giants with body masses in excess of 50 metric tonnes by + conservative estimates. With body mass increase driven by the selective + advantages of large body size, animal lineages will increase in body size until + they reach the limit determined by the interplay of bauplan, biology, and + resource availability. There is no evidence, however, that resource availability + and global physicochemical parameters were different enough in the Mesozoic to + have led to sauropod gigantism. We review the biology of sauropod dinosaurs in + detail and posit that sauropod gigantism was made possible by a specific + combination of plesiomorphic characters (phylogenetic heritage) and evolutionary + innovations at different levels which triggered a remarkable evolutionary + cascade. Of these key innovations, the most important probably was the very long + neck, the most conspicuous feature of the sauropod bauplan. Compared to other + herbivores, the long neck allowed more efficient food uptake than in other large + herbivores by covering a much larger feeding envelope and making food accessible + that was out of the reach of other herbivores. Sauropods thus must have been able + to take up more energy from their environment than other herbivores. The long + neck, in turn, could only evolve because of the small head and the extensive + pneumatization of the sauropod axial skeleton, lightening the neck. The small + head was possible because food was ingested without mastication. Both mastication + and a gastric mill would have limited food uptake rate. Scaling relationships + between gastrointestinal tract size and basal metabolic rate (BMR) suggest that + sauropods compensated for the lack of particle reduction with long retention + times, even at high uptake rates. The extensive pneumatization of the axial + skeleton resulted from the evolution of an avian-style respiratory system, + presumably at the base of Saurischia. An avian-style respiratory system would + also have lowered the cost of breathing, reduced specific gravity, and may have + been important in removing excess body heat. Another crucial innovation inherited + from basal dinosaurs was a high BMR. This is required for fueling the high growth + rate necessary for a multi-tonne animal to survive to reproductive maturity. The + retention of the plesiomorphic oviparous mode of reproduction appears to have + been critical as well, allowing much faster population recovery than in + megaherbivore mammals. Sauropods produced numerous but small offspring each + season while land mammals show a negative correlation of reproductive output to + body size. This permitted lower population densities in sauropods than in + megaherbivore mammals but larger individuals. Our work on sauropod dinosaurs thus + informs us about evolutionary limits to body size in other groups of herbivorous + terrestrial tetrapods. Ectothermic reptiles are strongly limited by their low + BMR, remaining small. Mammals are limited by their extensive mastication and + their vivipary, while ornithsichian dinosaurs were only limited by their + extensive mastication, having greater average body sizes than mammals. +CI - © 2010 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2010 Cambridge Philosophical Society. +FAU - Sander, P Martin +AU - Sander PM +AD - Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn, Germany. martin.sander@uni-bonn.de +FAU - Christian, Andreas +AU - Christian A +FAU - Clauss, Marcus +AU - Clauss M +FAU - Fechner, Regina +AU - Fechner R +FAU - Gee, Carole T +AU - Gee CT +FAU - Griebeler, Eva-Maria +AU - Griebeler EM +FAU - Gunga, Hanns-Christian +AU - Gunga HC +FAU - Hummel, Jürgen +AU - Hummel J +FAU - Mallison, Heinrich +AU - Mallison H +FAU - Perry, Steven F +AU - Perry SF +FAU - Preuschoft, Holger +AU - Preuschoft H +FAU - Rauhut, Oliver W M +AU - Rauhut OW +FAU - Remes, Kristian +AU - Remes K +FAU - Tütken, Thomas +AU - Tütken T +FAU - Wings, Oliver +AU - Wings O +FAU - Witzel, Ulrich +AU - Witzel U +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Review +PL - England +TA - Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc +JT - Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society +JID - 0414576 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - *Body Size +MH - *Bone Development +MH - Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/*growth & development +MH - Fossils +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC3045712 +EDAT- 2011/01/22 06:00 +MHDA- 2011/05/03 06:00 +PMCR- 2011/02/28 +CRDT- 2011/01/22 06:00 +PHST- 2011/01/22 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2011/01/22 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2011/05/03 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2011/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00137.x [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2011 Feb;86(1):117-55. doi: + 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00137.x. + +PMID- 35962036 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220816 +LR - 20221118 +IS - 2399-3642 (Electronic) +IS - 2399-3642 (Linking) +VI - 5 +IP - 1 +DP - 2022 Aug 12 +TI - The exquisitely preserved integument of Psittacosaurus and the scaly skin of + ceratopsian dinosaurs. +PG - 809 +LID - 10.1038/s42003-022-03749-3 [doi] +LID - 809 +AB - The Frankfurt specimen of the early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus + is remarkable for the exquisite preservation of squamous (scaly) skin and other + soft tissues that cover almost its entire body. New observations under + Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence (LSF) reveal the complexity of the squamous skin of + Psittacosaurus, including several unique features and details of newly detected + and previously-described integumentary structures. Variations in the scaly skin + are found to be strongly regionalized in Psittacosaurus. For example, feature + scales consist of truncated cone-shaped scales on the shoulder, but form a + longitudinal row of quadrangular scales on the tail. Re-examined through LSF, the + cloaca of Psittacosaurus has a longitudinal opening, or vent; a condition that it + shares only with crocodylians. This implies that the cloaca may have had + crocodylian-like internal anatomy, including a single, ventrally-positioned + copulatory organ. Combined with these new integumentary data, a comprehensive + review of integument in ceratopsian dinosaurs reveals that scalation was + generally conservative in ceratopsians and typically consisted of large + subcircular-to-polygonal feature scales surrounded by a network of smaller + non-overlapping polygonal basement scales. This study highlights the importance + of combining exceptional specimens with modern imaging techniques, which are + helping to redefine the perceived complexity of squamation in ceratopsians and + other dinosaurs. +CI - © 2022. The Author(s). +FAU - Bell, Phil R +AU - Bell PR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5890-8183 +AD - School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, + NSW, 2351, Australia. pbell23@une.edu.au. +FAU - Hendrickx, Christophe +AU - Hendrickx C +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8500-2405 +AD - Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, + San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. christophendrickx@gmail.com. +FAU - Pittman, Michael +AU - Pittman M +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6149-3078 +AD - School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong + SAR, China. mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk. +AD - Foundation for Scientific Advancement, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA. + mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk. +FAU - Kaye, Thomas G +AU - Kaye TG +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7996-618X +AD - Foundation for Scientific Advancement, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA. +FAU - Mayr, Gerald +AU - Mayr G +AD - Ornithological Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum + Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Review +DEP - 20220812 +PL - England +TA - Commun Biol +JT - Communications biology +JID - 101719179 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils +MH - Preservation, Biological +MH - Skin +PMC - PMC9374759 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/08/13 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/08/17 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/08/12 +CRDT- 2022/08/12 23:21 +PHST- 2022/02/18 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/07/20 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/08/12 23:21 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/08/13 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/08/17 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/08/12 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-022-03749-3 [pii] +AID - 3749 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-022-03749-3 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Commun Biol. 2022 Aug 12;5(1):809. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03749-3. + +PMID- 37464026 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230721 +LR - 20230802 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 13 +IP - 1 +DP - 2023 Jul 18 +TI - An extraordinary fossil captures the struggle for existence during the Mesozoic. +PG - 11221 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8 [doi] +LID - 11221 +AB - Dinosaurs and mammals have coexisted for the last ~ 230 million years. Both + groups arose during the Late Triassic and diversified throughout the Mesozoic and + into the Cenozoic (the latter in the form of birds). Although they undoubtedly + interacted in many ways, direct fossil evidence for their interaction is rare. + Here we report a new fossil find from the Lujiatun Member of the Lower Cretaceous + Yixian Formation of China, showing a gobiconodontid mammal and psittacosaurid + dinosaur locked in mortal combat. We entertain various hypothesized explanations + for this association, but the balance of the evidence suggests that it represents + a predation attempt on the part of the smaller mammal, suddenly interrupted by, + and preserved within, a lahar-type volcanic debris flow. Mesozoic mammals are + usually depicted as having lived in the shadows of their larger dinosaurian + contemporaries, but this new fossil convincingly demonstrates that mammals could + pose a threat even to near fully-grown dinosaurs. The Yixian Formation-and the + Chinese fossil Jehol Biota more broadly-have played a particularly important role + in revealing the diversity of small-bodied dinosaurs and other fauna. We + anticipate that the volcanically derived obrution deposits specific to the + Lujiatun Member will likewise continue to yield evidence for biotic interactions + otherwise unknown from the rest of the fossil record. +CI - © 2023. The Author(s). +FAU - Han, Gang +AU - Han G +AD - Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan, China. +AD - Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, Hainan, China. +FAU - Mallon, Jordan C +AU - Mallon JC +AD - Beaty Centre for Species Discovery and Palaeobiology Section, Canadian Museum of + Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. jmallon@nature.ca. +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. + jmallon@nature.ca. +FAU - Lussier, Aaron J +AU - Lussier AJ +AD - Beaty Centre for Species Discovery and Mineralogy Section, Canadian Museum of + Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. +FAU - Wu, Xiao-Chun +AU - Wu XC +AD - Beaty Centre for Species Discovery and Palaeobiology Section, Canadian Museum of + Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. +FAU - Mitchell, Robert +AU - Mitchell R +AD - Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. +FAU - Li, Ling-Ji +AU - Li LJ +AD - Weihai Ziguang Shi Yan School, Weihai, Shandong, China. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20230718 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Fossils +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Birds +MH - Mammals +MH - Predatory Behavior +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC10354204 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/07/19 01:06 +MHDA- 2023/07/21 06:43 +PMCR- 2023/07/18 +CRDT- 2023/07/18 23:26 +PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2023/06/23 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/07/21 06:43 [medline] +PHST- 2023/07/19 01:06 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/07/18 23:26 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/07/18 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8 [pii] +AID - 37545 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 18;13(1):11221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37545-8. + +PMID- 33990610 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20210603 +LR - 20240402 +IS - 2041-1723 (Electronic) +IS - 2041-1723 (Linking) +VI - 12 +IP - 1 +DP - 2021 May 14 +TI - Niche partitioning shaped herbivore macroevolution through the early Mesozoic. +PG - 2796 +LID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23169-x [doi] +LID - 2796 +AB - The Triassic (252-201 Ma) marks a major punctuation in Earth history, when + ecosystems rebuilt themselves following the devastating Permian-Triassic mass + extinction. Herbivory evolved independently several times as ecosystems + comprising diverse assemblages of therapsids, parareptiles and archosauromorphs + rose and fell, leading to a world dominated by dinosaurs. It was assumed that + dinosaurs prevailed either through long-term competitive replacement of the + incumbent clades or rapidly and opportunistically following one or more + extinction events. Here we use functional morphology and ecology to explore + herbivore morphospace through the Triassic and Early Jurassic. We identify five + main herbivore guilds (ingestion generalists, prehension specialists, durophagous + specialists, shearing pulpers, and heavy oral processors), and find that + herbivore clades generally avoided competition by almost exclusively occupying + different guilds. Major ecosystem remodelling was triggered multiple times by + external environmental challenges, and previously dominant herbivores were + marginalised by newly emerging forms. Dinosaur dominance was a mix of opportunity + following disaster, combined with competitive advantage in their new world. +FAU - Singh, Suresh A +AU - Singh SA +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5262-3758 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. + ss1314@bristol.ac.uk. +FAU - Elsler, Armin +AU - Elsler A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8673-9591 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Stubbs, Thomas L +AU - Stubbs TL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7358-1051 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Bond, Russell +AU - Bond R +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Rayfield, Emily J +AU - Rayfield EJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2618-750X +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Benton, Michael J +AU - Benton MJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4323-1824 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +LA - eng +SI - Dryad/10.5061/dryad.0cfxpnw24 +PT - Historical Article +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20210514 +PL - England +TA - Nat Commun +JT - Nature communications +JID - 101528555 +SB - IM +EIN - Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 22;12(1):4591. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24593-9. PMID: + 34294709 +MH - Animals +MH - Biodiversity +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Cluster Analysis +MH - Diet +MH - Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - *Ecosystem +MH - Extinction, Biological +MH - Food Chain +MH - Fossils +MH - *Herbivory +MH - History, Ancient +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC8121902 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2021/05/16 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/06/04 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/05/14 +CRDT- 2021/05/15 05:49 +PHST- 2020/03/12 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/04/16 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/05/15 05:49 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/05/16 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/06/04 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/05/14 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23169-x [pii] +AID - 23169 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23169-x [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Nat Commun. 2021 May 14;12(1):2796. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23169-x. + +PMID- 35444275 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220429 +LR - 20220722 +IS - 1476-4687 (Electronic) +IS - 0028-0836 (Print) +IS - 0028-0836 (Linking) +VI - 604 +IP - 7907 +DP - 2022 Apr +TI - Pterosaur melanosomes support signalling functions for early feathers. +PG - 684-688 +LID - 10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3 [doi] +AB - Remarkably well-preserved soft tissues in Mesozoic fossils have yielded + substantial insights into the evolution of feathers(1). New evidence of branched + feathers in pterosaurs suggests that feathers originated in the avemetatarsalian + ancestor of pterosaurs and dinosaurs in the Early Triassic(2), but the homology + of these pterosaur structures with feathers is controversial(3,4). Reports of + pterosaur feathers with homogeneous ovoid melanosome geometries(2,5) suggest that + they exhibited limited variation in colour, supporting hypotheses that early + feathers functioned primarily in thermoregulation(6). Here we report the presence + of diverse melanosome geometries in the skin and simple and branched feathers of + a tapejarid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous found in Brazil. The melanosomes + form distinct populations in different feather types and the skin, a feature + previously known only in theropod dinosaurs, including birds. These + tissue-specific melanosome geometries in pterosaurs indicate that manipulation of + feather colour-and thus functions of feathers in visual communication-has deep + evolutionary origins. These features show that genetic regulation of melanosome + chemistry and shape(7-9) was active early in feather evolution. +CI - © 2022. The Author(s). +FAU - Cincotta, Aude +AU - Cincotta A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0039-0160 +AD - Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural + Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. acincotta@naturalsciences.be. +AD - Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium. + acincotta@naturalsciences.be. +AD - School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, + Cork, Ireland. acincotta@naturalsciences.be. +AD - Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. + acincotta@naturalsciences.be. +FAU - Nicolaï, Michaël +AU - Nicolaï M +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9570-0311 +AD - Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Biology Department, Ghent + University, Ghent, Belgium. +FAU - Campos, Hebert Bruno Nascimento +AU - Campos HBN +AD - Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Campina Grande, Brazil. +FAU - McNamara, Maria +AU - McNamara M +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0968-4624 +AD - School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, + Cork, Ireland. maria.mcnamara@ucc.ie. +AD - Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. + maria.mcnamara@ucc.ie. +FAU - D'Alba, Liliana +AU - D'Alba L +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2478-3455 +AD - Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Biology Department, Ghent + University, Ghent, Belgium. +AD - Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. +FAU - Shawkey, Matthew D +AU - Shawkey MD +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5131-8209 +AD - Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Biology Department, Ghent + University, Ghent, Belgium. +FAU - Kischlat, Edio-Ernst +AU - Kischlat EE +AD - Divisão de Bacias Sedimentares, Geological Survey of Brazil, Porto Alegre, + Brazil. +FAU - Yans, Johan +AU - Yans J +AD - Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium. +FAU - Carleer, Robert +AU - Carleer R +AD - Research Group of Analytical and Circular Chemistry, Institute for Material + Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. +FAU - Escuillié, François +AU - Escuillié F +AD - ELDONIA, Gannat, France. +FAU - Godefroit, Pascal +AU - Godefroit P +AD - Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural + Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20220420 +PL - England +TA - Nature +JT - Nature +JID - 0410462 +SB - IM +CIN - Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7907):630-631. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-01036-z. PMID: + 35444308 +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - *Feathers +MH - *Fossils +MH - *Melanosomes +MH - Pigmentation +PMC - PMC9046085 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/04/22 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/04/30 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/04/20 +CRDT- 2022/04/21 05:34 +PHST- 2021/10/22 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/03/07 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/04/22 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/04/30 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/04/21 05:34 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/04/20 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3 [pii] +AID - 4622 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7907):684-688. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3. Epub 2022 + Apr 20. + +PMID- 36122246 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220922 +LR - 20230320 +IS - 1091-6490 (Electronic) +IS - 0027-8424 (Print) +IS - 0027-8424 (Linking) +VI - 119 +IP - 39 +DP - 2022 Sep 27 +TI - Low dinosaur biodiversity in central China 2 million years prior to the + end-Cretaceous mass extinction. +PG - e2211234119 +LID - 10.1073/pnas.2211234119 [doi] +LID - e2211234119 +AB - Whether or not nonavian dinosaur biodiversity declined prior to the + end-Cretaceous mass extinction remains controversial as the result of sampling + biases in the fossil record, differences in the analytical approaches used, and + the rarity of high-precision geochronological dating of dinosaur fossils. Using + magnetostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy, we establish a + high-resolution geochronological framework for the fossil-rich Late Cretaceous + sedimentary sequence in the Shanyang Basin of central China. We have found only + three dinosaurian eggshell taxa (Macroolithus yaotunensis, Elongatoolithus + elongatus, and Stromatoolithus pinglingensis) representing two clades + (Oviraptoridae and Hadrosauridae) in sediments deposited between ∼68.2 and ∼66.4 + million y ago, indicating sustained low dinosaur biodiversity, and that + assessment is consistent with the known skeletal remains in the Shanyang and + surrounding basins of central China. Along with the dinosaur eggshell records + from eastern and southern China, we find a decline in dinosaur biodiversity from + the Campanian to the Maastrichtian. Our results support a long-term decline in + global dinosaur biodiversity prior to 66 million y ago, which likely set the + stage for the end-Cretaceous nonavian dinosaur mass extinction. +FAU - Han, Fei +AU - Han F +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9450-006X +AD - Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism Laboratory, School of Geophysics and + Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. +FAU - Wang, Qiang +AU - Wang Q +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4881-521X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Wang, Huapei +AU - Wang H +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1676-3494 +AD - Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism Laboratory, School of Geophysics and + Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. +FAU - Zhu, Xufeng +AU - Zhu X +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9731-6615 +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +FAU - Zhou, Xinying +AU - Zhou X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Wang, Zhixiang +AU - Wang Z +AD - Department of Applied Geophysics, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China + University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. +FAU - Fang, Kaiyong +AU - Fang K +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Stidham, Thomas A +AU - Stidham TA +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Wang, Wei +AU - Wang W +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing 100044, China. +AD - State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and + Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. +FAU - Wang, Xiaolin +AU - Wang X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Li, Xiaoqiang +AU - Li X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing 100044, China. +FAU - Qin, Huafeng +AU - Qin H +AD - State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and + Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. +FAU - Fan, Longgang +AU - Fan L +AD - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, + Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, + China. +FAU - Wen, Chen +AU - Wen C +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3696-3696 +AD - Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism Laboratory, School of Geophysics and + Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. +FAU - Luo, Jianhong +AU - Luo J +AD - Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism Laboratory, School of Geophysics and + Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China. +FAU - Pan, Yongxin +AU - Pan Y +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4227-3061 +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, + Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, + China. +FAU - Deng, Chenglong +AU - Deng C +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1848-3170 +AD - College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. +AD - State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and + Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20220919 +PL - United States +TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A +JT - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America +JID - 7505876 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biodiversity +MH - China +MH - *Dinosaurs/classification +MH - *Extinction, Biological +MH - *Fossils +PMC - PMC9522366 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - dinosaur eggshells +OT - east Asia +OT - end-Cretaceous mass extinction +OT - magnetostratigraphy +COIS- The authors declare no competing interest. +EDAT- 2022/09/20 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/09/23 06:00 +PMCR- 2023/03/19 +CRDT- 2022/09/19 15:23 +PHST- 2022/09/19 15:23 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/09/20 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/09/23 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2023/03/19 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 202211234 [pii] +AID - 10.1073/pnas.2211234119 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 27;119(39):e2211234119. doi: + 10.1073/pnas.2211234119. Epub 2022 Sep 19. + +PMID- 34841511 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220414 +LR - 20220613 +IS - 1469-7580 (Electronic) +IS - 0021-8782 (Print) +IS - 0021-8782 (Linking) +VI - 240 +IP - 5 +DP - 2022 May +TI - Femoral specializations to locomotor habits in early archosauriforms. +PG - 867-892 +LID - 10.1111/joa.13598 [doi] +AB - The evolutionary history of archosaurs and their closest relatives is + characterized by a wide diversity of locomotor modes, which has even been + suggested as a pivotal aspect underlying the evolutionary success of dinosaurs + vs. pseudosuchians across the Triassic-Jurassic transition. This locomotor + diversity (e.g., more sprawling/erect; crouched/upright; quadrupedal/bipedal) led + to several morphofunctional specializations of archosauriform limb bones that + have been studied qualitatively as well as quantitatively through various linear + morphometric studies. However, differences in locomotor habits have never been + studied across the Triassic-Jurassic transition using 3D geometric morphometrics, + which can relate how morphological features vary according to biological factors + such as locomotor habit and body mass. Herein, we investigate morphological + variation across a dataset of 72 femora from 36 different species of + archosauriforms. First, we identify femoral head rotation, distal slope of the + fourth trochanter, femoral curvature, and the angle between the lateral condyle + and crista tibiofibularis as the main features varying between bipedal and + quadrupedal taxa, all of these traits having a stronger locomotor signal than the + lesser trochanter's proximal extent. We show a significant association between + locomotor mode and phylogeny, but with the locomotor signal being stronger than + the phylogenetic signal. This enables us to predict locomotor modes of some of + the more ambiguous early archosauriforms without relying on the relationships + between hindlimb and forelimb linear bone dimensions as in prior studies. Second, + we highlight that the most important morphological variation is linked to the + increase of body size, which impacts the width of the epiphyses and the roundness + and proximodistal position of the fourth trochanter. Furthermore, we show that + bipedal and quadrupedal archosauriforms have different allometric trajectories + along the morphological variation in relation to body size. Finally, we + demonstrate a covariation between locomotor mode and body size, with variations + in femoral bowing (anteroposterior curvature) being more distinct among robust + femora than gracile ones. We also identify a decoupling in fourth trochanter + variation between locomotor mode (symmetrical to semi-pendant) and body size + (sharp to rounded). Our results indicate a similar level of morphological + disparity linked to a clear convergence in femoral robusticity between the two + clades of archosauriforms (Pseudosuchia and Avemetatarsalia), emphasizing the + importance of accounting for body size when studying their evolutionary history, + as well as when studying the functional morphology of appendicular features. + Determining how early archosauriform skeletal features were impacted by locomotor + habits and body size also enables us to discuss the potential homoplasy of some + phylogenetic characters used previously in cladistic analyses as well as when + bipedalism evolved in the avemetatarsalian lineage. This study illuminates how + the evolution of femoral morphology in early archosauriforms was functionally + constrained by locomotor habit and body size, which should aid ongoing + discussions about the early evolution of dinosaurs and the nature of their + evolutionary "success" over pseudosuchians. +CI - © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on + behalf of Anatomical Society. +FAU - Pintore, Romain +AU - Pintore R +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2438-614X +AD - Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, + Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK. +AD - Mécanismes adaptatifs et évolution (MECADEV)/UMR 7179, CNRS/Muséum National + d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. +FAU - Houssaye, Alexandra +AU - Houssaye A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8789-5545 +AD - Mécanismes adaptatifs et évolution (MECADEV)/UMR 7179, CNRS/Muséum National + d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. +FAU - Nesbitt, Sterling J +AU - Nesbitt SJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7017-1652 +AD - Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. +FAU - Hutchinson, John R +AU - Hutchinson JR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6767-7038 +AD - Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, + Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK. +LA - eng +GR - EAR-1337291/National Science Foundation/ +GR - 9606-14/National Geographic Society/ +GR - DAWNDINOS 695517/H2020 European Research Council/ +GR - GRAVIBONE 715300/H2020 European Research Council/ +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20211128 +PL - England +TA - J Anat +JT - Journal of anatomy +JID - 0137162 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Femur/anatomy & histology +MH - Habits +MH - Locomotion +MH - Lower Extremity +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC9005686 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Archosauria +OT - Triassic +OT - appendicular skeleton +OT - body size +OT - functional morphology +OT - geometric morphometrics +OT - locomotion +EDAT- 2021/11/30 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/04/15 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/11/28 +CRDT- 2021/11/29 06:42 +PHST- 2021/10/27 00:00 [revised] +PHST- 2021/03/26 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/11/15 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/11/30 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/04/15 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/11/29 06:42 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/11/28 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - JOA13598 [pii] +AID - 10.1111/joa.13598 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - J Anat. 2022 May;240(5):867-892. doi: 10.1111/joa.13598. Epub 2021 Nov 28. + +PMID- 32810126 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200917 +LR - 20240329 +IS - 1545-7885 (Electronic) +IS - 1544-9173 (Print) +IS - 1544-9173 (Linking) +VI - 18 +IP - 8 +DP - 2020 Aug +TI - Decelerated dinosaur skull evolution with the origin of birds. +PG - e3000801 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000801 [doi] +LID - e3000801 +AB - The evolutionary radiation of birds has produced incredible morphological + variation, including a huge range of skull form and function. Investigating how + this variation arose with respect to non-avian dinosaurs is key to understanding + how birds achieved their remarkable success after the Cretaceous-Paleogene + extinction event. Using a high-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, we + quantified the shape of the skull in unprecedented detail across 354 extant and + 37 extinct avian and non-avian dinosaurs. Comparative analyses reveal fundamental + differences in how skull shape evolved in birds and non-avian dinosaurs. We find + that the overall skull shape evolved faster in non-avian dinosaurs than in birds + across all regions of the cranium. In birds, the anterior rostrum is the most + rapidly evolving skull region, whereas more posterior regions-such as the + parietal, squamosal, and quadrate-exhibited high rates in non-avian dinosaurs. + These fast-evolving elements in dinosaurs are strongly associated with feeding + biomechanics, forming the jaw joint and supporting the jaw adductor muscles. + Rapid pulses of skull evolution coincide with changes to food acquisition + strategies and diets, as well as the proliferation of bony skull ornaments. In + contrast to the appendicular skeleton, which has been shown to evolve more + rapidly in birds, avian cranial morphology is characterised by a striking + deceleration in morphological evolution relative to non-avian dinosaurs. These + results may be due to the reorganisation of skull structure in birds-including + loss of a separate postorbital bone in adults and the emergence of new trade-offs + with development and neurosensory demands. Taken together, the remarkable cranial + shape diversity in birds was not a product of accelerated evolution from their + non-avian relatives, despite their frequent portrayal as an icon of adaptive + radiations. +FAU - Felice, Ryan N +AU - Felice RN +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9201-9213 +AD - Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, + University College London, London, United Kingdom. +AD - Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, + United Kingdom. +FAU - Watanabe, Akinobu +AU - Watanabe A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5057-4772 +AD - Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, + United Kingdom. +AD - Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic + Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, United States of America. +AD - Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, + United States of America. +FAU - Cuff, Andrew R +AU - Cuff AR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9509-4297 +AD - Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom. +FAU - Hanson, Michael +AU - Hanson M +AD - Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, + Connecticut, United States of America. +FAU - Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S +AU - Bhullar BS +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0838-8068 +AD - Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, + Connecticut, United States of America. +AD - Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, + United States of America. +FAU - Rayfield, Emily R +AU - Rayfield ER +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2618-750X +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. +FAU - Witmer, Lawrence M +AU - Witmer LM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7610-0118 +AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of + Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States of America. +FAU - Norell, Mark A +AU - Norell MA +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1084-5555 +AD - Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, + United States of America. +FAU - Goswami, Anjali +AU - Goswami A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9465-810X +AD - Life Sciences Department, Vertebrates Division, Natural History Museum, London, + United Kingdom. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20200818 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS Biol +JT - PLoS biology +JID - 101183755 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Biomechanical Phenomena +MH - Birds/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology +MH - Extinction, Biological +MH - Feeding Behavior/physiology +MH - Fossils/anatomy & histology +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Skull/*anatomy & histology/physiology +PMC - PMC7437466 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2020/08/19 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/09/18 06:00 +PMCR- 2020/08/18 +CRDT- 2020/08/19 06:00 +PHST- 2020/02/24 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2020/07/13 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2020/08/19 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2020/08/19 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/09/18 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2020/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PBIOLOGY-D-20-00462 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000801 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS Biol. 2020 Aug 18;18(8):e3000801. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000801. + eCollection 2020 Aug. + +PMID- 37706373 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20231102 +LR - 20231103 +IS - 0974-5181 (Electronic) +IS - 0971-9784 (Print) +IS - 0971-9784 (Linking) +VI - 26 +IP - 2 +DP - 2023 Apr-Jun +TI - Is cardiac surgery threatening to go the dinosaur way? +PG - 119-121 +LID - 10.4103/aca.aca_17_23 [doi] +FAU - Chakravarthy, Murali +AU - Chakravarthy M +AD - Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Critical Care and Pain Relief, Fortis + Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. +LA - eng +PT - Editorial +PL - India +TA - Ann Card Anaesth +JT - Annals of cardiac anaesthesia +JID - 9815987 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs +MH - *Cardiac Surgical Procedures +PMC - PMC10284475 +EDAT- 2023/09/14 06:42 +MHDA- 2023/09/14 06:43 +PMCR- 2023/04/01 +CRDT- 2023/09/14 05:52 +PHST- 2023/09/14 06:43 [medline] +PHST- 2023/09/14 06:42 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/09/14 05:52 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - AnnCardAnaesth_2023_26_2_119_373176 [pii] +AID - ACA-26-119 [pii] +AID - 10.4103/aca.aca_17_23 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Ann Card Anaesth. 2023 Apr-Jun;26(2):119-121. doi: 10.4103/aca.aca_17_23. + +PMID- 35289749 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220429 +LR - 20220429 +IS - 2050-084X (Electronic) +IS - 2050-084X (Linking) +VI - 11 +DP - 2022 Mar 15 +TI - A new early branching armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of southwestern + China. +LID - 10.7554/eLife.75248 [doi] +LID - e75248 +AB - The early evolutionary history of the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) is obscured + by their patchily distributed fossil record and by conflicting views on the + relationships of Early Jurassic taxa. Here, we describe an early diverging + thyreophoran from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Yunnan Province, + China, on the basis of an associated partial skeleton that includes skull, axial, + limb, and armor elements. It can be diagnosed as a new taxon based on numerous + cranial and postcranial autapomorphies and is further distinguished from all + other thyreophorans by a unique combination of character states. Although the + robust postcranium is similar to that of more deeply nested ankylosaurs and + stegosaurs, phylogenetic analysis recovers it as either the sister taxon of + Emausaurus or of the clade Scelidosaurus+ Eurypoda. This new taxon, Yuxisaurus + kopchicki, represents the first valid thyreophoran dinosaur to be described from + the Early Jurassic of Asia and confirms the rapid geographic spread and + diversification of the clade after its first appearance in the Hettangian. Its + heavy build and distinctive armor also hint at previously unrealized + morphological diversity early in the clade's history. +CI - © 2022, Yao et al. +FAU - Yao, Xi +AU - Yao X +AD - Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. +FAU - Barrett, Paul M +AU - Barrett PM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0412-3000 +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. +FAU - Yang, Lei +AU - Yang L +AD - Yimen Administration of Cultural Heritage, Yimen, China. +FAU - Xu, Xing +AU - Xu X +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4786-9948 +AD - Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. +AD - Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of + Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, + Beijing, China. +AD - Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. +FAU - Bi, Shundong +AU - Bi S +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0620-187X +AD - Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. +AD - Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United + States. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20220315 +PL - England +TA - Elife +JT - eLife +JID - 101579614 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - China +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Skull/anatomy & histology +PMC - PMC8929930 +OAB - From the plated Stegosaurus to the tank-like Ankylosaurus, armoured dinosaurs are + some of the most extraordinary creatures to have roamed the earth. Fossils from + this group are abundant from the Late Jurassic period, 155 million years ago, up + until the end of the age of the dinosaurs. However, only a few fossils exist from + the early part of the Jurassic, making it difficult to understand how these + fantastic beasts came to be. More early fossils could help to fill in gaps about + armoured dinosaur biology and evolution. Yao et al. describe the anatomy of a new + armoured dinosaur, baptized Yuxisaurus, which was found in rocks of Early + Jurassic age in southwestern China. Covered in sharp spines, this medium-sized + animal was much sturdier and stockier than its immediate relatives, suggesting + that the ancestors of Stegosaurus and Ankylosaurus had a wider variety of body + forms than once thought. Its presence in China also shows that armoured dinosaurs + spread across the world early in their history. Yuxisaurus could help researchers + to understand how million years of evolution produced the armoured species we are + more familiar with today. As more fossils may emerge from the rocks of + southwestern China, it could become possible to further piece together early + dinosaur evolution. +OABL- eng +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Ankylosauromorpha +OT - Thyreophora +OT - armoured dinosaur +OT - ecology +OT - evolutionary biology +COIS- XY, PB, LY, XX, SB No competing interests declared +EDAT- 2022/03/16 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/04/30 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/03/15 +CRDT- 2022/03/15 12:20 +PHST- 2021/11/03 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/02/02 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/03/16 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/04/30 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/03/15 12:20 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 75248 [pii] +AID - 10.7554/eLife.75248 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Elife. 2022 Mar 15;11:e75248. doi: 10.7554/eLife.75248. + +PMID- 31995575 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200406 +LR - 20200408 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 15 +IP - 1 +DP - 2020 +TI - Tracking the Pliensbachian-Toarcian Karoo firewalkers: Trackways of quadruped and + biped dinosaurs and mammaliaforms. +PG - e0226847 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0226847 [doi] +LID - e0226847 +AB - The Karoo igneous rocks represent one of the largest continental flood basalt + events (by volume) on Earth, and are not normally associated with fossils + remains. However, these Pliensbachian-Toarcian lava flows contain sandstone + interbeds that are particularly common in the lower part of the volcanic + succession and are occasionally fossiliferous. On a sandstone interbed in the + northern main Karoo Basin, we discovered twenty-five tridactyl and tetradactyl + vertebrate tracks comprising five trackways. The tracks are preserved among + desiccation cracks and low-amplitude, asymmetrical ripple marks, implying + deposition in low energy, shallow, ephemeral water currents. Based on footprint + lengths of 2-14 cm and trackway patterns, the trackmakers were both bipedal and + quadrupedal animals of assorted sizes with walking and running gaits. We describe + the larger tridactyl tracks as "grallatorid" and attribute them to bipedal + theropod dinosaurs, like Coelophysis, a genus common in the Early Jurassic of + southern Africa. The smallest tracks are tentatively interpreted as + Brasilichnium-like tracks, which are linked to synapsid trackmakers, a common + attribution of similar tracks from the Lower to Middle Jurassic record of + southern and southwestern Gondwana. The trackway of an intermediate-sized + quadruped reveals strong similarities in morphometric parameters to a post-Karoo + Zimbabwean trackway from Chewore. These trackways are classified here as a new + ichnogenus attributable to small ornithischian dinosaurs as yet without a body + fossil record in southern Africa. These tracks not only suggest that dinosaurs + and therapsids survived the onset of the Drakensberg volcanism, but also that + theropods, ornithischians and synapsids were among the last vertebrates that + inhabited the main Karoo Basin some 183 Ma ago. Although these vertebrates + survived the first Karoo volcanic eruptions, their rapidly dwindling habitat was + turned into a land of fire as it was covered by the outpouring lavas during one + of the most dramatic geological episodes in southern Africa. +FAU - Bordy, Emese M +AU - Bordy EM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4699-0823 +AD - Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South + Africa. +FAU - Rampersadh, Akhil +AU - Rampersadh A +AD - Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South + Africa. +FAU - Abrahams, Miengah +AU - Abrahams M +AD - Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South + Africa. +FAU - Lockley, Martin G +AU - Lockley MG +AD - Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United + States of America. +FAU - Head, Howard V +AU - Head HV +AD - Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South + Africa. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20200129 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Africa, Southern +MH - Animals +MH - Body Size +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology +MH - Fossils +MH - Gait +MH - Mammals/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology +MH - Volcanic Eruptions +PMC - PMC6988920 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2020/01/30 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:00 +PMCR- 2020/01/29 +CRDT- 2020/01/30 06:00 +PHST- 2019/08/05 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/12/05 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2020/01/30 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2020/01/30 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2020/01/29 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-19-22082 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0226847 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2020 Jan 29;15(1):e0226847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226847. + eCollection 2020. + +PMID- 31123302 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20201029 +LR - 20210109 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 9 +IP - 1 +DP - 2019 May 23 +TI - Inter-amphibian predation in the Early Cretaceous of China. +PG - 7751 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44247-7 [doi] +LID - 7751 +AB - For most fossil taxa, dietary inference relies primarily on indirect evidence + from jaw morphology and the dentition. In rare cases, however, preserved gut + contents provide direct evidence of feeding strategy and species interaction. + This is important in the reconstruction of food webs and energy flow through + ancient ecosystems. The Early Cretaceous Chinese Jehol Biota has yielded several + such examples, with lizards, birds, small dinosaurs, and mammals as both predator + and prey. Here we describe an Early Cretaceous fossil frog specimen, genus + Genibatrachus, that contains an adult salamander within its body cavity. The + salamander is attributed to the hynobiid-like genus Nuominerpeton. The salamander + skeleton is complete and articulated, suggesting it was caught and swallowed + shortly before the frog itself died and was buried. +FAU - Xing, Lida +AU - Xing L +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3923-9206 +AD - State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of + Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. +AD - School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, + Beijing, 100083, China. +FAU - Niu, Kecheng +AU - Niu K +AD - Yingliang Stone Nature History Museum, Nan'an, 362300, China. +FAU - Evans, Susan E +AU - Evans SE +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0799-4154 +AD - Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower + Street, London, WC1E 6BT, England. ucgasue@ucl.ac.uk. +LA - eng +PT - Historical Article +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20190523 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Amphibians/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Birds/anatomy & histology +MH - China +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Ecosystem +MH - Feeding Behavior +MH - Food Chain +MH - Fossils +MH - History, Ancient +MH - Mammals/anatomy & histology +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Predatory Behavior +MH - Skeleton +PMC - PMC6533365 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2019/05/28 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/10/30 06:00 +PMCR- 2019/05/23 +CRDT- 2019/05/25 06:00 +PHST- 2019/02/20 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/05/13 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/05/25 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/05/28 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/10/30 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/05/23 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44247-7 [pii] +AID - 44247 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-44247-7 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2019 May 23;9(1):7751. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44247-7. + +PMID- 24205267 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20140807 +LR - 20240319 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 8 +IP - 10 +DP - 2013 +TI - An evolutionary cascade model for sauropod dinosaur gigantism--overview, update + and tests. +PG - e78573 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0078573 [doi] +LID - e78573 +AB - Sauropod dinosaurs are a group of herbivorous dinosaurs which exceeded all other + terrestrial vertebrates in mean and maximal body size. Sauropod dinosaurs were + also the most successful and long-lived herbivorous tetrapod clade, but no + abiological factors such as global environmental parameters conducive to their + gigantism can be identified. These facts justify major efforts by evolutionary + biologists and paleontologists to understand sauropods as living animals and to + explain their evolutionary success and uniquely gigantic body size. Contributions + to this research program have come from many fields and can be synthesized into a + biological evolutionary cascade model of sauropod dinosaur gigantism (sauropod + gigantism ECM). This review focuses on the sauropod gigantism ECM, providing an + updated version based on the contributions to the PLoS ONE sauropod gigantism + collection and on other very recent published evidence. The model consist of five + separate evolutionary cascades ("Reproduction", "Feeding", "Head and neck", + "Avian-style lung", and "Metabolism"). Each cascade starts with observed or + inferred basal traits that either may be plesiomorphic or derived at the level of + Sauropoda. Each trait confers hypothetical selective advantages which permit the + evolution of the next trait. Feedback loops in the ECM consist of selective + advantages originating from traits higher in the cascades but affecting lower + traits. All cascades end in the trait "Very high body mass". Each cascade is + linked to at least one other cascade. Important plesiomorphic traits of sauropod + dinosaurs that entered the model were ovipary as well as no mastication of food. + Important evolutionary innovations (derived traits) were an avian-style + respiratory system and an elevated basal metabolic rate. Comparison with other + tetrapod lineages identifies factors limiting body size. +FAU - Sander, P Martin +AU - Sander PM +AD - Steinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, University of Bonn, + Bonn, Germany. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Review +DEP - 20131030 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Body Size +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology +MH - *Evolution, Molecular +MH - Extinction, Biological +MH - Humans +MH - *Models, Biological +PMC - PMC3812984 +COIS- Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2013/11/10 06:00 +MHDA- 2014/08/08 06:00 +PMCR- 2013/10/30 +CRDT- 2013/11/09 06:00 +PHST- 2013/06/06 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2013/09/20 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2013/11/09 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2013/11/10 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2014/08/08 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2013/10/30 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-13-24408 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0078573 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2013 Oct 30;8(10):e78573. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078573. + eCollection 2013. + +PMID- 37400509 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230705 +LR - 20230706 +IS - 2399-3642 (Electronic) +IS - 2399-3642 (Linking) +VI - 6 +IP - 1 +DP - 2023 Jul 3 +TI - Rarity of molt evidence in early pennaraptoran dinosaurs suggests annual molt + evolved later among Neornithes. +PG - 687 +LID - 10.1038/s42003-023-05048-x [doi] +LID - 687 +AB - Feathers are a primitive trait among pennaraptoran dinosaurs, which today are + represented by crown birds (Neornithes), the only clade of dinosaurs to survive + the end Cretaceous mass extinction. Feathers are central to many important + functions and therefore, maintaining plumage function is of great importance for + survival. Thus, molt - by which new feathers are formed to replace old ones, is + an essential process. Our limited knowledge regarding molt in early pennaraptoran + evolution is based largely on a single Microraptor specimen. A survey of 92 + feathered non-avian dinosaur and stem bird fossils did not find additional + molting evidence. Due to its longer duration, in ornithological collections + evidence of molt is found more frequently in extant bird species with sequential + molts compared to those with more rapid simultaneous molts. The low frequency of + molt occurrence among fossil specimens resembles collections of bird species with + simultaneous molts. The dearth of molt evidence in the forelimbs of pennaraptoran + specimens may have interesting implications regarding molt strategy during early + avian evolution, and suggests that the yearly molting cycle may have evolved + later, among crown birds. +CI - © 2023. The Author(s). +FAU - Kiat, Yosef +AU - Kiat Y +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3485-3517 +AD - Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S + DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA. yosefkiat@gmail.com. +FAU - O'Connor, Jingmai Kathleen +AU - O'Connor JK +AD - Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S + DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Review +DEP - 20230703 +PL - England +TA - Commun Biol +JT - Communications biology +JID - 101719179 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Molting +MH - Fossils +MH - Wings, Animal +MH - Birds +PMC - PMC10317961 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/07/04 01:05 +MHDA- 2023/07/05 06:42 +PMCR- 2023/07/03 +CRDT- 2023/07/03 23:19 +PHST- 2023/02/14 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2023/06/15 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/07/05 06:42 [medline] +PHST- 2023/07/04 01:05 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/07/03 23:19 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/07/03 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-023-05048-x [pii] +AID - 5048 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-023-05048-x [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Commun Biol. 2023 Jul 3;6(1):687. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05048-x. + +PMID- 37777554 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20231004 +LR - 20231120 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 13 +IP - 1 +DP - 2023 Sep 30 +TI - First terror bird footprints reveal functionally didactyl posture. +PG - 16474 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x [doi] +LID - 16474 +AB - Terror birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) comprise the most outstanding group of South + American Cenozoic avifauna, and have been considered dominant predators. + Terrestrial habits were inferred using the reduction of their forelimbs and high + body mass. Phorusrhacids were considered functionally tridactyl with three + relatively short digits II-IV and a small, elevated digit I. The function of the + ungual phalanges of digit II have been debated, including the utility of the + ungual for retention or stabbing of prey. Incomplete or lack of preservation of + foot bones have hampered understanding of the evolution and diversification of + Phorusrhacidae. Here we show the first known and well-preserved footprints of + Phorusrhacidae with a didactyl posture, which are named Rionegrina pozosaladensis + igen. et isp. nov. These footprints yield unprecedented information on the + locomotor habits of the group. The finding implies that medium-sized, Late + Miocene (~ 8 Ma) phorusrhacids developed strong cursorial adaptations; achieved + through reduction of digit II, raised metatarso-phalangeal pad, main body support + in a large and thick digit III, and digit IV as outrigger. Raised and long claw + of digit II was probably used in pining of prey. Phorusrhacid footprints differ + from the Early Cretaceous didactyl footprints of deinonychosaurian dinosaur + affinity by its larger size and strong mesaxony. +CI - © 2023. Springer Nature Limited. +FAU - Melchor, Ricardo N +AU - Melchor RN +AD - Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y + Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. rmelchor@exactas.unlpam.edu.ar. +AD - Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. + rmelchor@exactas.unlpam.edu.ar. +FAU - Feola, Silverio F +AU - Feola SF +AD - Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y + Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. +AD - Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, + Bahía Blanca, Argentina. +FAU - Cardonatto, M Cristina +AU - Cardonatto MC +AD - Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. +FAU - Espinoza, Nahuel +AU - Espinoza N +AD - Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y + Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. +FAU - Rojas-Manriquez, Manuel A +AU - Rojas-Manriquez MA +AD - Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Universidad + Nacional de La Pampa and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y + Técnicas, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. +FAU - Herazo, Lorena +AU - Herazo L +AD - LA. TE. Andes S.A., Las Moreras 510, Vaqueros, Salta, Argentina. +LA - eng +SI - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.23749107 +SI - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.23749260 +SI - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.23751186 +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20230930 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Fossils +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Birds +MH - Forelimb +MH - Posture +MH - Biological Evolution +PMC - PMC10542783 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/10/01 04:44 +MHDA- 2023/10/04 06:44 +PMCR- 2023/09/30 +CRDT- 2023/09/30 23:19 +PHST- 2023/08/11 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2023/09/28 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/10/04 06:44 [medline] +PHST- 2023/10/01 04:44 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/09/30 23:19 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x [pii] +AID - 43771 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 30;13(1):16474. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x. + +PMID- 28195584 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20181113 +LR - 20181113 +IS - 2041-1723 (Electronic) +IS - 2041-1723 (Linking) +VI - 8 +DP - 2017 Feb 14 +TI - Live birth in an archosauromorph reptile. +PG - 14445 +LID - 10.1038/ncomms14445 [doi] +LID - 14445 +AB - Live birth has evolved many times independently in vertebrates, such as mammals + and diverse groups of lizards and snakes. However, live birth is unknown in the + major clade Archosauromorpha, a group that first evolved some 260 million years + ago and is represented today by birds and crocodilians. Here we report the + discovery of a pregnant long-necked marine reptile (Dinocephalosaurus) from the + Middle Triassic (∼245 million years ago) of southwest China showing live birth in + archosauromorphs. Our discovery pushes back evidence of reproductive biology in + the clade by roughly 50 million years, and shows that there is no fundamental + reason that archosauromorphs could not achieve live birth. Our phylogenetic + models indicate that Dinocephalosaurus determined the sex of their offspring by + sex chromosomes rather than by environmental temperature like crocodilians. Our + results provide crucial evidence for genotypic sex determination facilitating + land-water transitions in amniotes. +FAU - Liu, Jun +AU - Liu J +AD - School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of + Technology, Hefei 230009, China. +AD - Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China. +AD - State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of + Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China. +FAU - Organ, Chris L +AU - Organ CL +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, + USA. +FAU - Benton, Michael J +AU - Benton MJ +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. +FAU - Brandley, Matthew C +AU - Brandley MC +AD - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New + South Wales 2006, Australia. +FAU - Aitchison, Jonathan C +AU - Aitchison JC +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3659-5849 +AD - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, + Queensland 4072, Australia. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20170214 +PL - England +TA - Nat Commun +JT - Nature communications +JID - 101528555 +SB - IM +CIN - Nature. 2018 Jan;553(7688):S15. doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-00541-4. PMID: 30914804 +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - China +MH - Dinosaurs/classification/*genetics/*physiology +MH - Female +MH - Fossils +MH - *Live Birth +MH - Marine Biology +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Pregnancy +MH - Reptiles/classification/*genetics/*physiology +MH - Sex +MH - Sex Chromosomes +MH - Sex Determination Processes +MH - Temperature +PMC - PMC5316873 +COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interests. +EDAT- 2017/02/15 06:00 +MHDA- 2018/11/14 06:00 +PMCR- 2017/02/14 +CRDT- 2017/02/15 06:00 +PHST- 2016/09/08 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2016/12/30 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2017/02/15 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2017/02/15 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2018/11/14 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2017/02/14 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - ncomms14445 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/ncomms14445 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 14;8:14445. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14445. + +PMID- 36260601 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20221021 +LR - 20221022 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 17 +IP - 10 +DP - 2022 +TI - Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of + North America. +PG - e0266648 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0266648 [doi] +LID - e0266648 +AB - Reconstructing the evolution, diversity, and paleobiogeography of North America's + Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages require spatiotemporally contiguous data; + however, there remains a spatial and temporal disparity in dinosaur data on the + continent. The rarity of vertebrate-bearing sedimentary deposits representing + Turonian-Santonian ecosystems, and the relatively sparse record of dinosaurs from + the eastern portion of the continent, present persistent challenges for studies + of North American dinosaur evolution. Here we describe an assemblage of + ornithomimosaurian materials from the Santonian Eutaw Formation of Mississippi. + Morphological data coupled with osteohistological growth markers suggest the + presence of two taxa of different body sizes, including one of the largest + ornithomimosaurians known worldwide. The regression predicts a femoral + circumference and a body mass of the Eutaw individuals similar to or greater than + that of large-bodied ornithomimosaurs, Beishanlong grandis, and Gallimimus + bullatus. The paleoosteohistology of MMNS VP-6332 demonstrates that the + individual was at least ten years of age (similar to B. grandis [~375 kg, 13-14 + years old at death]). Additional pedal elements share some intriguing features + with ornithomimosaurs, yet suggest a larger-body size closer to Deinocheirus + mirificus. The presence of a large-bodied ornithomimosaur in this region during + this time is consistent with the relatively recent discoveries of + early-diverging, large-bodied ornithomimosaurs from mid-Cretaceous strata of + Laurasia (Arkansaurus fridayi and B. grandis). The smaller Eutaw taxon is + represented by a tibia preserving seven growth cycles, with osteohistological + indicators of decreasing growth, yet belongs to an individual approaching somatic + maturity, suggesting the co-existence of medium- and large-bodied ornithomimosaur + taxa during the Late Cretaceous Santonian of North America. The Eutaw + ornithomimosaur materials provide key information on the diversity and + distribution of North American ornithomimosaurs and Appalachian dinosaurs and fit + with broader evidence of multiple cohabiting species of ornithomimosaurian + dinosaurs in Late Cretaceous ecosystems of Laurasia. +FAU - Tsogtbaatar, Chinzorig +AU - Tsogtbaatar C +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5231-0113 +AD - Paleontology Research Lab, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, + North Carolina, United States of America. +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, + North Carolina, United States of America. +AD - Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. +FAU - Cullen, Thomas +AU - Cullen T +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4261-1323 +AD - Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. +FAU - Phillips, George +AU - Phillips G +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2173-8544 +AD - Conservation & Biodiversity Section, Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, + Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America. +FAU - Rolke, Richard +AU - Rolke R +AD - Dow Chemical Company, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America. +FAU - Zanno, Lindsay E +AU - Zanno LE +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1654-1990 +AD - Paleontology Research Lab, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, + North Carolina, United States of America. +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, + North Carolina, United States of America. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20221019 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Fossils +MH - Ecosystem +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - North America +MH - *Grasshoppers +MH - Appalachian Region +PMC - PMC9581415 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2022/10/20 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/10/22 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/10/19 +CRDT- 2022/10/19 13:34 +PHST- 2022/03/23 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/08/12 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/10/19 13:34 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/10/20 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/10/22 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-22-08668 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0266648 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2022 Oct 19;17(10):e0266648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266648. + eCollection 2022. + +PMID- 35672741 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220609 +LR - 20220716 +IS - 1741-7007 (Electronic) +IS - 1741-7007 (Linking) +VI - 20 +IP - 1 +DP - 2022 Jun 7 +TI - Oldest preserved umbilical scar reveals dinosaurs had 'belly buttons'. +PG - 132 +LID - 10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9 [doi] +LID - 132 +AB - BACKGROUND: In egg-laying amniotes, the developing embryo is tethered to a number + of the extraembryonic membranes including the yolk sac and allantois that deliver + oxygen and nutrients and remove metabolic waste products throughout embryonic + development. Prior to, or soon after hatching, these membranes detach from the + animal leaving a temporary or permanent umbilical scar (umbilicus) equivalent to + the navel or 'belly button' in some placental mammals, including humans. Although + ubiquitous in modern mammals and reptiles (including birds), at least early in + their ontogeny, the umbilicus has not been identified in any pre-Cenozoic + amniote. RESULTS: We report the oldest preserved umbilicus in a fossil amniote + from a ~130-million-year-old early-branching ceratopsian dinosaur, + Psittacosaurus. Under laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), the umbilicus is + revealed as an elongate midline structure delimited by a row of paired scales on + the abdomen. The relatively late ontogenetic stage (close to sexual maturity) + estimated for the individual indicates that the umbilicus was probably retained + throughout life. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most extant reptiles and birds that lose + this scar within days to weeks after hatching, the umbilicus of Psittacosaurus + persisted at least until sexual maturity, similar to some lizards and + crocodylians with which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. This + discovery is the oldest record of an amniote umbilicus and the first in a + non-avian dinosaur. However, given the variability of this structure in extant + reptilian analogues, a persistent umbilical scar may not have been present in all + non-avian dinosaurs. +CI - © 2022. The Author(s). +FAU - Bell, Phil R +AU - Bell PR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5890-8183 +AD - School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, + NSW, Australia. pbell23@une.edu.au. +FAU - Hendrickx, Christophe +AU - Hendrickx C +AD - Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo, San Miguel + de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. +FAU - Pittman, Michael +AU - Pittman M +AD - School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong + SAR, China. mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk. +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK. + mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk. +AD - Foundation for Scientific Advancement, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA. + mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk. +FAU - Kaye, Thomas G +AU - Kaye TG +AD - Foundation for Scientific Advancement, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20220607 +PL - England +TA - BMC Biol +JT - BMC biology +JID - 101190720 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Birds +MH - Cicatrix +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Female +MH - Fossils +MH - *Lizards/anatomy & histology +MH - Mammals +MH - Placenta +MH - Pregnancy +MH - Umbilicus/anatomy & histology +PMC - PMC9172161 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Ceratopsia +OT - Cretaceous +OT - Development +OT - Mesozoic +OT - Psittacosaurus +OT - Umbilicus +COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/06/08 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/06/10 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/06/07 +CRDT- 2022/06/07 23:42 +PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/05/12 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/06/07 23:42 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/06/08 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/06/10 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9 [pii] +AID - 1329 [pii] +AID - 10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - BMC Biol. 2022 Jun 7;20(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12915-022-01329-9. + +PMID- 30753719 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200109 +LR - 20200309 +IS - 1076-836X (Electronic) +IS - 1063-5157 (Print) +IS - 1063-5157 (Linking) +VI - 68 +IP - 5 +DP - 2019 Sep 1 +TI - Fossils with Feathers and Philosophy of Science. +PG - 840-851 +LID - 10.1093/sysbio/syz010 [doi] +AB - The last half century of paleornithological research has transformed the way that + biologists perceive the evolutionary history of birds. This transformation has + been driven, since 1969, by a series of exciting fossil discoveries combined with + intense scientific debate over how best to interpret these discoveries. Ideally, + as evidence accrues and results accumulate, interpretive scientific agreement + forms. But this has not entirely happened in the debate over avian origins: the + accumulation of scientific evidence and analyses has had some effect, but not a + conclusive one, in terms of resolving the question of avian origins. Although the + majority of biologists have come to accept that birds are dinosaurs, there is + lingering and, in some quarters, strident opposition to this view. In order to + both understand the ongoing disagreement about avian origins and generate a + prediction about the future of the debate, here we use a revised model of + scientific practice to assess the current and historical state of play + surrounding the topic of bird evolutionary origins. Many scientists are familiar + with the metascientific scholars Sir Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn, and these are + the primary figures that have been appealed to so far, in prior attempts to + assess the dispute. But we demonstrate that a variation of Imre Lakatos's model + of progressive versus degenerative research programmes provides a novel and + productive assessment of the debate. We establish that a refurbished Lakatosian + account both explains the intractability of the dispute and predicts a likely + outcome for the debate about avian origins. In short, here, we offer a + metascientific tool for rationally assessing competing theories-one that allows + researchers involved in seemingly intractable scientific disputes to advance + their debates. +CI - © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the + Society of Systematic Biologists. +FAU - Havstad, Joyce C +AU - Havstad JC +AD - Department of Philosophy, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI + 48309, USA. +FAU - Smith, N Adam +AU - Smith NA +AD - Campbell Geology Museum, Clemson University, 140 Discovery Lane, Clemson SC + 29634, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PL - England +TA - Syst Biol +JT - Systematic biology +JID - 9302532 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Birds/classification +MH - Classification/*methods +MH - Dinosaurs/classification +MH - *Feathers +MH - *Fossils +MH - Models, Theoretical +MH - Science/trends +PMC - PMC6701454 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Aves +OT - Kuhn +OT - Lakatos +OT - Popper +OT - avian origins +OT - theropod hypothesis +EDAT- 2019/02/13 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/01/10 06:00 +PMCR- 2019/02/11 +CRDT- 2019/02/13 06:00 +PHST- 2018/02/08 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/02/05 00:00 [revised] +PHST- 2019/02/06 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/01/10 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 5315532 [pii] +AID - syz010 [pii] +AID - 10.1093/sysbio/syz010 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - Syst Biol. 2019 Sep 1;68(5):840-851. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syz010. + +PMID- 36163377 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220928 +LR - 20221125 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 12 +IP - 1 +DP - 2022 Sep 26 +TI - Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western + Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology. +PG - 16026 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w [doi] +LID - 16026 +AB - The spectacular fossil fauna and flora preserved in the Upper Cretaceous + terrestrial strata of North America's Western Interior Basin record an + exceptional peak in the diversification of fossil vertebrates in the Campanian, + which has been termed the 'zenith of dinosaur diversity'. The wide latitudinal + distribution of rocks and fossils that represent this episode, spanning from + northern Mexico to the northern slopes of Alaska, provides a unique opportunity + to gain insights into dinosaur paleoecology and to address outstanding questions + regarding faunal provinciality in connection to paleogeography and climate. + Whereas reliable basin-wide correlations are fundamental to investigations of + this sort, three decades of radioisotope geochronology of various vintages and + limited compatibility has complicated correlation of distant fossil-bearing + successions and given rise to contradictory paleobiogeographic and evolutionary + hypotheses. Here we present new U-Pb geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS method for + 16 stratigraphically well constrained bentonite beds, ranging in age from + 82.419 ± 0.074 Ma to 73.496 ± 0.039 Ma (2σ internal uncertainties), and the + resulting Bayesian age models for six key fossil-bearing formations over a + 1600 km latitudinal distance from northwest New Mexico, USA to southern Alberta, + Canada. Our high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework for the upper Campanian + of the Western Interior Basin reveals that despite their contrasting depositional + settings and basin evolution histories, significant age overlap exists between + the main fossil-bearing intervals of the Kaiparowits Formation (southern Utah), + Judith River Formation (central Montana), Two Medicine Formation (western + Montana) and Dinosaur Park Formation (southern Alberta). Pending more extensive + paleontologic collecting that would allow more rigorous faunal analyses, our + results support a first-order connection between paleoecologic and fossil + diversities and help overcome the chronostratigraphic ambiguities that have + impeded the testing of proposed models of latitudinal provinciality of dinosaur + taxa during the Campanian. +CI - © 2022. The Author(s). +FAU - Ramezani, Jahandar +AU - Ramezani J +AD - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute + of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. ramezani@mit.edu. +FAU - Beveridge, Tegan L +AU - Beveridge TL +AD - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, + Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. +FAU - Rogers, Raymond R +AU - Rogers RR +AD - Geology Department, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA. +FAU - Eberth, David A +AU - Eberth DA +AD - Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, AB, T0J 0Y0, Canada. +FAU - Roberts, Eric M +AU - Roberts EM +AD - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, + Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20220926 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +RN - 1302-78-9 (Bentonite) +RN - 2P299V784P (Lead) +SB - IM +MH - Alberta +MH - Animals +MH - Bayes Theorem +MH - Bentonite +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils +MH - Lead +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC9512893 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/09/28 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/10/01 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/09/26 +CRDT- 2022/09/27 00:00 +PHST- 2022/06/19 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/09/06 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/09/27 00:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/09/28 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/10/01 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/09/26 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w [pii] +AID - 19896 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 26;12(1):16026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w. + +PMID- 31774829 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200402 +LR - 20200402 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 14 +IP - 11 +DP - 2019 +TI - Evolution of high tooth replacement rates in theropod dinosaurs. +PG - e0224734 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0224734 [doi] +LID - e0224734 +AB - Tooth replacement rate is an important contributor to feeding ecology for + polyphyodont animals. Dinosaurs exhibit a wide range of tooth replacement rates, + mirroring their diverse craniofacial specializations, but little is known about + broad-scale allometric or evolutionary patterns within the group. In the current + broad but sparse dinosaurian sample, only three non-avian theropod tooth + replacement rates have been estimated. We estimated tooth formation and + replacement rates in three additional non-avian theropod dinosaurs, the derived + latest Cretaceous abelisaurid Majungasaurus and the more generalized Late + Jurassic Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus. We created the largest dental histological + and CT dataset for any theropod dinosaur, sectioning and scanning over a dozen + toothed elements of Majungasaurus and several additional elements from the other + two genera. Using this large sample, we created models of tooth formation time + that allow for theropod replacement rates to be estimated non-destructively. In + contrast to previous results for theropods, we found high tooth replacement rates + in all three genera, with Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus rates of ~100 days and 56 + days for Majungasaurus. The latter rate is on par with those of derived + herbivorous dinosaurs including some neosauropods, hadrosaurids, and + ceratopsians. This elevated rate may be a response to high rates of tooth wear in + Majungasaurus. Within Dinosauria, there is no relationship between body mass and + tooth replacement rate and no trends in replacement rate over time. Rather, tooth + replacement rate is clade-specific, with elevated rates in abelisaurids and + diplodocoids and lower rates in coelurosaurs. +FAU - D'Emic, Michael D +AU - D'Emic MD +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6162-7005 +AD - Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States + of America. +AD - Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, + United States of America. +FAU - O'Connor, Patrick M +AU - O'Connor PM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6762-3806 +AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States + of America. +AD - Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Athens, Ohio, United States of + America. +FAU - Pascucci, Thomas R +AU - Pascucci TR +AD - Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States + of America. +FAU - Gavras, Joanna N +AU - Gavras JN +AD - Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States + of America. +FAU - Mardakhayava, Elizabeth +AU - Mardakhayava E +AD - Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States + of America. +FAU - Lund, Eric K +AU - Lund EK +AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States + of America. +AD - Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Athens, Ohio, United States of + America. +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, + Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20191127 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +EIN - PLoS One. 2019 Dec 26;14(12):e0226897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226897. PMID: + 31877186 +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Dinosaurs/*physiology +MH - *Fossils +MH - Herbivory/physiology +MH - Odontogenesis/*physiology +MH - Tooth/*growth & development +PMC - PMC6880968 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2019/11/28 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/04/03 06:00 +PMCR- 2019/11/27 +CRDT- 2019/11/28 06:00 +PHST- 2019/03/29 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/10/21 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/11/28 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/11/28 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/04/03 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-19-09017 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0224734 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224734. + eCollection 2019. + +PMID- 30872623 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200928 +LR - 20240715 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 9 +IP - 1 +DP - 2019 Mar 14 +TI - Structure and evolutionary implications of the earliest (Sinemurian, Early + Jurassic) dinosaur eggs and eggshells. +PG - 4424 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-019-40604-8 [doi] +LID - 4424 +AB - One of the fossil record's most puzzling features is the absence of preserved + eggs or eggshell for the first third of the known 315 million year history of + amniote evolution. Our meagre understanding of the origin and evolution of + calcareous eggshell and amniotic eggs in general, is largely based on Middle + Jurassic to Late Cretaceous fossils. For dinosaurs, the most parsimonious + inference yields a thick, hard shelled egg, so richly represented in the Late + Cretaceous fossil record. Here, we show that a thin calcareous layer (≤100 µm) + with interlocking units of radiating crystals (mammillae) and a thick shell + membrane already characterize the oldest known amniote eggs, belonging to three + coeval, but widely distributed Early Jurassic basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs. + This thin shell layer strongly contrasts with the considerably thicker calcareous + shells of Late Jurassic dinosaurs. Phylogenetic analyses and their Sinemurian age + indicate that the thin eggshell of basal sauropodomorphs represents a major + evolutionary innovation at the base of Dinosauria and that the much thicker + eggshell of sauropods, theropods, and ornithischian dinosaurs evolved + independently. Advanced mineralization of amniote eggshell (≥150 µm in thickness) + in general occurred not earlier than Middle Jurassic and may correspond with a + global trend of increase in atmospheric oxygen. +FAU - Stein, Koen +AU - Stein K +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4246-3225 +AD - Earth System Science - AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, + Brussels, Belgium. kstein@vub.be. +AD - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Directorate 'Earth and History of + Life', Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium. kstein@vub.be. +FAU - Prondvai, Edina +AU - Prondvai E +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1284-8311 +AD - Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat + 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium. +AD - MTA-ELTE Lendület Dinosaur Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. + s. 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary. +FAU - Huang, Timothy +AU - Huang T +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5381-2596 +AD - International Center of Future Science, and Dinosaur Evolution Research Center of + Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. +AD - National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. +FAU - Baele, Jean-Marc +AU - Baele JM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8709-6249 +AD - Department of Geology and Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering, University of + Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium. +FAU - Sander, P Martin +AU - Sander PM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4981-4307 +AD - Steinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, Division of + Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany. +AD - Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Dinosaur Institute, 900 Exposition + Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. +FAU - Reisz, Robert +AU - Reisz R +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7454-1649 +AD - International Center of Future Science, and Dinosaur Evolution Research Center of + Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. robert.reisz@utoronto.ca. +AD - National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. robert.reisz@utoronto.ca. +AD - Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, + L5L 1C6, Canada. robert.reisz@utoronto.ca. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20190314 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology +MH - Egg Shell/*anatomy & histology +MH - Eggs/*analysis +MH - Fossils +MH - *Phylogeny +PMC - PMC6418122 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2019/03/16 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/09/29 06:00 +PMCR- 2019/03/14 +CRDT- 2019/03/16 06:00 +PHST- 2018/09/18 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/02/14 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/03/16 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/03/16 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/09/29 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/03/14 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-40604-8 [pii] +AID - 40604 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-40604-8 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 14;9(1):4424. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40604-8. + +PMID- 28515439 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20181218 +LR - 20220408 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 7 +IP - 1 +DP - 2017 May 17 +TI - The Biomechanics Behind Extreme Osteophagy in Tyrannosaurus rex. +PG - 2012 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w [doi] +LID - 2012 +AB - Most carnivorous mammals can pulverize skeletal elements by generating tooth + pressures between occluding teeth that exceed cortical bone shear strength, + thereby permitting access to marrow and phosphatic salts. Conversely, carnivorous + reptiles have non-occluding dentitions that engender negligible bone damage + during feeding. As a result, most reptilian predators can only consume bones in + their entirety. Nevertheless, North American tyrannosaurids, including the giant + (13 metres [m]) theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex stand out for habitually + biting deeply into bones, pulverizing and digesting them. How this mammal-like + capacity was possible, absent dental occlusion, is unknown. Here we analyzed T. + rex feeding behaviour from trace evidence, estimated bite forces and tooth + pressures, and studied tooth-bone contacts to provide the answer. We show that + bone pulverization was made possible through a combination of: (1) prodigious + bite forces (8,526-34,522 newtons [N]) and tooth pressures (718-2,974 megapascals + [MPa]) promoting crack propagation in bones, (2) tooth form and dental arcade + configurations that concentrated shear stresses, and (3) repetitive, localized + biting. Collectively, these capacities and behaviors allowed T. rex to finely + fragment bones and more fully exploit large dinosaur carcasses for sustenance + relative to competing carnivores. +FAU - Gignac, Paul M +AU - Gignac PM +AD - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for + Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74107-1898, USA. paul.gignac@okstate.edu. +FAU - Erickson, Gregory M +AU - Erickson GM +AD - Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, + 32306-4295, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20170517 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biomechanical Phenomena +MH - Bite Force +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/*physiology +MH - Fossils +MH - Imaging, Three-Dimensional +MH - Models, Anatomic +MH - Tomography, X-Ray Computed +PMC - PMC5435714 +COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. +EDAT- 2017/05/19 06:00 +MHDA- 2018/12/19 06:00 +PMCR- 2017/05/17 +CRDT- 2017/05/19 06:00 +PHST- 2016/11/25 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2017/04/07 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2017/05/19 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2018/12/19 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2017/05/17 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w [pii] +AID - 2161 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2017 May 17;7(1):2012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w. + +PMID- 36778140 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230214 +LR - 20230427 +IS - 2167-8359 (Electronic) +IS - 2167-8359 (Linking) +VI - 11 +DP - 2023 +TI - Non-avian theropod phalanges from the marine Fox Hills Formation (Maastrichtian), + western South Dakota, USA. +PG - e14665 +LID - 10.7717/peerj.14665 [doi] +LID - e14665 +AB - We report here the first dinosaur skeletal material described from the marine Fox + Hills Formation (Maastrichtian) of western South Dakota. The find consists of two + theropod pedal phalanges: one recovered from the middle part of the Fairpoint + Member in Meade County, South Dakota; and the other from the Iron Lightning + Member in Ziebach County, South Dakota. Comparison with pedal phalanges of other + theropods suggests strongly that the Fairpoint specimen is a right pedal phalanx, + possibly III-2, from a large ornithomimid. The Iron Lightning specimen we + cautiously identify as an ornithomimid left pedal phalanx II-2. The Fairpoint + bone comes from thinly bedded and cross-bedded marine sandstones containing large + hematitic concretions and concretionary horizons. Associated fossils include + osteichthyan teeth, fin spines and otoliths, and abundant teeth of common + Cretaceous nearshore and pelagic chondrichthyans. Leaf impressions and other + plant debris, blocks of fossilized wood, and Ophiomorpha burrows are also common. + The Iron Lightning bone comes from a channel deposit composed of fine to coarse + sandstone beds, some of which contain bivalves, and a disseminated assemblage of + mammal teeth, chondrichthyan teeth, and fragmentary dinosaur teeth and claws. We + interpret the depositional environment of the two specimens as marginal marine. + The Fairpoint bone derives from a nearshore foreset setting, above wave base + subject to tidal flux and storm activity. The Iron Lightning specimen comes from + a topset channel infill probably related to deposition on a tidal flat or + associated coastal setting. The taphonomic history and ages of the two bones + differ. Orthogonal cracks in the cortical bone of the Fairpoint specimen suggest + post-mortem desiccation in a dryland coastal setting prior to transport and + preservation in the nearby nearshore setting described above. The pristine + surface of the Iron Lightning specimen indicates little transport before + incorporation into the channel deposit in which it was found. The Fairpoint bone + bed most probably lies within the Hoploscaphites nicolletii Ammonite Zone of the + early late Maastrichtian, and would therefore have an approximate age of 69 Ma. + The Iron Lightning bone is from the overlying H. nebrascensis Ammonite Zone, and + is thus about one million years younger. +CI - © 2023 Chamberlain, Jr et al. +FAU - Chamberlain, John A Jr +AU - Chamberlain JA Jr +AD - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, City + University of New York, Graduate School and University Center, New York City, New + York, United States. +AD - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, City University of New York, + Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States. +FAU - Knoll, Katja +AU - Knoll K +AD - Paria River District, US Bureau of Land Management, Kanab, Utah, United States. +FAU - J W Sertich, Joseph +AU - J W Sertich J +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8096-3605 +AD - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama. +AD - Department of Geosciences, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State + University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20230207 +PL - United States +TA - PeerJ +JT - PeerJ +JID - 101603425 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - South Dakota +MH - Bone and Bones +MH - Fossils +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - *Tooth +MH - Mammals +PMC - PMC9912944 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Fox Hills Formation +OT - Maastrichtian +OT - Marine preservation +OT - Non-avian theropod phalanges +OT - South Dakota, USA +COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/02/14 06:00 +MHDA- 2023/02/15 06:00 +PMCR- 2023/02/07 +CRDT- 2023/02/13 03:45 +PHST- 2022/04/11 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/12/09 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/02/13 03:45 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/02/14 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/02/15 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2023/02/07 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 14665 [pii] +AID - 10.7717/peerj.14665 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PeerJ. 2023 Feb 7;11:e14665. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14665. eCollection 2023. + +PMID- 26790003 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20160729 +LR - 20190222 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 11 +IP - 1 +DP - 2016 +TI - Nonplantigrade Foot Posture: A Constraint on Dinosaur Body Size. +PG - e0145716 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0145716 [doi] +LID - e0145716 +AB - Dinosaurs had functionally digitigrade or sub-unguligrade foot postures. With + their immediate ancestors, dinosaurs were the only terrestrial nonplantigrades + during the Mesozoic. Extant terrestrial mammals have different optimal body sizes + according to their foot posture (plantigrade, digitigrade, and unguligrade), yet + the relationship of nonplantigrade foot posture with dinosaur body size has never + been investigated, even though the body size of dinosaurs has been studied + intensively. According to a large dataset presented in this study, the body sizes + of all nonplantigrades (including nonvolant dinosaurs, nonvolant terrestrial + birds, extant mammals, and extinct Nearctic mammals) are above 500 g, except for + macroscelid mammals (i.e., elephant shrew), a few alvarezsauroid dinosaurs, and + nondinosaur ornithodirans (i.e., the immediate ancestors of dinosaurs). When + nonplantigrade tetrapods evolved from plantigrade ancestors, lineages with + nonplantigrade foot posture exhibited a steady increase in body size following + Cope's rule. In contrast, contemporaneous plantigrade lineages exhibited no trend + in body size evolution and were largely constrained to small body sizes. This + evolutionary pattern of body size specific to foot posture occurred repeatedly + during both the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic eras. Although disturbed by the + end-Cretaceous extinction, species of mid to large body size have predominantly + been nonplantigrade animals from the Jurassic until the present; conversely, + species with small body size have been exclusively composed of plantigrades in + the nonvolant terrestrial tetrapod fauna. +FAU - Kubo, Tai +AU - Kubo T +AD - The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. +FAU - Kubo, Mugino O +AU - Kubo MO +AD - Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier + Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20160120 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Body Size/*physiology +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology +MH - Foot/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Fossils/anatomy & histology +MH - Paleontology +MH - Posture/*physiology +MH - Species Specificity +PMC - PMC4720450 +COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2016/01/21 06:00 +MHDA- 2016/07/30 06:00 +PMCR- 2016/01/20 +CRDT- 2016/01/21 06:00 +PHST- 2015/03/17 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2015/12/08 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2016/01/21 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2016/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2016/07/30 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2016/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-15-11576 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0145716 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2016 Jan 20;11(1):e0145716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145716. + eCollection 2016. + +PMID- 30242170 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20191031 +LR - 20191031 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 8 +IP - 1 +DP - 2018 Sep 21 +TI - Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion. +PG - 14217 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x [doi] +LID - 14217 +AB - Birds have a highly specialized and efficient digestive system, but when this + system originated remains uncertain. Here we report six gastric pellets + attributable to the recently discovered 160-million-year-old troodontid dinosaur + Anchiornis, which is among the key taxa for understanding the transition to + birds. The gastric pellets contain lightly acid-etched lizard bones or fish + scales, and some are associated with Anchiornis skeletons or even situated within + the oesophagus. Anchiornis is the earliest and most basal theropod known to have + produced gastric pellets. In combination with other lines of evidence, the + pellets suggest that a digestive system resembling that of modern birds was + already present in basal members of the Paraves, a clade including troodontids, + dromaeosaurids, and birds, and that the evolution of modern avian digestion may + have been related to the appearance of aerial locomotion in this lineage. +FAU - Zheng, Xiaoting +AU - Zheng X +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. +AD - Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong, 273300, China. +FAU - Wang, Xiaoli +AU - Wang X +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. wang_7355@163.com. +FAU - Sullivan, Corwin +AU - Sullivan C +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G + 2E9, Canada. +AD - Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, Wembley, Alberta, T0H 3S0, Canada. +FAU - Zhang, Xiaomei +AU - Zhang X +AD - Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong, 273300, China. +FAU - Zhang, Fucheng +AU - Zhang F +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. +FAU - Wang, Yan +AU - Wang Y +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. +FAU - Li, Feng +AU - Li F +AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of + China. +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China. +FAU - Xu, Xing +AU - Xu X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China. xingxu@vip.sina.com. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20180921 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Birds/*anatomy & histology +MH - Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology +MH - Digestive System/anatomy & histology +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology +MH - Fishes/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils/*anatomy & histology +MH - Lizards/anatomy & histology +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC6155034 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2018/09/23 06:00 +MHDA- 2019/11/02 06:00 +PMCR- 2018/09/21 +CRDT- 2018/09/23 06:00 +PHST- 2017/07/21 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2018/05/15 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2018/09/23 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2018/09/23 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2019/11/02 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2018/09/21 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x [pii] +AID - 32202 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 21;8(1):14217. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32202-x. + +PMID- 34561538 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20211221 +LR - 20231107 +IS - 2399-3642 (Electronic) +IS - 2399-3642 (Linking) +VI - 4 +IP - 1 +DP - 2021 Sep 24 +TI - Nuclear preservation in the cartilage of the Jehol dinosaur Caudipteryx. +PG - 1125 +LID - 10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8 [doi] +LID - 1125 +AB - Previous findings on dinosaur cartilage material from the Late Cretaceous of + Montana suggested that cartilage is a vertebrate tissue with unique + characteristics that favor nuclear preservation. Here, we analyze additional + dinosaur cartilage in Caudipteryx (STM4-3) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota + of Northeast China. The cartilage fragment is highly diagenetically altered when + observed in ground-sections but shows exquisite preservation after + demineralization. It reveals transparent, alumino-silicified chondrocytes and + brown, ironized chondrocytes. The histochemical stain Hematoxylin and Eosin (that + stains the nucleus and cytoplasm in extant cells) was applied to both the + demineralized cartilage of Caudipteryx and that of a chicken. The two specimens + reacted identically, and one dinosaur chondrocyte revealed a nucleus with + fossilized threads of chromatin. This is the second example of fossilized + chromatin threads in a vertebrate material. These data show that some of the + original nuclear biochemistry is preserved in this dinosaur cartilage material + and further support the hypothesis that cartilage is very prone to nuclear + fossilization and a perfect candidate to further understand DNA preservation in + deep time. +CI - © 2021. The Author(s). +FAU - Zheng, Xiaoting +AU - Zheng X +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. +AD - Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong, 273300, China. +FAU - Bailleul, Alida M +AU - Bailleul AM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5199-4752 +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate + Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xizhimenwai dajie, Beijing, 100044, + China. alida.bailleul@ivpp.ac.cn. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China. + alida.bailleul@ivpp.ac.cn. +FAU - Li, Zhiheng +AU - Li Z +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate + Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xizhimenwai dajie, Beijing, 100044, + China. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China. +FAU - Wang, Xiaoli +AU - Wang X +AD - Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi City, Shandong, + 276005, China. +AD - Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature, Pingyi, Shandong, 273300, China. +FAU - Zhou, Zhonghe +AU - Zhou Z +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate + Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xizhimenwai dajie, Beijing, 100044, + China. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20210924 +PL - England +TA - Commun Biol +JT - Communications biology +JID - 101719179 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Cartilage/*cytology +MH - Cell Nucleus/*chemistry +MH - China +MH - *Dinosaurs +MH - *Fossils +PMC - PMC8463611 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2021/09/26 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/12/22 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/09/24 +CRDT- 2021/09/25 06:12 +PHST- 2021/04/21 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/08/31 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/09/25 06:12 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/09/26 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/12/22 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/09/24 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8 [pii] +AID - 2627 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Commun Biol. 2021 Sep 24;4(1):1125. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8. + +PMID- 36537069 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20221221 +LR - 20221222 +IS - 2050-084X (Electronic) +IS - 2050-084X (Linking) +VI - 11 +DP - 2022 Dec 20 +TI - Neurovascular anatomy of dwarf dinosaur implies precociality in sauropods. +LID - 10.7554/eLife.82190 [doi] +LID - e82190 +AB - Macronaria, a group of mostly colossal sauropod dinosaurs, comprised the largest + terrestrial vertebrates of Earth's history. However, some of the smallest + sauropods belong to this group as well. The Late Jurassic macronarian island + dwarf Europasaurus holgeri is one of the most peculiar and best-studied sauropods + worldwide. So far, the braincase material of this taxon from Germany pended + greater attention. With the aid of micro-computed tomography (microCT), we report + on the neuroanatomy of the nearly complete braincase of an adult individual, as + well as the inner ears (endosseous labyrinths) of one other adult and several + juveniles (the latter also containing novel vascular cavities). The presence of + large and morphologically adult inner ears in juvenile material suggests + precociality. Our findings add to the diversity of neurovascular anatomy in + sauropod braincases and buttress the perception of sauropods as fast-growing and + autonomous giants with manifold facets of reproductive and social behaviour. This + suggests that - apart from sheer size - little separated Europasaurus from its + large-bodied relatives. +CI - © 2022, Schade et al. +FAU - Schade, Marco +AU - Schade M +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1658-6854 +AD - University of Greifswald, Institute of Geography and Geology, Palaeontology and + Historical, Greifswald, Germany. +AD - University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and + Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany. +FAU - Knötschke, Nils +AU - Knötschke N +AD - Mineralientage, Oberhaching, Germany. +FAU - Hörnig, Marie K +AU - Hörnig MK +AD - University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and + Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany. +FAU - Paetzel, Carina +AU - Paetzel C +AD - University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and + Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany. +FAU - Stumpf, Sebastian +AU - Stumpf S +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1945-2387 +AD - University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20221220 +PL - England +TA - Elife +JT - eLife +JID - 101579614 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Phylogeny +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils +MH - X-Ray Microtomography +MH - Skull/anatomy & histology +MH - Biological Evolution +PMC - PMC9767461 +OAB - Dinosaurs, like all animals with spines, had their main sensory organs – the + organs that allowed them to listen, taste, see, smell, think and even keep their + balance – on their heads. This means that studying their fossilized skulls can + provide a wealth of information about how these animals perceived their + environment through so-called ‘endocasts’ (digital models of the cavities within + the skull). Endocasts of the skulls of many different dinosaur species already + exist, but a small species called Europasaurus holgeri had so far not received + this treatment. This sauropod lived in what is now northern Germany during the + Late Jurassic period (154 million years ago), and it owed its reduced size to + having become isolated on an island, where it became smaller after many + generations. Schade et al. wanted to gain a better understanding of certain + lifestyle aspects of the biology of E. holgeri, and to be able to compare the + endocast anatomy of this species to other dinosaurs. To do this, the team studied + the braincases of both very young and mature E. holgeri individuals using a + technique called computer tomography. The approach taken by Schade et al. allowed + them to examine and describe in detail the inner cavities that once contained the + brain, inner ears, nerves and blood supply of eight different E. holgeri + individuals. They found that the inner ears of small and young E. holgeri + individuals were almost as large as those of their adult counterparts, and very + similar in shape. Given that inner ears have roles in both audition and the sense + of equilibrium, this suggests that E. holgeri babies were able to leave their + nest very soon after hatching. This makes it likely that the babies of the + species were highly developed when they hatched, and could probably feed + themselves almost immediately, possibly similar to chickens. Furthermore, the + relatively large size of the part of the inner ear responsible for hearing hints + at E. holgeri being well able to communicate with other members of the species + using sound. The findings of Schade et al. add to the diversity of the record on + the anatomy of the braincases of dinosaurs. Additionally, the results support the + idea that sauropods may have been herd-living animals with social interactions + that grew very fast and had to be light on their feet very early in life. + Finally, comparing the endocasts of E. holgeri to those of other dinosaurs + suggests that, beyond a discrepancy in body size, this species was very similar + to its larger relatives on the Jurassic mainland. +OABL- eng +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Europasaurus holgeri +OT - Germany +OT - Jurassic +OT - braincase endocast +OT - dinosaur +OT - evolutionary biology +OT - fossil +OT - neuroscience +COIS- MS, MH, CP, SS No competing interests declared, NK Nils Knötschke is affiliated + with Mineralientage. The author has no financial interests to declare +EDAT- 2022/12/21 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/12/22 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/12/20 +CRDT- 2022/12/20 02:52 +PHST- 2022/07/26 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/11/11 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/12/20 02:52 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/12/21 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/12/22 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 82190 [pii] +AID - 10.7554/eLife.82190 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Elife. 2022 Dec 20;11:e82190. doi: 10.7554/eLife.82190. + +PMID- 34591927 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20211119 +LR - 20230921 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 16 +IP - 9 +DP - 2021 +TI - Postcranial osteology of Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (Theropoda: Therizinosauria). +PG - e0257913 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0257913 [doi] +LID - e0257913 +AB - Beipiaosaurus inexpectus, from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Sihetun + locality, near Beipiao), Liaoning, China, is a key taxon for understanding the + early evolution of therizinosaurians. Since initial publication in 1999, only the + cranial elements of this taxon have been described in detail. Here we present a + detailed description of the postcranial skeletal anatomy of the holotype specimen + of B. inexpectus, including two never before described dorsal vertebrae from the + anterior half of the series. Based on these observations, and comparisons with + the postcranial skeleton of therizinosaurian taxa named since the most recent + diagnosis, we revised the diagnostic features for B. inexpectus adding three new + possible autapomorphies (PII-3 shorter than PIII-4, subequal length of the pre- + and postacetabular portions of the ilium, and equidimensional pubic peduncle of + ilium). Additionally, we also propose three possible synapomorphies for more + inclusive taxa (Therizinosauroidea and Therizinosauridae) and discuss + implications for evolutionary trends within Therizinosauria. The newly acquired + data from the postcranial osteology of the holotype specimen of B. inexpectus + sheds light on our understanding of postcranial skeletal evolution and + identification of therizinosaurians. +FAU - Liao, Chun-Chi +AU - Liao CC +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9645-7245 +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. +AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. +FAU - Zanno, Lindsay E +AU - Zanno LE +AD - Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, + United States of America. +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, + North Carolina, United States of America. +FAU - Wang, Shiying +AU - Wang S +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. +AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. +FAU - Xu, Xing +AU - Xu X +AD - Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of + Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese + Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. +AD - CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20210930 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - China +MH - Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*classification +MH - Fossils/*anatomy & histology +MH - Osteology +MH - Spine/*anatomy & histology +PMC - PMC8483305 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2021/10/01 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/11/20 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/09/30 +CRDT- 2021/09/30 17:28 +PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/09/13 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/09/30 17:28 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/10/01 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/11/20 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-21-14221 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0257913 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2021 Sep 30;16(9):e0257913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257913. + eCollection 2021. + +PMID- 28935986 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20190627 +LR - 20190627 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 7 +IP - 1 +DP - 2017 Sep 21 +TI - Consumption of crustaceans by megaherbivorous dinosaurs: dietary flexibility and + dinosaur life history strategies. +PG - 11163 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-017-11538-w [doi] +LID - 11163 +AB - Large plant-eating dinosaurs are usually presumed to have been strictly + herbivorous, because their derived teeth and jaws were capable of processing + fibrous plant foods. This inferred feeding behavior offers a generalized view of + dinosaur food habits, but rare direct fossil evidence of diet provides more + nuanced insights into feeding behavior. Here we describe fossilized feces + (coprolites) that demonstrate recurring consumption of crustaceans and rotted + wood by large Late Cretaceous dinosaurs. These multi-liter coprolites from the + Kaiparowits Formation are primarily composed of comminuted conifer wood tissues + that were fungally degraded before ingestion. Thick fragments of laminar + crustacean cuticle are scattered within the coprolite contents and suggest that + the dinosaurian defecators consumed sizeable crustaceans that sheltered in + rotting logs. The diet of decayed wood and crustaceans offered a substantial + supply of plant polysaccharides, with added dividends of animal protein and + calcium. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the fossilized fecal residues depict + year-round feeding habits. It is more reasonable to infer that these coprolites + reflected seasonal dietary shifts-possibly related to the dinosaurs' oviparous + breeding activities. This surprising fossil evidence challenges conventional + notions of herbivorous dinosaur diets and reveals a degree of dietary flexibility + that is consistent with that of extant herbivorous birds. +FAU - Chin, Karen +AU - Chin K +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4925-248X +AD - Department of Geological Sciences and Museum of Natural History, University of + Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA. Karen.Chin@colorado.edu. +FAU - Feldmann, Rodney M +AU - Feldmann RM +AD - Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA. +FAU - Tashman, Jessica N +AU - Tashman JN +AD - Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20170921 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Crustacea +MH - Dinosaurs/*physiology +MH - Feeding Behavior/*physiology +MH - *Fossils +PMC - PMC5608751 +COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. +EDAT- 2017/09/25 06:00 +MHDA- 2019/06/30 06:00 +PMCR- 2017/09/21 +CRDT- 2017/09/23 06:00 +PHST- 2017/04/12 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2017/08/25 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2017/09/23 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2017/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2019/06/30 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2017/09/21 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-11538-w [pii] +AID - 11538 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-017-11538-w [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 21;7(1):11163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11538-w. + +PMID- 34188028 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20210712 +LR - 20231102 +IS - 2041-1723 (Electronic) +IS - 2041-1723 (Linking) +VI - 12 +IP - 1 +DP - 2021 Jun 29 +TI - Dinosaur biodiversity declined well before the asteroid impact, influenced by + ecological and environmental pressures. +PG - 3833 +LID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23754-0 [doi] +LID - 3833 +AB - The question why non-avian dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago (Ma) + remains unresolved because of the coarseness of the fossil record. A sudden + extinction caused by an asteroid is the most accepted hypothesis but it is + debated whether dinosaurs were in decline or not before the impact. We analyse + the speciation-extinction dynamics for six key dinosaur families, and find a + decline across dinosaurs, where diversification shifted to a declining-diversity + pattern ~76 Ma. We investigate the influence of ecological and physical factors, + and find that the decline of dinosaurs was likely driven by global climate + cooling and herbivorous diversity drop. The latter is likely due to hadrosaurs + outcompeting other herbivores. We also estimate that extinction risk is related + to species age during the decline, suggesting a lack of evolutionary novelty or + adaptation to changing environments. These results support an environmentally + driven decline of non-avian dinosaurs well before the asteroid impact. +FAU - Condamine, Fabien L +AU - Condamine FL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1673-9910 +AD - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier | + CNRS|IRD|EPHE), Montpellier, France. fabien.condamine@gmail.com. +FAU - Guinot, Guillaume +AU - Guinot G +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3363-6972 +AD - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier | + CNRS|IRD|EPHE), Montpellier, France. +FAU - Benton, Michael J +AU - Benton MJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4323-1824 +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Currie, Philip J +AU - Currie PJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6857-3161 +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. +LA - eng +SI - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.14169575.v1 +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20210629 +PL - England +TA - Nat Commun +JT - Nature communications +JID - 101528555 +SB - IM +MH - Adaptation, Physiological +MH - Animals +MH - *Biodiversity +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Climate Change +MH - Competitive Behavior +MH - Dinosaurs/classification/*physiology +MH - *Extinction, Biological +MH - Fossils +MH - Herbivory/classification/physiology +MH - Minor Planets +MH - Models, Biological +PMC - PMC8242047 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2021/07/01 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/07/13 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/06/29 +CRDT- 2021/06/30 05:55 +PHST- 2019/11/09 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/05/10 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/06/30 05:55 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/07/01 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/07/13 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/06/29 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23754-0 [pii] +AID - 23754 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-021-23754-0 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 29;12(1):3833. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23754-0. + +PMID- 36482175 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20221215 +LR - 20230106 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 12 +IP - 1 +DP - 2022 Dec 8 +TI - Multibody analysis and soft tissue strength refute supersonic dinosaur tail. +PG - 19245 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2 [doi] +LID - 19245 +AB - Sauropod dinosaurs are well known for their massive sizes and long necks and + tails. Among sauropods, flagellicaudatan dinosaurs are characterized by extreme + tail elongation, which has led to hypotheses regarding tail function, often + compared to a whip. Here, we analyse the dynamics of motion of a 3D model of an + apatosaurine flagellicaudatan tail using multibody simulation and quantify the + stress-bearing capabilities of the associated soft tissues. Such an elongated and + slender structure would allow achieving tip velocities in the order of 30 m/s, or + 100 km/h, far slower than the speed of sound, due to the combined effect of + friction of the musculature and articulations, as well as aerodynamic drag. The + material properties of the skin, tendons, and ligaments also support such + evidence, proving that in life, the tail would not have withstood the stresses + imposed by travelling at the speed of sound, irrespective of the conjectural + 'popper', a hypothetical soft tissue structure analogue to the terminal portion + of a bullwhip able to surpass the speed of sound. +CI - © 2022. The Author(s). +FAU - Conti, Simone +AU - Conti S +AD - GeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, + Campus de Caparica, 2829 516, Caparica, Portugal. conti.simone.1994@gmail.com. +AD - Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, via La + Masa 34, 20156, Milan, Italy. conti.simone.1994@gmail.com. +FAU - Tschopp, Emanuel +AU - Tschopp E +AD - GeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, + Campus de Caparica, 2829 516, Caparica, Portugal. +AD - Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. +AD - American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West @ 79th St, New York, NY, + 10024, USA. +FAU - Mateus, Octávio +AU - Mateus O +AD - GeoBioTec, Department of Earth Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, + Campus de Caparica, 2829 516, Caparica, Portugal. +FAU - Zanoni, Andrea +AU - Zanoni A +AD - Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, via La + Masa 34, 20156, Milan, Italy. +FAU - Masarati, Pierangelo +AU - Masarati P +AD - Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, via La + Masa 34, 20156, Milan, Italy. +FAU - Sala, Giuseppe +AU - Sala G +AD - Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, via La + Masa 34, 20156, Milan, Italy. +LA - eng +GR - SFRH/BD/146336/2019/Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ +GR - UIDB/04035/2020/Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20221208 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs +PMC - PMC9732322 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/12/10 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/12/15 06:00 +PMCR- 2022/12/08 +CRDT- 2022/12/09 00:50 +PHST- 2022/04/13 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2022/09/29 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/12/09 00:50 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/12/15 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2022/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2 [pii] +AID - 21633 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 8;12(1):19245. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2. + +PMID- 32648601 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20210525 +LR - 20210525 +IS - 1469-7580 (Electronic) +IS - 0021-8782 (Print) +IS - 0021-8782 (Linking) +VI - 237 +IP - 5 +DP - 2020 Nov +TI - The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis. +PG - 861-869 +LID - 10.1111/joa.13253 [doi] +AB - Neuroanatomical reconstructions of extinct animals have long been recognized as + powerful proxies for palaeoecology, yet our understanding of the endocranial + anatomy of dromaeosaur theropod dinosaurs is still incomplete. Here, we used + X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) to reconstruct and describe the endocranial + anatomy, including the endosseous labyrinth of the inner ear, of the small-bodied + dromaeosaur, Velociraptor mongoliensis. The anatomy of the cranial endocast and + ear were compared with non-avian theropods, modern birds, and other extant + archosaurs to establish trends in agility, balance, and hearing thresholds in + order to reconstruct the trophic ecology of the taxon. Our results indicate that + V. mongoliensis could detect a wide and high range of sound frequencies + (2,368-3,965 Hz), was agile, and could likely track prey items with ease. When + viewed in conjunction with fossils that suggest scavenging-like behaviours in + V. mongoliensis, a complex trophic ecology that mirrors modern predators becomes + apparent. These data suggest that V. mongoliensis was an active predator that + would likely scavenge depending on the age and health of the individual or during + prolonged climatic events such as droughts. +CI - © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on + behalf of Anatomical Society. +FAU - King, J Logan +AU - King JL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2104-4187 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. +FAU - Sipla, Justin S +AU - Sipla JS +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8171-8126 +AD - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. +FAU - Georgi, Justin A +AU - Georgi JA +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3859-9528 +AD - Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA. +FAU - Balanoff, Amy M +AU - Balanoff AM +AD - Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. +AD - Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, + Baltimore, MD, USA. +FAU - Neenan, James M +AU - Neenan JM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8215-5748 +AD - Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. +LA - eng +PT - Comparative Study +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20200710 +PL - England +TA - J Anat +JT - Journal of anatomy +JID - 0137162 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Ear, Inner/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Fossils/anatomy & histology +MH - Perception/physiology +MH - Predatory Behavior/*physiology +MH - Rhombencephalon/*anatomy & histology/physiology +PMC - PMC7542195 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Dinosauria +OT - Dromaeosauridae +OT - Theropoda +OT - endosseous labyrinth +OT - neuroanatomy +OT - sensory anatomy +COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. +EDAT- 2020/07/11 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/05/26 06:00 +PMCR- 2020/07/10 +CRDT- 2020/07/11 06:00 +PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2020/04/30 00:00 [revised] +PHST- 2020/05/22 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/05/26 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2020/07/10 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - JOA13253 [pii] +AID - 10.1111/joa.13253 [doi] +PST - ppublish +SO - J Anat. 2020 Nov;237(5):861-869. doi: 10.1111/joa.13253. Epub 2020 Jul 10. + +PMID- 37932280 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20231108 +LR - 20231111 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 13 +IP - 1 +DP - 2023 Nov 6 +TI - Neuroanatomy of the late Cretaceous Thescelosaurus neglectus (Neornithischia: + Thescelosauridae) reveals novel ecological specialisations within Dinosauria. +PG - 19224 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-45658-3 [doi] +LID - 19224 +AB - Ornithischian dinosaurs exhibited a diversity of ecologies, locomotory modes, and + social structures, making them an ideal clade in which to study the evolution of + neuroanatomy and behaviour. Here, we present a 3D digital reconstruction of the + endocranial spaces of the latest Cretaceous neornithischian Thescelosaurus + neglectus, in order to interpret the neuroanatomy and paleobiology of one of the + last surviving non-avian dinosaurs. Results demonstrate that the brain of + Thescelosaurus was relatively small compared to most other neornithischians, + instead suggesting cognitive capabilities within the range of extant reptiles. + Other traits include a narrow hearing range, with limited ability to distinguish + high frequencies, paired with unusually well-developed olfactory lobes and + anterior semicircular canals, indicating acute olfaction and vestibular + sensitivity. This character combination, in conjunction with features of the + postcranial anatomy, is consistent with specializations for burrowing behaviours + in the clade, as evidenced by trace and skeletal fossil evidence in + earlier-diverging thescelosaurids, although whether they reflect ecological + adaptations or phylogenetic inheritance in T. neglectus itself is unclear. + Nonetheless, our results provide the first evidence of neurological + specializations to burrowing identified within Ornithischia, and non-avian + dinosaurs more generally, expanding the range of ecological adaptations + recognized within this major clade. +CI - © 2023. The Author(s). +FAU - Button, David J +AU - Button DJ +AD - Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, + Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK. david.button@bristol.ac.uk. +FAU - Zanno, Lindsay E +AU - Zanno LE +AD - Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA. +AD - Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, + USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20231106 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Phylogeny +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Neuroanatomy +MH - Brain/anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils +PMC - PMC10628235 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/11/07 00:42 +MHDA- 2023/11/08 06:42 +PMCR- 2023/11/06 +CRDT- 2023/11/06 23:20 +PHST- 2023/06/06 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2023/10/22 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/11/08 06:42 [medline] +PHST- 2023/11/07 00:42 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/11/06 23:20 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/11/06 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-45658-3 [pii] +AID - 45658 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-45658-3 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 6;13(1):19224. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45658-3. + +PMID- 31223116 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200219 +LR - 20200309 +IS - 2050-084X (Electronic) +IS - 2050-084X (Linking) +VI - 8 +DP - 2019 Jun 21 +TI - A new home for microbes. +LID - 10.7554/eLife.48493 [doi] +LID - e48493 +AB - Modern microorganisms growing in fossils provide major challenges for researchers + trying to detect ancient molecules in the same fossils. +CI - © 2019, Eisenhofer and Cooper. +FAU - Eisenhofer, Raphael +AU - Eisenhofer R +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3843-0749 +AD - Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. +FAU - Cooper, Alan +AU - Cooper A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7738-7851 +AD - Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20190621 +PL - England +TA - Elife +JT - eLife +JID - 101579614 +RN - 0 (DNA, Ancient) +SB - IM +CON - doi: 10.7554/eLife.46205 +MH - Animals +MH - Bacteria/*genetics/growth & development +MH - DNA, Ancient/*analysis +MH - Dinosaurs/genetics/*microbiology +MH - Fossils/*microbiology +MH - Humans +PMC - PMC6588343 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - biochemistry +OT - chemical biology +OT - fossils +OT - infectious disease +OT - microbiology +OT - microbiome +OT - proteins +COIS- RE, AC No competing interests declared +EDAT- 2019/06/22 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/02/20 06:00 +PMCR- 2019/06/21 +CRDT- 2019/06/22 06:00 +PHST- 2019/06/17 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/06/17 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/06/22 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/06/22 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/02/20 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2019/06/21 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 48493 [pii] +AID - 10.7554/eLife.48493 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Elife. 2019 Jun 21;8:e48493. doi: 10.7554/eLife.48493. + +PMID- 35127288 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230109 +LR - 20230111 +IS - 2167-8359 (Print) +IS - 2167-8359 (Electronic) +IS - 2167-8359 (Linking) +VI - 10 +DP - 2022 +TI - Almost all known sauropod necks are incomplete and distorted. +PG - e12810 +LID - 10.7717/peerj.12810 [doi] +LID - e12810 +AB - Sauropods are familiar dinosaurs, immediately recognisable by their great size + and long necks. However, their necks are much less well known than is often + assumed. Surprisingly few complete necks have been described in the literature, + and even important specimens such as the Carnegie Diplodocus and Apatosaurus, and + the giant Berlin brachiosaur, in fact have imperfectly known necks. In older + specimens, missing bone is often difficult to spot due to over-enthusiastic + restoration. Worse still, even those vertebrae that are complete are often badly + distorted-for example, in consecutive cervicals of the Carnegie Diplodocus CM 84, + the aspect ratio of the posterior articular facet of the centrum varies so + dramatically that C14 appears 35% broader proportionally than C13. And even in + specimens where the cervicodorsal sequence is preserved, it is often difficult or + impossible to confidently identify which vertebra is the first dorsal. Widespread + incompleteness and distortion are both inevitable due to sauropod anatomy: large + size made it almost impossible for whole individuals to be preserved because + sediment cannot be deposited quickly enough to cover a giant carcass on land; and + distortion of presacral vertebrae is common due to their lightweight hollow + construction. This ubiquitous incompleteness and unpredictable distortion + compromise attempts to mechanically analyze necks, for example to determine + habitual neck posture and range of motion by modelling articulations between + vertebrae. +CI - © 2022 Taylor. +FAU - Taylor, Michael P +AU - Taylor MP +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1003-5675 +AD - Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20220124 +PL - United States +TA - PeerJ +JT - PeerJ +JID - 101603425 +MH - Animals +MH - *Neck +MH - Spine +MH - Bone and Bones +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Posture +PMC - PMC8793732 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Cervical vertebrae +OT - Cervicodorsal transition +OT - Dinosaur +OT - Distortion +OT - Neck +OT - Preservation +OT - Sauropod +COIS- The author declares that he has no competing interests. +EDAT- 2022/02/08 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/02/08 06:01 +PMCR- 2022/01/24 +CRDT- 2022/02/07 05:33 +PHST- 2021/07/14 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/12/28 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2022/02/07 05:33 [entrez] +PHST- 2022/02/08 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/02/08 06:01 [medline] +PHST- 2022/01/24 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 12810 [pii] +AID - 10.7717/peerj.12810 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PeerJ. 2022 Jan 24;10:e12810. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12810. eCollection 2022. + +PMID- 29233973 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20180918 +LR - 20181212 +IS - 2041-1723 (Electronic) +IS - 2041-1723 (Linking) +VI - 8 +IP - 1 +DP - 2017 Dec 12 +TI - parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages. +PG - 1924 +LID - 10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z [doi] +LID - 1924 +AB - Ticks are currently among the most prevalent blood-feeding ectoparasites, but + their feeding habits and hosts in deep time have long remained speculative. Here, + we report direct and indirect evidence in 99 million-year-old Cretaceous amber + showing that hard ticks and ticks of the extinct new family Deinocrotonidae fed + on blood from feathered dinosaurs, non-avialan or avialan excluding crown-group + birds. A †Cornupalpatum burmanicum hard tick is entangled in a pennaceous + feather. Two deinocrotonids described as †Deinocroton draculi gen. et sp. nov. + have specialised setae from dermestid beetle larvae (hastisetae) attached to + their bodies, likely indicating cohabitation in a feathered dinosaur nest. A + third conspecific specimen is blood-engorged, its anatomical features suggesting + that deinocrotonids fed rapidly to engorgement and had multiple gonotrophic + cycles. These findings provide insight into early tick evolution and ecology, and + shed light on poorly known arthropod-vertebrate interactions and potential + disease transmission during the Mesozoic. +FAU - Peñalver, Enrique +AU - Peñalver E +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8312-6087 +AD - Museo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 28003, Madrid, Spain. + e.penalver@igme.es. +FAU - Arillo, Antonio +AU - Arillo A +AD - Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad + Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain. +FAU - Delclòs, Xavier +AU - Delclòs X +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2233-5480 +AD - Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà and Institut de Recerca de la + Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de + Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. +FAU - Peris, David +AU - Peris D +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4074-7400 +AD - Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, + Castelló de la Plana, Spain. +FAU - Grimaldi, David A +AU - Grimaldi DA +AD - Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, + NY, 10021, USA. +FAU - Anderson, Scott R +AU - Anderson SR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6239-7352 +AD - Independent Researcher, Moon Township, USA. +FAU - Nascimbene, Paul C +AU - Nascimbene PC +AD - Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, + NY, 10021, USA. +FAU - Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo +AU - Pérez-de la Fuente R +AD - Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK. + ricardo.perez-de-lafuente@oum.ox.ac.uk. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20171212 +PL - England +TA - Nat Commun +JT - Nature communications +JID - 101528555 +RN - 0 (Amber) +SB - IM +EIN - Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 30;9(1):472. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02913-w. PMID: 29382823 +MH - Amber +MH - Animals +MH - Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*parasitology +MH - Feathers/parasitology +MH - Female +MH - *Fossils +MH - Male +MH - Sensilla +MH - *Ticks/anatomy & histology/classification +PMC - PMC5727220 +COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interests. +EDAT- 2017/12/14 06:00 +MHDA- 2018/09/19 06:00 +PMCR- 2017/12/12 +CRDT- 2017/12/14 06:00 +PHST- 2017/06/19 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2017/09/27 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2017/12/14 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2017/12/14 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2018/09/19 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2017/12/12 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z [pii] +AID - 1550 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 12;8(1):1924. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z. + +PMID- 31911937 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200917 +LR - 20200917 +IS - 2375-2548 (Electronic) +IS - 2375-2548 (Linking) +VI - 6 +IP - 1 +DP - 2020 Jan +TI - Shrinking dinosaurs and the evolution of endothermy in birds. +PG - eaaw4486 +LID - 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4486 [doi] +LID - eaaw4486 +AB - The evolution of endothermy represents a major transition in vertebrate history, + yet how and why endothermy evolved in birds and mammals remains controversial. + Here, we combine a heat transfer model with theropod body size data to + reconstruct the evolution of metabolic rates along the bird stem lineage. Results + suggest that a reduction in size constitutes the path of least resistance for + endothermy to evolve, maximizing thermal niche expansion while obviating the + costs of elevated energy requirements. In this scenario, metabolism would have + increased with the miniaturization observed in the Early-Middle Jurassic (~180 to + 170 million years ago), resulting in a gradient of metabolic levels in the + theropod phylogeny. Whereas basal theropods would exhibit lower metabolic rates, + more recent nonavian lineages were likely decent thermoregulators with elevated + metabolism. These analyses provide a tentative temporal sequence of the key + evolutionary transitions that resulted in the emergence of small, endothermic, + feathered flying dinosaurs. +CI - Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American + Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government + Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 + (CC BY-NC). +FAU - Rezende, Enrico L +AU - Rezende EL +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6245-9605 +AD - Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, + Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, + Santiago 6513677, Chile. +FAU - Bacigalupe, Leonardo D +AU - Bacigalupe LD +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8141-2802 +AD - Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad + Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile. +FAU - Nespolo, Roberto F +AU - Nespolo RF +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0825-9618 +AD - Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, + Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, + Santiago 6513677, Chile. +AD - Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad + Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile. +AD - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile. +FAU - Bozinovic, Francisco +AU - Bozinovic F +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3870-9624 +AD - Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, + Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, + Santiago 6513677, Chile. +LA - eng +SI - Dryad/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7ss0 +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20200101 +PL - United States +TA - Sci Adv +JT - Science advances +JID - 101653440 +SB - IM +MH - Adaptation, Physiological +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology +MH - Body Size +MH - Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology +MH - Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*physiology +MH - Feathers/physiology +MH - Fossils/anatomy & histology +MH - Mammals +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Tooth/physiology +PMC - PMC6938711 +EDAT- 2020/01/09 06:00 +MHDA- 2020/09/18 06:00 +PMCR- 2020/01/01 +CRDT- 2020/01/09 06:00 +PHST- 2018/12/20 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/11/04 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2020/01/09 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2020/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2020/09/18 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - aaw4486 [pii] +AID - 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4486 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Adv. 2020 Jan 1;6(1):eaaw4486. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4486. eCollection 2020 + Jan. + +PMID- 30911383 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20200127 +LR - 20200309 +IS - 2048-6790 (Print) +IS - 2048-6790 (Electronic) +IS - 2048-6790 (Linking) +VI - 8 +DP - 2019 +TI - Why did the dinosaurs become extinct? Could cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) + deficiency be the answer? +PG - e9 +LID - 10.1017/jns.2019.7 [doi] +LID - e9 +AB - Palaeontological deductions from the fossil remnants of extinct dinosaurs tell us + much about their classification into species as well as about their physiological + and behavioural characteristics. Geological evidence indicates that dinosaurs + became extinct at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras, about + 66 million years ago, at a time when there was worldwide environmental change + resulting from the impact of a large celestial object with the Earth and/or from + vast volcanic eruptions. However, apart from the presumption that climate change + and interference with food supply contributed to their extinction, no biological + mechanism has been suggested to explain why such a diverse range of terrestrial + vertebrates ceased to exist. One of perhaps several contributing mechanisms comes + by extrapolating from the physiology of the avian descendants of dinosaurs. This + raises the possibility that cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) deficiency of + developing embryos in dinosaur eggs could have caused their death before + hatching, thus extinguishing the entire family of dinosaurs through failure to + reproduce. +FAU - Fraser, D R +AU - Fraser DR +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2560-0750 +AD - Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of + Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20190319 +PL - England +TA - J Nutr Sci +JT - Journal of nutritional science +JID - 101590587 +RN - 1C6V77QF41 (Cholecalciferol) +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Birds/physiology +MH - Cholecalciferol +MH - Climate Change +MH - Dinosaurs/embryology/*physiology +MH - Earth, Planet +MH - Eggs +MH - *Extinction, Biological +MH - Food Supply +MH - Paleontology +MH - Reproduction +MH - Sunlight +MH - *Vitamin D Deficiency +MH - Volcanic Eruptions/adverse effects +PMC - PMC6425225 +OTO - NOTNLM +OT - Dinosaur extinction +OT - Embryo mortality +OT - Fossilised eggs +OT - Mya, million years ago +OT - Solar UVB radiation +EDAT- 2019/03/27 06:00 +MHDA- 2019/03/27 06:01 +PMCR- 2019/01/01 +CRDT- 2019/03/27 06:00 +PHST- 2019/01/06 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2019/02/19 00:00 [revised] +PHST- 2019/02/21 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2019/03/27 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2019/03/27 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2019/03/27 06:01 [medline] +PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 00007 [pii] +AID - 10.1017/jns.2019.7 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - J Nutr Sci. 2019 Mar 19;8:e9. doi: 10.1017/jns.2019.7. eCollection 2019. + +PMID- 38568908 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20240405 +LR - 20240426 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 19 +IP - 4 +DP - 2024 +TI - Osteohistological insight into the growth dynamics of early dinosaurs and their + contemporaries. +PG - e0298242 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0298242 [doi] +LID - e0298242 +AB - Dinosauria debuted on Earth's stage in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic Mass + Extinction Event, and survived two other Triassic extinction intervals to + eventually dominate terrestrial ecosystems. More than 231 million years ago, in + the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of west-central Argentina, dinosaurs + were just getting warmed up. At this time, dinosaurs represented a minor fraction + of ecosystem diversity. Members of other tetrapod clades, including synapsids and + pseudosuchians, shared convergently evolved features related to locomotion, + feeding, respiration, and metabolism and could have risen to later dominance. + However, it was Dinosauria that radiated in the later Mesozoic most significantly + in terms of body size, diversity, and global distribution. Elevated growth rates + are one of the adaptations that set later Mesozoic dinosaurs apart, particularly + from their contemporary crocodilian and mammalian compatriots. When did the + elevated growth rates of dinosaurs first evolve? How did the growth strategies of + the earliest known dinosaurs compare with those of other tetrapods in their + ecosystems? We studied femoral bone histology of an array of early dinosaurs + alongside that of non-dinosaurian contemporaries from the Ischigualasto Formation + in order to test whether the oldest known dinosaurs exhibited novel growth + strategies. Our results indicate that the Ischigualasto vertebrate fauna + collectively exhibits relatively high growth rates. Dinosaurs are among the + fastest growing taxa in the sample, but they occupied this niche alongside + crocodylomorphs, archosauriformes, and large-bodied pseudosuchians. + Interestingly, these dinosaurs grew at least as quickly, but more continuously + than sauropodomorph and theropod dinosaurs of the later Mesozoic. These data + suggest that, while elevated growth rates were ancestral for Dinosauria and + likely played a significant role in dinosaurs' ascent within Mesozoic ecosystems, + they did not set them apart from their contemporaries. +CI - Copyright: © 2024 Curry Rogers et al. This is an open access article distributed + under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits + unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the + original author and source are credited. +FAU - Curry Rogers, Kristina +AU - Curry Rogers K +AD - Biology and Geology Departments, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota, United + States of America. +FAU - Martínez, Ricardo N +AU - Martínez RN +AD - Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San + Juan, Argentina. +FAU - Colombi, Carina +AU - Colombi C +AD - CIGEOBIO - Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y Biósfera, Consejo Nacional + de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San + Juan, Argentina. +FAU - Rogers, Raymond R +AU - Rogers RR +AD - Geology Department, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of + America. +FAU - Alcober, Oscar +AU - Alcober O +AD - Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San + Juan, Argentina. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20240403 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Ecosystem +MH - Fossils +MH - Bone and Bones +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Mammals +PMC - PMC10990230 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2024/04/03 18:44 +MHDA- 2024/04/05 06:44 +PMCR- 2024/04/03 +CRDT- 2024/04/03 13:34 +PHST- 2023/08/03 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2024/01/21 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2024/04/05 06:44 [medline] +PHST- 2024/04/03 18:44 [pubmed] +PHST- 2024/04/03 13:34 [entrez] +PHST- 2024/04/03 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-23-24728 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0298242 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2024 Apr 3;19(4):e0298242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298242. + eCollection 2024. + +PMID- 33626060 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20210811 +LR - 20231110 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 16 +IP - 2 +DP - 2021 +TI - First rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from Asia. +PG - e0246620 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0246620 [doi] +LID - e0246620 +AB - Dzharatitanis kingi gen. et sp. nov. is based on an isolated anterior caudal + vertebra (USNM 538127) from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty Formation at + Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon within the + diplodocoid clade Rebbachisauridae. This is the first rebbachisaurid reported + from Asia and one of the youngest rebbachisaurids in the known fossil record. The + caudal is characterized by a slightly opisthocoelous centrum, 'wing-like' + transverse processes with large but shallow PRCDF and POCDF, and the absence of a + hyposphenal ridge and of TPRL and TPOL. The neural spine has high SPRL, SPDL, + SPOL, and POSL and is pneumatized. The apex of neural spine is transversely + expanded and bears triangular lateral processes. The new taxon shares with + Demandasaurus and the Wessex rebbachisaurid a high SPDL on the lateral side of + the neural spine, separated from SPRL and SPOL. This possibly suggests derivation + of Dzharatitanis from European rebbachisaurids. This is the second sauropod group + identified in the assemblage of non-avian dinosaurs from the Bissekty Formation, + in addition to a previously identified indeterminate titanosaurian. +FAU - Averianov, Alexander +AU - Averianov A +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5948-0799 +AD - Department of Theriology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. + Petersburg, Russia. +FAU - Sues, Hans-Dieter +AU - Sues HD +AD - Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian + Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20210224 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Asia +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Coccyx/*anatomy & histology +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology +MH - Fossils/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging +MH - Paleontology +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Spine/anatomy & histology +MH - Uzbekistan +PMC - PMC7904184 +COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2021/02/25 06:00 +MHDA- 2021/08/12 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/02/24 +CRDT- 2021/02/24 17:09 +PHST- 2020/11/11 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/01/21 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/02/24 17:09 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/02/25 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2021/08/12 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/02/24 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-20-35537 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0246620 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2021 Feb 24;16(2):e0246620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246620. + eCollection 2021. + +PMID- 27828977 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20170703 +LR - 20181113 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 11 +IP - 11 +DP - 2016 +TI - Dinosaur Metabolism and the Allometry of Maximum Growth Rate. +PG - e0163205 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0163205 [doi] +LID - e0163205 +AB - The allometry of maximum somatic growth rate has been used in prior studies to + classify the metabolic state of both extant vertebrates and dinosaurs. The most + recent such studies are reviewed, and their data is reanalyzed. The results of + allometric regressions on growth rate are shown to depend on the choice of + independent variable; the typical choice used in prior studies introduces a + geometric shear transformation that exaggerates the statistical power of the + regressions. The maximum growth rates of extant groups are found to have a great + deal of overlap, including between groups with endothermic and ectothermic + metabolism. Dinosaur growth rates show similar overlap, matching the rates found + for mammals, reptiles and fish. The allometric scaling of growth rate with mass + is found to have curvature (on a log-log scale) for many groups, contradicting + the prevailing view that growth rate allometry follows a simple power law. + Reanalysis shows that no correlation between growth rate and basal metabolic rate + (BMR) has been demonstrated. These findings drive a conclusion that growth rate + allometry studies to date cannot be used to determine dinosaur metabolism as has + been previously argued. +FAU - Myhrvold, Nathan P +AU - Myhrvold NP +AD - Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20161109 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +SB - IM +CIN - PLoS One. 2018 Feb 28;13(2):e0184756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184756. PMID: + 29489816 +MH - Animals +MH - *Body Size +MH - Dinosaurs/classification/*growth & development/*metabolism +MH - *Energy Metabolism +MH - Fossils +MH - Regression Analysis +PMC - PMC5102473 +COIS- The author, Nathan P. Myhrvold, is employed by a commercial company (Intellectual + Ventures). There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to + declare. This does not alter the author’s adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies + on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors. +EDAT- 2016/11/10 06:00 +MHDA- 2017/07/04 06:00 +PMCR- 2016/11/09 +CRDT- 2016/11/10 06:00 +PHST- 2015/01/07 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2016/09/06 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2016/11/10 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2016/11/10 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2017/07/04 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2016/11/09 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-15-00806 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0163205 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2016 Nov 9;11(11):e0163205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163205. + eCollection 2016. + +PMID- 34675327 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20220124 +LR - 20230206 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 11 +IP - 1 +DP - 2021 Oct 21 +TI - Earliest evidence of herd-living and age segregation amongst dinosaurs. +PG - 20023 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-99176-1 [doi] +LID - 20023 +AB - Sauropodomorph dinosaurs dominated the herbivorous niches during the first 40 + million years of dinosaur history (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic), yet + palaeobiological factors that influenced their evolutionary success are not fully + understood. For instance, knowledge on their behaviour is limited, although + herding in sauropodomorphs has been well documented in derived sauropods from the + Late Jurassic and Cretaceous. Here we report an exceptional fossil occurrence + from Patagonia that includes over 100 eggs and skeletal specimens of 80 + individuals of the early sauropodomorph Mussaurus patagonicus, ranging from + embryos to fully-grown adults, with an Early Jurassic age as determined by + high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology. Most specimens were found in a + restricted area and stratigraphic interval, with some articulated skeletons + grouped in clusters of individuals of approximately the same age. Our new + discoveries indicate the presence of social cohesion throughout life and + age-segregation within a herd structure, in addition to colonial nesting + behaviour. These findings provide the earliest evidence of complex social + behaviour in Dinosauria, predating previous records by at least 40 My. The + presence of sociality in different sauropodomorph lineages suggests a possible + Triassic origin of this behaviour, which may have influenced their early success + as large terrestrial herbivores. +CI - © 2021. The Author(s). +FAU - Pol, Diego +AU - Pol D +AD - CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, 9100, Trelew, + Argentina. dpol@mef.org.ar. +FAU - Mancuso, Adriana C +AU - Mancuso AC +AD - IANIGLA, CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Adrián Ruiz Leal S/N - Parque Gral. San Martín + 5500, C.C.330, Mendoza, Argentina. +FAU - Smith, Roger M H +AU - Smith RMH +AD - Evolutionary Studies Institution, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, + South Africa. +FAU - Marsicano, Claudia A +AU - Marsicano CA +AD - CONICET-UBA IDEAN, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias + Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, + Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. +FAU - Ramezani, Jahandar +AU - Ramezani J +AD - Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute + of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. +FAU - Cerda, Ignacio A +AU - Cerda IA +AD - CONICET, Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología Y Geología, Universidad + Nacional de Río Negro, Museo Carlos Ameghino, Belgrano 1700, Paraje Pichi Ruca + (Predio Marabunta), Cipolletti, Río Negro, Argentina. +FAU - Otero, Alejandro +AU - Otero A +AD - CONICET, División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del + Bosque s/n (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. +FAU - Fernandez, Vincent +AU - Fernandez V +AD - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, + France. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. +DEP - 20211021 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Argentina +MH - Behavior, Animal +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology +MH - Eggs +MH - Fossils +MH - Geography +MH - Paleontology/*methods +MH - Phylogeny +MH - Time Factors +PMC - PMC8531321 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2021/10/23 06:00 +MHDA- 2022/01/27 06:00 +PMCR- 2021/10/21 +CRDT- 2021/10/22 06:30 +PHST- 2021/02/12 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2021/09/21 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2021/10/22 06:30 [entrez] +PHST- 2021/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2022/01/27 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2021/10/21 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-99176-1 [pii] +AID - 99176 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-99176-1 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 21;11(1):20023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99176-1. + +PMID- 29662063 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20181211 +LR - 20190416 +IS - 2041-1723 (Electronic) +IS - 2041-1723 (Linking) +VI - 9 +IP - 1 +DP - 2018 Apr 16 +TI - Dinosaur diversification linked with the Carnian Pluvial Episode. +PG - 1499 +LID - 10.1038/s41467-018-03996-1 [doi] +LID - 1499 +AB - Dinosaurs diversified in two steps during the Triassic. They originated about + 245 Ma, during the recovery from the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, and then + remained insignificant until they exploded in diversity and ecological importance + during the Late Triassic. Hitherto, this Late Triassic explosion was poorly + constrained and poorly dated. Here we provide evidence that it followed the + Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), dated to 234-232 Ma, a time when climates switched + from arid to humid and back to arid again. Our evidence comes from a combined + analysis of skeletal evidence and footprint occurrences, and especially from the + exquisitely dated ichnofaunas of the Italian Dolomites. These provide evidence of + tetrapod faunal compositions through the Carnian and Norian, and show that + dinosaur footprints appear exactly at the time of the CPE. We argue then that + dinosaurs diversified explosively in the mid Carnian, at a time of major climate + and floral change and the extinction of key herbivores, which the dinosaurs + opportunistically replaced. +FAU - Bernardi, Massimo +AU - Bernardi M +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3682-4090 +AD - MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122, Trento, + Italy. massimo.bernardi@muse.it. +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK. + massimo.bernardi@muse.it. +FAU - Gianolla, Piero +AU - Gianolla P +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7683-2880 +AD - Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat + 1, 44100, Ferrara, Italy. +FAU - Petti, Fabio Massimo +AU - Petti FM +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5358-9862 +AD - MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122, Trento, + Italy. +AD - PaleoFactory, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, + Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. +FAU - Mietto, Paolo +AU - Mietto P +AD - Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6, + I-35131, Padova, Italy. +FAU - Benton, Michael J +AU - Benton MJ +AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4323-1824 +AD - School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK. +LA - eng +PT - Historical Article +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20180416 +PL - England +TA - Nat Commun +JT - Nature communications +JID - 101528555 +SB - IM +MH - Animal Distribution/*physiology +MH - Animals +MH - Biodiversity +MH - Biological Evolution +MH - Climate +MH - Climate Change/*history +MH - Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*classification/physiology +MH - *Extinction, Biological +MH - Fossils/*history +MH - Geologic Sediments/analysis +MH - History, Ancient +MH - Phylogeny +PMC - PMC5902586 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2018/04/18 06:00 +MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00 +PMCR- 2018/04/16 +CRDT- 2018/04/18 06:00 +PHST- 2017/11/08 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2018/03/27 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2018/04/18 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2018/04/18 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2018/04/16 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-018-03996-1 [pii] +AID - 3996 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41467-018-03996-1 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 16;9(1):1499. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03996-1. + +PMID- 37286556 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20230609 +LR - 20230611 +IS - 2045-2322 (Electronic) +IS - 2045-2322 (Linking) +VI - 13 +IP - 1 +DP - 2023 Jun 7 +TI - Statistical evaluation of character support reveals the instability of + higher-level dinosaur phylogeny. +PG - 9273 +LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-35784-3 [doi] +LID - 9273 +AB - The interrelationships of the three major dinosaur clades (Theropoda, + Sauropodomorpha, and Ornithischia) have come under increased scrutiny following + the recovery of conflicting phylogenies by a large new character matrix and its + extensively modified revision. Here, we use tools derived from recent + phylogenomic studies to investigate the strength and causes of this conflict. + Using maximum likelihood as an overarching framework, we examine the global + support for alternative hypotheses as well as the distribution of phylogenetic + signal among individual characters in both the original and rescored dataset. We + find the three possible ways of resolving the relationships among the main + dinosaur lineages (Saurischia, Ornithischiformes, and Ornithoscelida) to be + statistically indistinguishable and supported by nearly equal numbers of + characters in both matrices. While the changes made to the revised matrix + increased the mean phylogenetic signal of individual characters, this amplified + rather than reduced their conflict, resulting in greater sensitivity to character + removal or coding changes and little overall improvement in the ability to + discriminate between alternative topologies. We conclude that early dinosaur + relationships are unlikely to be resolved without fundamental changes to both the + quality of available datasets and the techniques used to analyze them. +CI - © 2023. The Author(s). +FAU - Černý, David +AU - Černý D +AD - Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis + Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. david.cerny1@gmail.com. +FAU - Simonoff, Ashley L +AU - Simonoff AL +AD - Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis + Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +DEP - 20230607 +PL - England +TA - Sci Rep +JT - Scientific reports +JID - 101563288 +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - Phylogeny +MH - *Dinosaurs +PMC - PMC10247814 +COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. +EDAT- 2023/06/08 01:08 +MHDA- 2023/06/09 06:42 +PMCR- 2023/06/07 +CRDT- 2023/06/07 23:16 +PHST- 2023/02/17 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2023/05/23 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2023/06/09 06:42 [medline] +PHST- 2023/06/08 01:08 [pubmed] +PHST- 2023/06/07 23:16 [entrez] +PHST- 2023/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-35784-3 [pii] +AID - 35784 [pii] +AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-35784-3 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 7;13(1):9273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35784-3. + +PMID- 26605799 +OWN - NLM +STAT- MEDLINE +DCOM- 20160620 +LR - 20181113 +IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) +IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) +VI - 10 +IP - 11 +DP - 2015 +TI - Eggshell Porosity Provides Insight on Evolution of Nesting in Dinosaurs. +PG - e0142829 +LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142829 [doi] +LID - e0142829 +AB - Knowledge about the types of nests built by dinosaurs can provide insight into + the evolution of nesting and reproductive behaviors among archosaurs. However, + the low preservation potential of their nesting materials and nesting structures + means that most information can only be gleaned indirectly through comparison + with extant archosaurs. Two general nest types are recognized among living + archosaurs: 1) covered nests, in which eggs are incubated while fully covered by + nesting material (as in crocodylians and megapodes), and 2) open nests, in which + eggs are exposed in the nest and brooded (as in most birds). Previously, dinosaur + nest types had been inferred by estimating the water vapor conductance (i.e., + diffusive capacity) of their eggs, based on the premise that high conductance + corresponds to covered nests and low conductance to open nests. However, a lack + of statistical rigor and inconsistencies in this method render its application + problematic and its validity questionable. As an alternative we propose a + statistically rigorous approach to infer nest type based on large datasets of + eggshell porosity and egg mass compiled for over 120 extant archosaur species and + 29 archosaur extinct taxa/ootaxa. The presence of a strong correlation between + eggshell porosity and nest type among extant archosaurs indicates that eggshell + porosity can be used as a proxy for nest type, and thus discriminant analyses can + help predict nest type in extinct taxa. Our results suggest that: 1) covered + nests are likely the primitive condition for dinosaurs (and probably archosaurs), + and 2) open nests first evolved among non-avian theropods more derived than + Lourinhanosaurus and were likely widespread in non-avian maniraptorans, well + before the appearance of birds. Although taphonomic evidence suggests that basal + open nesters (i.e., oviraptorosaurs and troodontids) were potentially the first + dinosaurs to brood their clutches, they still partially buried their eggs in + sediment. Open nests with fully exposed eggs only became widespread among + Euornithes. A potential co-evolution of open nests and brooding behavior among + maniraptorans may have freed theropods from the ground-based restrictions + inherent to covered nests and allowed the exploitation of alternate nesting + locations. These changes in nesting styles and behaviors thus may have played a + role in the evolutionary success of maniraptorans (including birds). +FAU - Tanaka, Kohei +AU - Tanaka K +AD - Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. +FAU - Zelenitsky, Darla K +AU - Zelenitsky DK +AD - Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. +FAU - Therrien, François +AU - Therrien F +AD - Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. +LA - eng +PT - Journal Article +PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't +DEP - 20151125 +PL - United States +TA - PLoS One +JT - PloS one +JID - 101285081 +RN - 059QF0KO0R (Water) +SB - IM +MH - Animals +MH - *Biological Evolution +MH - Birds/*classification/physiology +MH - Diffusion +MH - Dinosaurs/*classification/physiology +MH - Discriminant Analysis +MH - Egg Shell/*anatomy & histology/physiology +MH - Female +MH - Fossils +MH - Male +MH - Nesting Behavior/*physiology +MH - *Phylogeny +MH - Porosity +MH - Reproduction/physiology +MH - Water +MH - Zygote/classification/physiology +PMC - PMC4659668 +COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. +EDAT- 2015/11/26 06:00 +MHDA- 2016/06/21 06:00 +PMCR- 2015/11/25 +CRDT- 2015/11/26 06:00 +PHST- 2015/08/04 00:00 [received] +PHST- 2015/10/27 00:00 [accepted] +PHST- 2015/11/26 06:00 [entrez] +PHST- 2015/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] +PHST- 2016/06/21 06:00 [medline] +PHST- 2015/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release] +AID - PONE-D-15-34125 [pii] +AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0142829 [doi] +PST - epublish +SO - PLoS One. 2015 Nov 25;10(11):e0142829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142829. + eCollection 2015. + diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 55aeec9..b07fa1f 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ A comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma t Learn more about [CSV at Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values). #### RIS -RIS is a standardized tag format developed by Research Information Systems, Incorporated (the format name refers to the company) to enable citation programs to exchange data. The RIS file format — two letters, two spaces and a hyphen — is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Multiple citation records can be present in a single RIS file. A record ends with an "end record" tag ER - with no additional blank lines between records. +RIS is a standardized tag format developed by Research Information Systems, Incorporated (the format name refers to the company) to enable citation programs to exchange data. The RIS file format — two letters, two spaces and a hyphen — is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Multiple citation records can be present in a single RIS file. A record ends with an "end record" tag ER - with no additional blank lines between records. We also included a Pubmed RIS file, which is a Pubmed format that has a high resemblance with RIS files. *The RIS file format is standardized but sometimes improperly implemented.*