[Task]: Upgrade Beam Python to Cython 3.0

[jrmccluskey]

What needs to happen?

Cython 3.0 has released, and that has brought with it improvements but also some backwards-incompatible changes. Unpinned cython versions led to 3.0 being used in GitHub Actions workflows, causing them to fail with new errors. These have been corrected in #27525; however, we should aim to upgrade the Python SDK to Cython 3.0 and resolve the errors in the future.

Issue Priority

Priority: 2 (default / most normal work should be filed as P2)

Issue Components

• Component: Python SDK
• Component: Java SDK
• Component: Go SDK
• Component: Typescript SDK
• Component: IO connector
• Component: Beam examples
• Component: Beam playground
• Component: Beam katas
• Component: Website
• Component: Spark Runner
• Component: Flink Runner
• Component: Samza Runner
• Component: Twister2 Runner
• Component: Hazelcast Jet Runner
• Component: Google Cloud Dataflow Runner

[jrmccluskey]

This was done in #32112