MOSQ_SDM_Supp.csv

SearchTerm,Journal,Authors,Authors2,Title,Journal2,Abstract,ORCIDS,ISSN,Publication Year,DOI,KeepTitle,KeepAbstract,KeepFullPaper,ModelCategory,Model,Occurrence/Abundance,Datasource,SamplingMethod,PositiveSiteCt,SiteNotes,Lifestage,Location,Scale,Genera,Species,Environmental_Dataset,Temperature,ExplanatoryFactors,MostImportantVariable,Collinearirt,FutureClimProjection,Notes
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Foley, DH; Weitzman, AL; Miller, SE; Faran, ME; Rueda, LM; Wilkerson, RC","Foley, Desmond H.; Weitzman, Anna L.; Miller, Scott E.; Faran, Michael E.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.; Wilkerson, Richard C.",The value of georeferenced collection records for predicting patterns of mosquito species richness and endemism in the Neotropics,ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"1. Determining large-scale distribution patterns for mosquitoes could advance knowledge of global mosquito biogeography and inform decisions about where mosquito inventory needs are greatest. 2. Over 43 000 georeferenced records are presented of identified and vouchered mosquitoes from collections undertaken between 1899 and 1982, from 1853 locations in 42 countries throughout the Neotropics. Of 492 species in the data set, 23% were only recorded from one location, and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann is the most common species. 3. A linear log-log species-area relationship was found for mosquito species number and country area. Chile had the lowest relative density of species and Trinidad-Tobago the highest, followed by Panama and French Guiana. 4. The potential distribution of species was predicted using an Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) approach. Anopheles species had the largest predicted species ranges, whereas species of Deinocerites and Wyeomyia had the smallest. 5. Species richness was estimated for 1 degrees grids and by summing predicted presence of species from ENM. These methods both showed areas of high species richness in French Guiana, Panama, Trinidad-Tobago, and Colombia. Potential hotspots in endemicity included unsampled areas in Panama, French Guiana, Colombia, Belize, Venezuela, and Brazil. 6. Argentina, The Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia, Cuba, and Peru were the most under-represented countries in the database compared with known country species occurrence data. Analysis of species accumulation curves suggested patchiness in the distribution of data points, which may affect estimates of species richness. 7. The data set is a first step towards the development of a global-scale repository of georeferenced mosquito collection records.","Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378",0307-6946,2008,10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00927.x,yes,yes,yes,Envelope,Bioclim,Occurrence,"Mosquito Information Magaement Proect, Mosquitoes of Middle America collection",na,1853,,"adults, larvae",North and south America,Regional,Multiple,Multiple genera,WorldClim (C),bioclim,all bioclim,not specified,no discussion of collinearity,no,stacked' models to estimate species richness
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Trajer, A; Tanczos, B; Hammer, T; Bede-Fazekas, A; Ranvig, KA; Schoffhauzer, J; Padisak, J","Trajer, A.; Tanczos, B.; Hammer, T.; Bede-Fazekas, A.; Ranvig, K. A.; Schoffhauzer, J.; Padisak, J.",THE COMPLEX INVESTIGATION OF THE COLONIZATION POTENTIAL OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN THE SOUTH PANNONIAN ECOREGION,APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH,"Aedes albopictus is the potential vector of several pathogens. Recently, the South Pannonian ecoregion has been the border of the east Mediterranean established range of the species. We aimed to determine the current range limiting factors, to predict the potential seasonality and to model the future distribution of the mosquito in the Carpathian Basin. Mosquito trapping was performed in the border region. Larvae were collected from local waters. Based on the new and the previously performed collections, we analysed the limiting climatic factors of the occurrence. The calculation of the full ontogeny was based on previously published experimental results. The analysis of the climate of the successful and non-successful trapping sites showed the complex conditionality of the habitat preference of Aedes albopictus. We confirmed the presence of Phlebotomus neglectus in South-western Hungary and of Aedes albopictus in Zagreb. We found that Aedes albopictus can tolerate the climate of the mountainous regions of the Mediterranean where there are relatively cold winters due to high annual precipitation. Both the climate envelope model results and the gained range limiting factors support the hypothesis that the recent climate of Hungary allows the expansion of the mosquito in the Carpathian Basin.","Padisak, Judit/0000-0001-8285-2896",1589-1623,2017,10.15666/aeer/1501_275298,yes,yes,yes,Envelope,climate envelope,Occurrence,"collections, light traps and larval sampling","CDC Miniature Light Trap, fine scale sieve",29,,"adults, larvae","Coatia, Slovenia, Hungary",Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,Climate Explorer of the European Climate Assessment and Data (C),"mean minimum January temperature, January mean temperature","mean minimum January temperature, January mean temperature, sum of the autumn and winter precipitation, mean July precipitation",not specified,did not discuss collinearity,yes,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Tonnang, HEZ; Kangalawe, RYM; Yanda, PZ","Tonnang, Henri E. Z.; Kangalawe, Richard Y. M.; Yanda, Pius Z.",Predicting and mapping malaria under climate change scenarios: the potential redistribution of malaria vectors in Africa,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Malaria is rampant in Africa and causes untold mortality and morbidity. Vector-borne diseases are climate sensitive and this has raised considerable concern over the implications of climate change on future disease risk. The problem of malaria vectors (Anopheles mosquitoes) shifting from their traditional locations to invade new zones is an important concern. The vision of this study was to exploit the sets of information previously generated by entomologists, e. g. on geographical range of vectors and malaria distribution, to build models that will enable prediction and mapping the potential redistribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in Africa. Methods: The development of the modelling tool was carried out through calibration of CLIMEX parameters. The model helped estimate the potential geographical distribution and seasonal abundance of the species in relation to climatic factors. These included temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, which characterized the living environment for Anopheles mosquitoes. The same parameters were used in determining the ecoclimatic index (EI). The EI values were exported to a GIS package for special analysis and proper mapping of the potential future distribution of Anopheles gambiae and Anophles arabiensis within the African continent under three climate change scenarios. Results: These results have shown that shifts in these species boundaries southward and eastward of Africa may occur rather than jumps into quite different climatic environments. In the absence of adequate control, these predictions are crucial in understanding the possible future geographical range of the vectors and the disease, which could facilitate planning for various adaptation options. Conclusion: Thus, the outputs from this study will be helpful at various levels of decision making, for example, in setting up of an early warning and sustainable strategies for climate change and climate change adaptation for malaria vectors control programmes in Africa.",,,2010,10.1186/1475-2875-9-111,yes,yes,yes,Envelope,CLIMEX,Occurrence,"ARMA/MARA, literature review",na,Not specified,,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,An. arabiensis and An. gambiae,"Weather station data (C), Climatic Research Unit (C)","Average minimum daily temperture, average maximum daily temperature","Average minimum daily temperture, average maximum daily temperature, average monthly rainfall, average daily relative humidity",Climate best for arabiensis in dry savannah areas; gambiae in wet tropical region,no discussion of collinearity,yes,did projections with future climate change
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Khormi, HM; Kumar, L","Khormi, Hassan M.; Kumar, Lalit",Climate change and the potential global distribution of Aedes aegypti: spatial modelling using geographical information system and CLIMEX,GEOSPATIAL HEALTH,"We examined the potential added risk posed by global climate change on the dengue vector Aedes aegypti abundance using CLIMEX, a powerful tool for exploring the relationship between the fundamental and realised niche of any species. After calibrating the model using data from several knowledge domains, including geographical distribution records, we estimated potential distributions of the mosquito under current and future potential scenarios. The impact of climate change on its potential distribution was assessed with two global climate models, the CSIRO-Mk3.0 and the MIROC-H, run with two potential, future emission scenarios (A1B and A2) published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We compared today's climate situation with two arbitrarily chosen future time points (2030 and 2070) to see the impact on the worldwide distribution of A. aegypti. The model for the current global climate indicated favourable areas for the mosquito within its known distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. However, even if much of the tropics and subtropics will continue to be suitable, the climatically favourable areas for A. aegypti globally are projected to contract under the future scenarios produced by these models, while currently unfavourable areas, such as inland Australia, the Arabian Peninsula, southern Iran and some parts of North America may become climatically favourable for this mosquito species. The climate models for the Aedes dengue vector presented here should be useful for management purposes as they can be adapted for decision/making regarding allocation of resources for dengue risk toward areas where risk infection remains and away from areas where climatic suitability is likely to decrease in the future.","Kumar, Lalit/0000-0002-9205-756X;",1827-1987,2014,10.4081/gh.2014.29,yes,yes,yes,Envelope,Climex,Occurrence,CDC database; Center for International Earth Science Information Network;,na,Not specified,,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,CliMond (C),CliMond min/max monthly temperatures,"min/max monthly temperatures, average monthly precipitation, relative humidity",not specified,did not discuss collinearity,yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Tonnang, HEZ; Tchouassi, DP; Juarez, HS; Igweta, LK; Djouaka, RF","Tonnang, Henri E. Z.; Tchouassi, David P.; Juarez, Henry S.; Igweta, Lilian K.; Djouaka, Rousseau F.",Zoom in at African country level: potential climate induced changes in areas of suitability for survival of malaria vectors,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS,"Background: Predicting anopheles vectors' population densities and boundary shifts is crucial in preparing for malaria risks and unanticipated outbreaks. Although shifts in the distribution and boundaries of the major malaria vectors (Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis) across Africa have been predicted, quantified areas of absolute change in zone of suitability for their survival have not been defined. In this study, we have quantified areas of absolute change conducive for the establishment and survival of these vectors, per African country, under two climate change scenarios and based on our findings, highlight practical measures for effective malaria control in the face of changing climatic patterns. Methods: We developed a model using CLIMEX simulation platform to estimate the potential geographical distribution and seasonal abundance of these malaria vectors in relation to climatic factors (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity). The model yielded an eco-climatic index (EI) describing the total favourable geographical locations for the species. The EI values were classified and exported to a GIS package. Using ArcGIS, the EI shape points were clipped to the extent of Africa and then converted to a raster layer using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. Generated maps were then transformed into polygon-based geo-referenced data set and their areas computed and expressed in square kilometers (km(2)). Results: Five classes of EI were derived indicating the level of survivorship of these malaria vectors. The proportion of areas increasing or decreasing in level of survival of these malaria vectors will be more pronounced in eastern and southern African countries than those in western Africa. Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, South Africa and Zambia appear most likely to be affected in terms of absolute change of malaria vectors suitability zones under the selected climate change scenarios. Conclusion: The potential shifts of these malaria vectors have implications for human exposure to malaria, as recrudescence of the disease is likely to be recorded in several new areas and regions. Therefore, the need to develop, compile and share malaria preventive measures, which can be adapted to different climatic scenarios, remains crucial.","Juarez, Henry/0000-0002-8535-7089",1476-072X,2014,10.1186/1476-072X-13-12,yes,yes,yes,Envelope,CLIMEX,Occurrence,Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa data clearinghouse,na,"2535 occurrence records, but unclear how many of each species",,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis,"Weather station data (C), Climatic Research Unit (C)",,"temperature, rainfall, relative humidity from Climatic Research Unit",not specified,no discussion of collinearity,yes,graphed gain/loss of suitability by country
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Sinka, ME; Bangs, MJ; Manguin, S; Chareonviriyaphap, T; Patil, AP; Temperley, WH; Gething, PW; Elyazar, IRF; Kabaria, CW; Harbach, RE; Hay, SI","Sinka, Marianne E.; Bangs, Michael J.; Manguin, Sylvie; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap; Patil, Anand P.; Temperley, William H.; Gething, Peter W.; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Kabaria, Caroline W.; Harbach, Ralph E.; Hay, Simon I.","The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: The final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria is presented here. The first publication examined the DVS from the Americas, with the second covering those species present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Here we discuss the 19 DVS of the Asian-Pacific region. This region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence of a high number of species complexes and suspected species complexes, and behavioural plasticity of many of these major vectors, adds a level of entomological complexity not comparable elsewhere globally. To try and untangle the intricacy of the vectors of this region and to increase the effectiveness of vector control interventions, an understanding of the contemporary distribution of each species, combined with a synthesis of the current knowledge of their behaviour and ecology is needed. Results: Expert opinion (EO) range maps, created with the most up-to-date expert knowledge of each DVS distribution, were combined with a contemporary database of occurrence data and a suite of open access, environmental and climatic variables. Using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modelling method, distribution maps of each DVS were produced. The occurrence data were abstracted from the formal, published literature, plus other relevant sources, resulting in the collation of DVS occurrence at 10116 locations across 31 countries, of which 8853 were successfully geo-referenced and 7430 were resolved to spatial areas that could be included in the BRT model. A detailed summary of the information on the bionomics of each species and species complex is also presented. Conclusions: This article concludes a project aimed to establish the contemporary global distribution of the DVS of malaria. The three articles produced are intended as a detailed reference for scientists continuing research into the aspects of taxonomy, biology and ecology relevant to species-specific vector control. This research is particularly relevant to help unravel the complicated taxonomic status, ecology and epidemiology of the vectors of the Asia-Pacific region. All the occurrence data, predictive maps and EO-shape files generated during the production of these publications will be made available in the public domain. We hope that this will encourage data sharing to improve future iterations of the distribution maps.","Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164; Gething, Peter/0000-0001-6759-5449; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap/0000-0002-7362-5621; Kabaria, Caroline/0000-0002-5641-5243",1756-3305,2011,10.1186/1756-3305-4-89,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,Occurrence,literature review,na,"7430 sites total; 424 an aconitus, 496 an annularis, 14 an balabacensis, 872 an barbirostris, 550 an culicifacies, 372 an dirus, 1465 an farauti, 103 an flavirostris, 83 an fluviatilis, 325 an koliensis, 47 an lesteri, 12 an leucosphyrus and an latens, 471 an maculatus group, 445 an minimus, 379 an punctulatus, 568 an sinensis, 261 an stephensi, 410 an subpictus, 133 an sundaicus",,not specified,Asia Pacific Region,Regional,Anopheles,"An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. balabacensis, An. barbirostris, An. culicifacies, An. dirus, An. farauti, An. flavirostris, An. fluviatilis, An. koliensis, An. lesteri, An. leucosphyrus, An. maculatus, An. minimus, An. punctulatus, An. sinensis, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus","Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (C, T, LC), WorldClim (C), Globcover (LC)",LST,"elevation, precipitation, land surface temperature, middle infrared radiation, ndvi, 22 categories of land cover","For An. dirus complex: phase of the annual cycle of LST, and amplitude of the annual cycle of preciptitation.",no discussion of collinearity,no,used fourier transforms on explanatory variables to summarize multitemporal data
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Sinka, ME; Bangs, MJ; Manguin, S; Rubio-Palis, Y; Chareonviriyaphap, T; Coetzee, M; Mbogo, CM; Hemingway, J; Patil, AP; Temperley, WH; Gething, PW; Kabaria, CW; Burkot, TR; Harbach, RE; Hay, SI","Sinka, Marianne E.; Bangs, Michael J.; Manguin, Sylvie; Rubio-Palis, Yasmin; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap; Coetzee, Maureen; Mbogo, Charles M.; Hemingway, Janet; Patil, Anand P.; Temperley, William H.; Gething, Peter W.; Kabaria, Caroline W.; Burkot, Thomas R.; Harbach, Ralph E.; Hay, Simon I.",A global map of dominant malaria vectors,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Global maps, in particular those based on vector distributions, have long been used to help visualise the global extent of malaria. Few, however, have been created with the support of a comprehensive and extensive evidence-based approach. Methods: Here we describe the generation of a global map of the dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria that makes use of predicted distribution maps for individual species or species complexes. Results: Our global map highlights the spatial variability in the complexity of the vector situation. In Africa, An. gambiae, An. arabiensis and An. funestus are co-dominant across much of the continent, whereas in the Asian-Pacific region there is a highly complex situation with multi-species coexistence and variable species dominance. Conclusions: The competence of the mapping methodology to accurately portray DVS distributions is discussed. The comprehensive and contemporary database of species-specific spatial occurrence (currently available on request) will be made directly available via the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) website from early 2012.","Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164; Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Coetzee, Maureen/0000-0003-2019-866X; Hemingway, Janet/0000-0002-3200-7173; Gething, Peter/0000-0001-6759-5449; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap/0000-0002-7362-5621; Kabaria, Caroline/0000-0002-5641-5243",1756-3305,2012,10.1186/1756-3305-5-69,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,occurrence,Literature review,na,15837,,not specified,Global,Global,Anopheles,"An. freeborni, An. pseudopunctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus, An. albimanus, An. albitarsis, An. aquasalis, An. darlingi, An. marajoara, An. nuneztovari, An. atroparvus, An. labranchiae, An. messeae, An. sacharovi, An. sergentii, An. superpictus, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. gambiae, An. melas, An. merus, An. moucheti, An. nili, An. barbirostris, An. lesteri, An. sinensis, An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. balabacensis, An. culicifacies, An. dirus, An. farauti, An. flavirostris, An. fluviatilis, An. koliensis, An. leucosphyrus, An. maculatus, An. minimus, An. punctulatus, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus","Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (C, T, LC), WorldClim (C), Globcover (LC)",Not specified,not specified,not specified,no,no,Did not discribe input covariates
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kraemer, MUG; Sinka, ME; Duda, KA; Mylne, AQN; Shearer, FM; Barker, CM; Moore, CG; Carvalho, RG; Coelho, GE; Van Bortel, W; Hendrickx, G; Schaffner, F; Elyazar, IRF; Teng, HJ; Brady, OJ; Messina, JP; Pigott, DM; Scott, TW; Smith, DL; Wint, GRW; Golding, N; Hay, SI","Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Sinka, Marianne E.; Duda, Kirsten A.; Mylne, Adrian Q. N.; Shearer, Freya M.; Barker, Christopher M.; Moore, Chester G.; Carvalho, Roberta G.; Coelho, Giovanini E.; Van Bortel, Wim; Hendrickx, Guy; Schaffner, Francis; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Teng, Hwa-Jen; Brady, Oliver J.; Messina, Jane P.; Pigott, David M.; Scott, Thomas W.; Smith, David L.; Wint, G. R. William; Golding, Nick; Hay, Simon I.",The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus,ELIFE,"Dengue and chikungunya are increasing global public health concerns due to their rapid geographical spread and increasing disease burden. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of their shared vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus remains incomplete and is complicated by an ongoing range expansion fuelled by increased global trade and travel. Mapping the global distribution of these vectors and the geographical determinants of their ranges is essential for public health planning. Here we compile the largest contemporary database for both species and pair it with relevant environmental variables predicting their global distribution. We show Aedes distributions to be the widest ever recorded; now extensive in all continents, including North America and Europe. These maps will help define the spatial limits of current autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is only with this kind of rigorous entomological baseline that we can hope to project future health impacts of these viruses.","Barker, Christopher/0000-0002-7941-346X; Smith, David L/0000-0003-4367-3849; Brady, Oliver/0000-0002-3235-2129; Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Wint, William/0000-0003-0916-0847; Schaffner, Francis/0000-0001-9166-7617; Pigott, David/0000-0002-6731-4034; Van Bortel, Wim/0000-0002-6644-518X; Golding, Nick/0000-0001-8916-5570",2050-084X,2015,10.7554/eLife.08347,yes,yes,yes,CTA,BRT,Occurrence,literature review; national surveillance data,na,19930 ae aegypti; 22137 ae albopictus,,"adults, pupae, larvae, eggs",Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC), GRUMP (LC)",temperature as a binary mask and as a temperature suitability index,"EVI, max and minimum annual precipitation; urbanization",temperature suitability most important for both species,used penalized forward stepwise search and cross-validation method,no,used other aedes species as negative points to consider sampling bias
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Luhken, R; Czajka, C; Steinke, S; Jost, H; Schmidt-Chanasit, J; Pfitzner, W; Becker, N; Kiel, E; Kruger, A; Tannich, E","Luehken, R.; Czajka, C.; Steinke, S.; Joest, H.; Schmidt-Chanasit, J.; Pfitzner, W.; Becker, N.; Kiel, E.; Krueger, A.; Tannich, E.",Distribution of individual members of the mosquito Anopheles maculipennis complex in Germany identified by newly developed real-time PCR assays,MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY,"Owing to their role as vectors of malaria parasites, species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Meigen were intensively studied in the past, but with the disappearance of malaria in Germany in the middle of the last century, the interest in this field of research declined. A comprehensive ecological analysis of the current species distribution for Germany is lacking. Between 2010 and 2013, a total of 1445 mosquitoes of the An. maculipennis complex were collected at 72 different sites in Germany. The samples comprise 722 single individuals as well as 723 individuals in 90 pools of up to 25 mosquitoes. All samples were analysed with newly developed species-specific qPCR assays for the identification of the four German species using nucleotide differences within the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal DNA. All gathered data were used for species distribution modelling. The overall prevalence of An. messeae s.l. was highest with 98.89% of all pools; An. daciae with 6.93% of all individuals and An. messeae s.s. with 69.53%. The prevalence of the other two species was relatively low: An. maculipennis s.s. with 13.30% of all individuals (6.67% of all pools) and An. atroparvus with 1.80% of all individuals (1.11% of all pools).","Luhken, Renke/0000-0002-1984-839X",0269-283X,2016,10.1111/mve.12161,yes,yes,yes,CTA,random forest,Occurrence,adult sampling,"CO2 suction traps (Biogents Sentinal trap, Heavy Duty Encephalitis Vector Survey trap); gravid traps, larval sampling.",72,,"adults, larvae",Germany,National,Anopheles,"An. maculipennis, Anopheles messeae and Anopheles atroparvus, the newly described sibling species Anopheles daciae","WorldClim (C), European Environment Agency (LC)","annual mean temperature, max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of coldest month bioclim","land cover proportion within 2000 m buffer; altitude, annual mean temperature, max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of coldest month, annual precipitation","an atroparvus increased with decreasing maximum temperature of warmest, but with increased with min temp of coldest; maculipennis positively correlated with annual mean temp; an messeae had negative correlation with max temp, altitude; an dacie opposite of messeae",no discussion of collinearity,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Moyes, CL; Shearer, FM; Huang, Z; Wiebe, A; Gibson, HS; Nijman, V; Mohd-Azlan, J; Brodie, JF; Malaivijitnond, S; Linkie, M; Samejima, H; O'Brien, TG; Trainor, CR; Hamada, Y; Giordano, AJ; Kinnaird, MF; Elyazar, IRF; Sinka, ME; Vythilingam, I; Bangs, MJ; Pigott, DM; Weiss, DJ; Golding, N; Hay, SI","Moyes, Catherine L.; Shearer, Freya M.; Huang, Zhi; Wiebe, Antoinette; Gibson, Harry S.; Nijman, Vincent; Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan; Brodie, Jedediah F.; Malaivijitnond, Suchinda; Linkie, Matthew; Samejima, Hiromitsu; O'Brien, Timothy G.; Trainor, Colin R.; Hamada, Yuzuru; Giordano, Anthony J.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Sinka, Marianne E.; Vythilingam, Indra; Bangs, Michael J.; Pigott, David M.; Weiss, Daniel J.; Golding, Nick; Hay, Simon I.",Predicting the geographical distributions of the macaque hosts and mosquito vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in forested and non-forested areas,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic pathogen, transmitted among macaques and to humans by anopheline mosquitoes. Information on P. knowlesi malaria is lacking in most regions so the first step to understand the geographical distribution of disease risk is to define the distributions of the reservoir and vector species. Methods: We used macaque and mosquito species presence data, background data that captured sampling bias in the presence data, a boosted regression tree model and environmental datasets, including annual data for land classes, to predict the distributions of each vector and host species. We then compared the predicted distribution of each species with cover of each land class. Results: Fine-scale distribution maps were generated for three macaque host species (Macaca fascicularis, M. nemestrina and M. leonina) and two mosquito vector complexes (the Dirus Complex and the Leucosphyrus Complex). The Leucosphyrus Complex was predicted to occur in areas with disturbed, but not intact, forest cover (> 60 % tree cover) whereas the Dirus Complex was predicted to occur in areas with 10-100 % tree cover as well as vegetation mosaics and cropland. Of the macaque species, M. nemestrina was mainly predicted to occur in forested areas whereas M. fascicularis was predicted to occur in vegetation mosaics, cropland, wetland and urban areas in addition to forested areas. Conclusions: The predicted M. fascicularis distribution encompassed a wide range of habitats where humans are found. This is of most significance in the northern part of its range where members of the Dirus Complex are the main P. knowlesi vectors because these mosquitoes were also predicted to occur in a wider range of habitats. Our results support the hypothesis that conversion of intact forest into disturbed forest (for example plantations or timber concessions), or the creation of vegetation mosaics, will increase the probability that members of the Leucosphyrus Complex occur at these locations, as well as bringing humans into these areas. An explicit analysis of disease risk itself using infection data is required to explore this further. The species distributions generated here can now be included in future analyses of P. knowlesi infection risk.","Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan/0000-0001-5513-6237; Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Moyes, Catherine/0000-0002-8028-4079; Golding, Nick/0000-0001-8916-5570; Gibson, Harry/0000-0001-6779-3250",1756-3305,2016,10.1186/s13071-016-1527-0,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,Occurrence,literature review,na,545 Dirus complex; 107 An. Dirus; 49 Leucosphyrus complex,,not specified,SE Asia,Regional,Anopheles,"Anopheles dirus; Dirus complex, Leucosphyrus complex, Leucosphyrus group","MODIS (C, LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Land surface temperature,"EVI, LST, tasseled cap wetness, tasseled cap brightness, proportion land cover classes, elevation, proportion in tact forest cover, proporion disturbed forest cover, human population density",not specified,no discussion of collinearity,no,also modelled macaques
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Sinka, ME; Golding, N; Massey, NC; Wiebe, A; Huang, Z; Hay, SI; Moyes, CL","Sinka, Marianne E.; Golding, Nick; Massey, N. Claire; Wiebe, Antoinette; Huang, Zhi; Hay, Simon I.; Moyes, Catherine L.","Modelling the relative abundance of the primary African vectors of malaria before and after the implementation of indoor, insecticide-based vector control",MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Malaria remains a heavy burden across sub-Saharan Africa where transmission is maintained by some of the world's most efficient vectors. Indoor insecticide-based control measures have significantly reduced transmission, yet elimination remains a distant target. Knowing the relative abundance of the primary vector species can provide transmission models with much needed information to guide targeted control measures. Moreover, understanding how existing interventions are impacting on these relative abundances highlights where alternative control (e.g., larval source management) is needed. Methods: Using the habitat suitability probabilities generated by predictive species distribution models combined with data collated from the literature, a multinomial generalized additive model was applied to produce relative abundance estimates for Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae/Anopheles coluzzii. Using pre-and post-intervention abundance data, estimates of the effect of indoor insecticide-based interventions on these relative abundances were made and are illustrated in post-intervention maps. Results: Conditional effect plots and relative abundance maps illustrate the individual species' predicted habitat suitability and how they interact when in sympatry. Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus show an affinity in habitat preference at the expense of An. gambiae/An. coluzzii, whereas increasing habitat suitability for An. gambiae/An. coluzzii is conversely less suitable for An. arabiensis but has little effect on An. funestus. Indoor insecticide-based interventions had a negative impact on the relative abundance of An. funestus, and a lesser effect on An. arabiensis. Indoor residual spraying had the greatest impact on the relative abundance of An. funestus, and a lesser effect on An. gambiae/An. coluzzii. Insecticide-treated bed nets reduced the relative abundance of both species equally. These results do not indicate changes in the absolute abundance of these species, which may be reduced for all species overall. Conclusions: The maps presented here highlight the interactions between the primary vector species in sub-Saharan Africa and demonstrate that An. funestus is more susceptible to certain indoor-based insecticide interventions than An. gambiae/An. coluzzii, which in turn, is more susceptible than An. arabiensis. This may provide An. arabiensis with a competitive advantage where it is found in sympatry with other more endophilic vectors, and potentially increase the need for outdoor-based vector interventions to deal with any residual transmission barring the way to malaria elimination.","Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Golding, Nick/0000-0001-8916-5570; Moyes, Catherine/0000-0002-8028-4079",1475-2875,2016,10.1186/s12936-016-1187-8,yes,yes,yes,CTA,"BRT habitat suitability, GAM relative abundance",occurrence and abundance,literature ,na,"An. arabiensis (1196), An. funestus (919), An. gambiae/An. coluzzii (1443)",,adults,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. gambiae/An. coluzzii","Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (C, T, LC), WorldClim (C), Globcover (LC)",LST,"NDVI, Precipitation, LST, MIR, DEM, habitat suitability index used as explanatory variable","NDVI, Precipitation, LST, MIR, DEM",,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Wiebe, A; Longbottom, J; Gleave, K; Shearer, FM; Sinka, ME; Massey, NC; Cameron, E; Bhatt, S; Gething, PW; Hemingway, J; Smith, DL; Coleman, M; Moyes, CL","Wiebe, Antoinette; Longbottom, Joshua; Gleave, Katherine; Shearer, Freya M.; Sinka, Marianne E.; Massey, N. Claire; Cameron, Ewan; Bhatt, Samir; Gething, Peter W.; Hemingway, Janet; Smith, David L.; Coleman, Michael; Moyes, Catherine L.",Geographical distributions of African malaria vector sibling species and evidence for insecticide resistance,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Many of the mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission belong to a sibling complex; a taxonomic group of morphologically identical, closely related species. Sibling species often differ in several important factors that have the potential to impact malaria control, including their geographical distribution, resistance to insecticides, biting and resting locations, and host preference. The aim of this study was to define the geographical distributions of dominant malaria vector sibling species in Africa so these distributions can be coupled with data on key factors such as insecticide resistance to aid more focussed, species-selective vector control. Results: Within the Anopheles gambiae species complex and the Anopheles funestus subgroup, predicted geographical distributions for Anopheles coluzzii, An. gambiae (as now defined) and An. funestus (distinct from the subgroup) have been produced for the first time. Improved predicted geographical distributions for Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles melas and Anopheles merus have been generated based on records that were confirmed using molecular identification methods and a model that addresses issues of sampling bias and past changes to the environment. The data available for insecticide resistance has been evaluated and differences between sibling species are apparent although further analysis is required to elucidate trends in resistance. Conclusions: Sibling species display important variability in their geographical distributions and the most important malaria vector sibling species in Africa have been mapped here for the first time. This will allow geographical occurrence data to be coupled with species-specific data on important factors for vector control including insecticide resistance. Species-specific data on insecticide resistance is available for the most important malaria vectors in Africa, namely An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae and An. funestus. Future work to combine these data with the geographical distributions mapped here will allow more focussed and resource-efficient vector control and provide information to greatly improve and inform existing malaria transmission models.","Smith, David L/0000-0003-4367-3849; Hemingway, Janet/0000-0002-3200-7173; Cameron, Ewan/0000-0002-8842-3811; Coleman, Michael/0000-0003-4186-3526; Bhatt, Samir/0000-0002-0891-4611; Moyes, Catherine/0000-0002-8028-4079; Gething, Peter/0000-0001-6759-5449; Longbottom, Joshua/0000-0002-4151-9031",1475-2875,2017,10.1186/s12936-017-1734-y,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,Occurrence,"Malaria Atlas Project, literature review  ",na,2106 an arabiensis; 1086 an coluzzii; 720 an funestus; 1703 an gambiae; 111 an merus; 178 an melas,used sites with molecular confirmation,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"an arabiensis, an coluzzii, an funestus, an gambiae, an merus, an melas","Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), MODIS (C, LC)","land surface temperature, temperature seasonality","land surface temperature, temperature seasonality, wetness, greeness, seasonality in wetness/grenness, elevation, proportional cover of 14 land classes, human population density","members of the Gambiae complex the top two predictors were always related to temperature and/or wetness, or elevation which is closely correlated with both. For An. funestus, land cover types were also strong predictors.",no discussion of collinearity,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Longbottom, J; Browne, AJ; Pigott, DM; Sinka, ME; Golding, N; Hay, SI; Moyes, CL; Shearer, FM","Longbottom, Joshua; Browne, Annie J.; Pigott, David M.; Sinka, Marianne E.; Golding, Nick; Hay, Simon I.; Moyes, Catherine L.; Shearer, Freya M.","Mapping the spatial distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) within areas of Japanese encephalitis risk",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most significant aetiological agents of viral encephalitis in Asia. This medically important arbovirus is primarily spread from vertebrate hosts to humans by the mosquito vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of this vector species is lacking, and efforts to define areas of disease risk greatly depend on a thorough understanding of the variation in this mosquito's geographical distribution. Results: We assembled a contemporary database of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence records within Japanese encephalitis risk areas from formal literature and other relevant resources, resulting in 1,045 geo-referenced, spatially and temporally unique presence records spanning from 1928 to 2014 (71.9% of records obtained between 2001 and 2014). These presence data were combined with a background dataset capturing sample bias in our presence dataset, along with environmental and socio-economic covariates, to inform a boosted regression tree model predicting environmental suitability for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus at each 5 x 5 km gridded cell within areas of JE risk. The resulting fine-scale map highlights areas of high environmental suitability for this species across India, Nepal and China that coincide with areas of high JE incidence, emphasising the role of this vector in disease transmission and the utility of the map generated. Conclusions: Our map contributes towards efforts determining the spatial heterogeneity in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus distribution within the limits of JE transmission. Specifically, this map can be used to inform vector control programs and can be used to identify key areas where the prevention of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus establishment should be a priority.","Hay, Simon I/0000-0002-0611-7272; Longbottom, Joshua/0000-0002-4151-9031; Moyes, Catherine/0000-0002-8028-4079",1756-3305,2017,10.1186/s13071-017-2086-8,yes,yes,yes,CTA,BRT,Occurrence,"literature, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, VectorMap",na,1045,,not specified,"India, Nepal, China",Regional,Culex,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"MODIS (C, LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",mean day land surface temperature; standard deviation day land surface temperature; mean night land surface temperature; standard deviation land surface temperature,"mean day land surface temperature; standard deviation day land surface temperature; mean night land surface temperature; standard deviation land surface temperature ; tasselled cap wetness mean; taselled cap wetness standard deviation; tasselled cap brightness standard deviation; srtm elevation; proportional cover of closed shrublands, open shrublands, woody savannas, grasslands, permanent wetlands, croplands, natural cropland vegetation mosaic, urban and built-up, barren or sparsely populated","most important predictors were land surface temperature day standard deviation; then elevation, LST night mean and LST day mean",Excluded with > 0.7,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Ducheyne, E; Minh, NNT; Haddad, N; Bryssinckx, W; Buliva, E; Simard, F; Malik, MR; Charlier, J; De Waele, V; Mahmoud, O; Mukhtar, M; Bouattour, A; Hussain, A; Hendrickx, G; Roiz, D","Ducheyne, Els; Nhu Nguyen Tran Minh; Haddad, Nabil; Bryssinckx, Ward; Buliva, Evans; Simard, Frederic; Malik, Mamunur Rahman; Charlier, Johannes; De Waele, Valerie; Mahmoud, Osama; Mukhtar, Muhammad; Bouattour, Ali; Hussain, Abdulhafid; Hendrickx, Guy; Roiz, David",Current and future distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS,"Background: Aedes-borne diseases as dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are an emerging problem worldwide, being transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Lack of up to date information about the distribution of Aedes species hampers surveillance and control. Global databases have been compiled but these did not capture data in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and any models built using these datasets fail to identify highly suitable areas where one or both species may occur. The first objective of this study was therefore to update the existing Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895) compendia and the second objective was to generate species distribution models targeted to the EMR. A final objective was to engage the WHO points of contacts within the region to provide feedback and hence validate all model outputs. Methods: The Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus compendia provided by Kraemer et al. (Sci Data 2: 150035, 2015; Dryad Digit Repos, 2015) were used as starting points. These datasets were extended with more recent species and disease data. In the next step, these sets were filtered using the Koppen-Geiger classification and the Mahalanobis distance. The occurrence data were supplemented with pseudo-absence data as input to Random Forests. The resulting suitability and maximum risk of establishment maps were combined into hard-classified maps per country for expert validation. Results: The EMR datasets consisted of 1995 presence locations for Ae. aegypti and 2868 presence locations for Ae. albopictus. The resulting suitability maps indicated that there exist areas with high suitability and/or maximum risk of establishment for these disease vectors in contrast with previous model output. Precipitation and host availability, expressed as population density and night-time lights, were the most important variables for Ae. aegypti. Host availability was the most important predictor in case of Ae. albopictus. Internal validation was assessed geographically. External validation showed high agreement between the predicted maps and the experts' extensive knowledge of the terrain. Conclusion: Maps of distribution and maximum risk of establishment were created for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for the WHO EMR. These region-specific maps highlighted data gaps and these gaps will be filled using targeted monitoring and surveillance. This will increase the awareness and preparedness of the different countries for Aedes borne diseases.","SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329; Roiz, David/0000-0002-5819-3648",1476-072X,2018,10.1186/s12942-018-0125-0,Yes,yes,yes,CTA,Random forest,Occurrence,"sampling, literature review",not specified,,generated pseudo-absences outside of surface range envelope presence-only modelled area,not specified,Eastern Mediterranean,Regional,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), EDENext (C), NASA DMSP (RS), FAO LADA (LC), GRUMP (LC)",bioclim,"elevation, all bioclim, fourier transforms of temperature, precipitation, nighttime light, NDVI, human population density","precip, population density most important for aegypti; pop density, mean dirunal range most important for albopictus",no discussion of collinearity,no,"22 member states: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypti, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen; trained models using presence points from areas environmentally similar to EMR due to sparse sampling there"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Hertig, E","Hertig, Elke",Distribution of Anopheles vectors and potential malaria transmission stability in Europe and the Mediterranean area under future climate change,PARASITES & VECTORS,"BackgroundIn the scope of climate change the possible recurrence and/or expansion of vector-borne diseases poses a major concern. The occurrence of vector competent Anopheles species as well as favorable climatic conditions may lead to the re-emergence of autochthonous malaria in Europe and the Mediterranean area. However, high-resolution assessments of possible changes of Anopheles vector distributions and of potential malaria transmission stability in the European-Mediterranean area under changing climatic conditions during the course of the 21st century are not available yet.MethodsBoosted Regression Trees are applied to relate climate variables and land cover classes to vector occurrences. Changes in future vector distributions and potential malaria transmission stability due to climate change are assessed using state-of-the art regional climate model simulations.ResultsDistinct changes in the distributions of the dominant vectors of human malaria are to be expected under climate change. In general, temperature and precipitation changes will lead to a northward spread of the occurrences of Anopheles vectors. Yet, for some Mediterranean areas, occurrence probabilities may decline.ConclusionsPotential malaria transmission stability is increased in areas where the climatic changes favor vector occurrences as well as significantly impact the vectorial capacity. As a result, vector stability shows the highest increases between historical and future periods for the southern and south-eastern European areas. Anopheles atroparvus, the dominant vector in large parts of Europe, might play an important role with respect to changes of the potential transmission stability.","Hertig, Elke/0000-0002-6934-9468",1756-3305,2019,10.1186/s13071-018-3278-6,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,Occurrence,"Malaria Atlas Project library, literature review",na,1000,also selected 1000 absence points from outside rectilinear surface range envelope,not specified,Meditteranean/S. Europe,Regional,Anopheles,"An. Atroparvus, an. Labranchiae, an. Messeae, an. Sacharovi, an. Sergentii, an. Superpictus","E-OBS (C), GlobCover3 (LC)",monthly temperature mean/min/max from daily European Climate Assessment and Dataset,"monthly temperature, monthly total precipitation, land cover data","atroparvus most important predictors were temperature conditions in early spring; an. Labranchiae also temperature in early spring, sacharovie and superpictus most related to max temperature in early spring, an messeae mean temperature in spring, also superpictus high max temps in autumn, sergentii by rainfall conditions in summer",no discussion of collinearity,yes,future models
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Khan, SU; Ogden, NH; Fazil, AA; Gachon, PH; Dueymes, GU; Greer, AL; Ng, V","Khan, Salah Uddin; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Fazil, Aamir A.; Gachon, Philippe H.; Dueymes, Guillaume U.; Greer, Amy L.; Ng, Victoria",Current and Projected Distributions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Canada and the US,ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES,"BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are mosquito vectors of more than 22 arboviruses that infect humans. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to develop regional ecological niche models for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the conterminous United States and Canada with current observed and simulated climate and land-use data using boosted regression trees (BRTs). METHODS: We used BRTs to assess climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Canada and the United States under current and future projected climates. RESULTS: Models for both species were mostly influenced by minimum daily temperature and demonstrated high accuracy for predicting their geographic ranges under the current climate. The northward range expansion of suitable niches for both species was projected under future climate models. Much of the United States and parts of southern Canada are projected to be suitable for both species by 2100, with Ae. albopictus projected to expand its range north earlier this century and further north than Ae. aegypti. DISCUSSION: Our projections suggest that the suitable ecological niche for Aedes will expand with climate change in Canada and the United States, thus increasing the risk of Aedes-transmitted arboviruses. Increased surveillance for these vectors and the pathogens they carry would be prudent.",,0091-6765,2020,10.1289/EHP5899,Yes,yes,yes,CTA,Boosted regression tree,Occurrence,Literature review,na,"341 Ae. aegypti, 2954 ae albopictus",,not specified,United States and Canada,Regional,Aedes,ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus,"MODIS (C, LC), MERRA-2 (C), GRUMP (LC)",MODIS LST,"MODIS for temperature and vegetation index, precipitation from Modern Era Retrospecive analysis for Research and Applications, urban land cover data from Global Rural-Urban Mapping project","key predictors aegypti: average minimum daily temperature, annual max daily temp, mean daily temp in January; for albopictus, annual minimum daily temperature, annual average numer of days > 10 C",did not discuss collinearity,yes,did future projections
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Shyam Polineni; Om Shastri; Avi Bagchi; Govind Gnanakumar; Sujay Rasamsetti; Prabha Sundaravadivel ,,MOSQUITO EDGE: An Edge-Intelligent Real-Time Mosquito Threat Prediction Using an IoT-Enabled Hardware System,SENSORS,"Species distribution models (SDMs) that use climate variables to make binary predictions are effective tools for niche prediction in current and future climate scenarios. In this study, a Hutchinson hypervolume is defined with temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation, and cloud cover climate vectors collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that were matched to mosquito presence and absence points extracted from NASA’s citizen science platform called GLOBE Observer and the National Ecological Observatory Network. An 86% accurate Random Forest model that operates on binary classification was created to predict mosquito threat. Given a location and date input, the model produces a threat level based on the number of decision trees that vote for a presence label. The feature importance chart and regression show a positive, linear correlation between humidity and mosquito threat and between temperature and mosquito threat below a threshold of 28 °C. In accordance with the statistical analysis and ecological wisdom, high threat clusters in warm, humid regions and low threat clusters in cold, dry regions were found. With the model running on the cloud and within ArcGIS Dashboard, accurate and granular real-time threat level predictions can be made at any latitude and longitude. A device leveraging Global Positioning System (GPS) smartphone technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect and analyze data on the edge was developed. The data from the edge device along with its respective date and location collected are automatically inputted into the aforementioned Random Forest model to provide users with a real-time threat level prediction. This inexpensive hardware can be used in developing countries that are threatened by vector-borne diseases or in remote areas without cloud connectivity. Such devices can be linked with citizen science mosquito data platforms to build training datasets for machine learning based SDMs.","Shyam Polineni/0000-0002-6132-0863, Om Shastri/0000-0002-9136-631X, Avi Bagchi/0000-0001-8720-3123, Govind Gnanakumar/0000-0002-9615-8990, Sujay Rasamsetti and Prabha Sundaravadivel/0000-0001-5045-2468",1424-8220,2022,10.3390/s22020695,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Random Forest,Occurrence,Globe Observer,CO2 traps,,,adults and larvae,,Global,Multiple,Aedes sp. and Culex sp.,Storm Glass (C),Stormglass,"humidity, pressure, cloud cover, and precipitation","humidity, pressure, cloud cover, and precipitation",,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Ayala, D; Costantini, C; Ose, K; Kamdem, GC; Antonio-Nkondjio, C; Agbor, JP; Awono-Ambene, P; Fontenille, D; Simard, F","Ayala, Diego; Costantini, Carlo; Ose, Kenji; Kamdem, Guy C.; Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe; Agbor, Jean-Pierre; Awono-Ambene, Parfait; Fontenille, Didier; Simard, Frederic",Habitat suitability and ecological niche profile of major malaria vectors in Cameroon,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Suitability of environmental conditions determines a species distribution in space and time. Understanding and modelling the ecological niche of mosquito disease vectors can, therefore, be a powerful predictor of the risk of exposure to the pathogens they transmit. In Africa, five anophelines are responsible for over 95% of total malaria transmission. However, detailed knowledge of the geographic distribution and ecological requirements of these species is to date still inadequate. Methods: Indoor-resting mosquitoes were sampled from 386 villages covering the full range of ecological settings available in Cameroon, Central Africa. Using a predictive species distribution modeling approach based only on presence records, habitat suitability maps were constructed for the five major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles nili and Anopheles moucheti. The influence of 17 climatic, topographic, and land use variables on mosquito geographic distribution was assessed by multivariate regression and ordination techniques. Results: Twenty-four anopheline species were collected, of which 17 are known to transmit malaria in Africa. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, Habitat Suitability modeling and Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed marked differences among the five major malaria vector species, both in terms of ecological requirements and niche breadth. Eco-geographical variables (EGVs) related to human activity had the highest impact on habitat suitability for the five major malaria vectors, with areas of low population density being of marginal or unsuitable habitat quality. Sunlight exposure, rainfall, evapo-transpiration, relative humidity, and wind speed were among the most discriminative EGVs separating forest from savanna species. Conclusions: The distribution of major malaria vectors in Cameroon is strongly affected by the impact of humans on the environment, with variables related to proximity to human settings being among the best predictors of habitat suitability. The ecologically more tolerant species An. gambiae and An. funestus were recorded in a wide range of eco-climatic settings. The other three major vectors, An. arabiensis, An. moucheti, and An. nili, were more specialized. Ecological niche and species distribution modelling should help improve malaria vector control interventions by targeting places and times where the impact on vector populations and disease transmission can be optimized.","Ayala, Diego/0000-0003-4726-580X; Costantini, Carlo/0000-0003-1016-129X; SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329; Ose, Kenji/0000-0003-1191-0555",,2009,10.1186/1475-2875-8-307,yes,yes,yes,Other,Ecological Niche Factor Analysis,Occurrence,adult sampling,Indoor adult collection following pyrethroid spraying,"308 An gambiae, 205 an funestus, 191 an arabiensis, 37 an moucheti, 38 an nili",,not specified,Cameroon,Sub-national,Anopheles,"Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles nili and Anopheles moucheti","LocClim (C), FAO GLC2000 (LC), Geonet Name Server (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",,"elevation, slope, aspect, hydrographic network, rainfall, temperature, evapo-transpiration, relative humidity, mean number of hours of sunlight per day, wind speed, land cover type, distance to human settlements, distance to road networks","All 5 vectors were highly positively associated with variables related to human activity, including proximity to localities, roads, and croplands. An. gambiae, An. funestus and An. arabiensis were positively correlated to increasing evapo-transpiration, sunlight exposure, temperature, and wind speed and were negatively correlated to increased water vapour pressure, rainfall and the presence of rainforest. The opposite pattern was observed for An. nili and An. mouchet.",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Monaghan, AJ; Eisen, RJ; Eisen, L; McAllister, J; Savage, HM; Mutebi, JP; Johansson, MA","Monaghan, Andrew J.; Eisen, Rebecca J.; Eisen, Lars; McAllister, Janet; Savage, Harry M.; Mutebi, John-Paul; Johansson, Michael A.",Consensus and uncertainty in the geographic range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the contiguous United States: Multi-model assessment and synthesis,PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY,"Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Limited surveillance has led to uncertainty regarding the geographic ranges of these vectors globally, and particularly in regions at the present-day margins of habitat suitability such as the contiguous United States. Empirical habitat suitability models based on environmental conditions can augment surveillance gaps to describe the estimated potential species ranges, but model accuracy is unclear. We identified previously published regional and global habitat suitability models for Ae. aegypti (n = 6) and Ae. albopictus (n = 8) for which adequate information was available to reproduce the models for the contiguous U.S. Using a training subset of recently updated county-level surveillance records of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and records of counties conducting surveillance, we constructed accuracy-weighted, probabilistic ensemble models from these base models. To assess accuracy and uncertainty we compared individual and ensemble model predictions of species presence or absence to both training and testing data. The ensemble models were among the most accurate and also provided calibrated probabilities of presence for each species. The quantitative probabilistic framework enabled identification of areas with high uncertainty and model bias across the U.S. where improved models or additional data could be most beneficial. The results may be of immediate utility for counties considering surveillance and control programs for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the assessment framework can drive future efforts to provide validated quantitative estimates to support these programs at local, national, and international scales. Author summary Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, yet because of limited data the edges of the geographic range of these important species remain uncertain. We assessed numerous previously published model-based estimates of the range of these mosquitoes in the United States and combined those models to produce calibrated estimates of the probability of finding each mosquito in each county. Comparing these estimates to county-level data, we found that there are areas of substantial uncertainty and specific areas where model-based predictions do not align well with available data. The results provide specific information that can help guide national- or state-level efforts to monitor and control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Beyond the specific findings, this approach to leveraging limited data and multiple quantitative models can be employed in other settings to better characterize the distribution of these species and other medically important vectors globally.","Johansson, Michael/0000-0002-5090-7722",1553-734X,2019,10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007369,Yes,yes,yes,Ensemble,probabilistic ensemble,Occurrence,national surveillance database,na,291 ae aegypti; 1568 ae albopictus,,not specified,USA,Sub-national,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim (C),exact format unclear,"temperature, precipitation, bioclim variables, EVI, urban land cover, relative humidity, growing degree days",not specified,,no,compiled previously done models for ensemble
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Simons, RRL; Croft, S; Rees, E; Tearne, O; Arnold, ME; Johnson, N","Simons, Robin R. L.; Croft, Simon; Rees, Eleanor; Tearne, Oliver; Arnold, Mark E.; Johnson, Nicholas",Using species distribution models to predict potential hot-spots for Rift Valley Fever establishment in the United Kingdom,PLOS ONE,"Vector borne diseases are a continuing global threat to both human and animal health. The ability of vectors such as mosquitos to cover large distances and cross country borders undetected provide an ever-present threat of pathogen spread. Many diseases can infect multiple vector species, such that even if the climate is not hospitable for an invasive species, indigenous species may be susceptible and capable of transmission such that one incursion event could lead to disease establishment in these species. Here we present a consensus modelling methodology to estimate the habitat suitability for presence of mosquito species in the UK deemed competent for Rift Valley fever virus (RVF) and demonstrate its application in an assessment of the relative risk of establishment of RVF virus in the UK livestock population. The consensus model utilises observed UK mosquito surveillance data, along with climatic and geographic prediction variables, to inform six independent species distribution models; the results of which are combined to produce a single prediction map. As a livestock host is needed to transmit RVF, we then combine the consensus model output with existing maps of sheep and cattle density to predict the areas of the UK where disease is most likely to establish in local mosquito populations. The model results suggest areas of high suitability for RVF competent mosquito species across the length and breadth of the UK. Notable areas of high suitability were the South West of England and coastal areas of Wales, the latter of which was subsequently predicted to be at higher risk for establishment of RVF due to higher livestock densities. This study demonstrates the applicability of outputs of species distribution models to help predict hot-spots for risk of disease establishment. While there is still uncertainty associated with the outputs we believe that the predictions are an improvement on just using the raw presence points from a database alone. The outputs can also be used as part of a multidisciplinary approach to inform risk based disease surveillance activities.","Rees, Eleanor/0000-0002-4993-2795",1932-6203,2019,10.1371/journal.pone.0225250,yes,yes,yes,Ensemble,Ensemble of bioclim; multiple generalised linear model; support vector machines; MaxEnt; boosted regression trees; random forest,,UK National Biodiversity Network,na,Not specified,,not specified,United Kingdom,National,Multiple,"Anopheles claviger, Anopheles messeae, Anopheles atroparvus, Culiseta annulata, Aedes detritus","Weather station data (C), UK Land Cover Map 2007 (LC)","UK Met Office averaged monthly averages at 1 km resolution; min, mean daily temperature","Suburban, average daily lowest temperature, arable land, urban land, sunsine duration, relative humidity, improved grassland, broadleaf woodland, number of days with snow, rough grassland, fen marsh and swamp, coniferous woodland, inland rock, acid grassland, ct very rainy days, heather grassland, heather, freshwater, neutral grassland, littoral sediment, supra littoral sediment, saltmarsh, montaine habita, saltwater, calcareous grassland, altitude, littoral rock, supra littoral rock, average daily maximum temperature, average daily temp, total monthly rainfall, ct. any rainy days,count of days with snow on ground","altitude, urban, arable/horticultural land most important",,no,"Selected background/absence points from sites where other mosquitos, but not RVF vectors, had been found"
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Peterson, AT; Vieglais, DA; Andreasen, JK","Peterson, AT; Vieglais, DA; Andreasen, JK",Migratory birds modeled as critical transport agents for West Nile Virus in North America,VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES,"West Nile Virus has spread more rapidly than expected in the Western Hemisphere. We tested Culex mosquitoes and long-distance migratory birds as potential agents of spread for the virus, using a series of techniques, as follows. (1) Mosquito vector distributions were modeled using an ecological niche modeling approach (GARP) to produce a map of suitability of the landscape for mosquito transmission of the virus. (2) Simulations of spread were developed with an algorithm originally developed for modeling the spread of wildfires (EMBYR), seeding an initial presence of the virus in the New York City area. (3) Alternative spread scenarios were developed as (a) just mosquitoes as movement agents (spread simulation seeded once at New York City and allowed to spread across the mosquito suitability surface), versus (b) spread via mosquitoes on local scales in tandem with long-distance colonization with migratory birds as movement agents (spread simulation seeded once at New York City, and again at sites sampled from the winter destinations of birds breeding in southeastern New York State). The first scenario (mosquitoes only) did not coincide with observed patterns of spread, whereas the second (mosquitoes and migratory birds) coincided closely, suggesting that observed patterns of spread are best explained with migratory birds as critical long-distance transport agents; the virus, in regions to which it is transported by migratory birds, then is transmitted enzootically via mosquitoes. Similar simulations of spread were used to predict extensions of the virus in the Western Hemisphere in coming years.","Vieglais, Dave/0000-0002-6513-4996; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",1530-3667,2003,10.1089/153036603765627433,Yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit,na,"24 Culx pipiens, 36 Culex restuans, 26 Cx. Salinarius",,not specified,North America,Regional,Culex,"Culex pipiens, Culex restuans, Culex salinarius","IPCC (C), USGS Hydro(T)","max, min, mean temperature from IPCC","elevation, slope, aspect, topographic index, annual mean cloud cover, wind wpeed, max, min, mean temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, diurnal temperature range, and freeze days",na,no discussion of collinearity,no,no discussion of contribution of environmental variables
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Levine, RS; Peterson, AT; Benedict, MQ","Levine, RS; Peterson, AT; Benedict, MQ",Distribution of members of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say s.l. (Diptera : Culicidae) and implications for their roles in malaria transmission in the United States,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"The Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. (Say) complex consists of at least five species distinguished by distribution, genetic incompatibility, and allele frequencies. However, the distributions of the members have only been described by collection locations. Building on this information and environmental data, preliminary predictions of their distribution were produced using a genetic algorithm and point occurrence data. Based on resulting predicted border areas and undersampled regions, we obtained and analyzed additional geo-referenced specimens and compared their distribution with our preliminary predictions. We found good agreement between the preliminary predictions and the subsequent collections, regardless of the fact that additional specimens were deliberately sought from areas most likely to reveal inconsistencies. Final predicted distributions describe widespread distribution of A.quadrintaculatus throughout the eastern United States. A. maverlius and A. smaragdinus have similar predicted ranges limited to the southeastern United States. The predicted ranges of the sister taxa A. diluvialis and A. inundatus were similar to one another along the southeastern coast even though they seem to be allopatric. The historical role of A. quadrimaculatus s.l. in transmission of malaria was also examined. We conclude that A. quadrimaculatus s.s. was the only species of the complex capable of vectoring malaria in the United States throughout the area in which malaria occurred. However, any or all the members of the complex may have been regionally important, particularly in areas of most intense transmission.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",0022-2585,2004,10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.607,Yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,adult sampling,not specified,404 total,"collected through numerous groups, health departments; molecular ID",adults,United States,Sub-national,Anopheles,"Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. (Say) complex: an diluvialis, an inundatus, an maverlius, an quadrimaculatus, an smaragdinus","IPCC (C), Arc Atlas (T)","daily temperature range, precipitation, mean minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean temperature","daily temperature range, precipitation, mean minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean temperature, vapor pressure, aspect, elevation, slope","Daily temperature range, precipitation, mean minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean temperature, vapor pressure, aspect, elevation, and slope",no discussion of collinearity,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Levine, RS; Peterson, AT; Benedict, MQ","Levine, RS; Peterson, AT; Benedict, MQ",Geographic and ecologic distributions of the Anopheles gambiae complex predicted using a genetic algorithm,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE,"The distribution of the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria vectors in Africa is uncertain due to under-sampling of vast regions. We use ecologic niche modeling to predict the potential distribution of three members of the complex (A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. quadriannulatus) and demonstrate the statistical significance of the models. Predictions correspond well to previous estimates, but provide detail regarding spatial discontinuities in the distribution of A. gambiae s.s. that are consistent with population genetic studies. Our predictions also identify large areas of Africa where the presence of A. arabiensis is predicted, but few specimens have been obtained, suggesting under-sampling of the species. Finally, we project models developed from African distribution data for the late 1900s into the past and to South America to determine retrospectively whether the deadly 1929 introduction of A. gambiae sensu lato into Brazil was more likely that of A. gambiae sensu stricto or A. arabiensis.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",0002-9637,2004,10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.105,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,"literature review, published database",na,"581 an gambiae; 501 an arabiensis, 86 an quadriannulatus",,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. quadriannulatus","IPCC (C), University of Maryland (LC)","annual mean temperature, annual mean maximum temperature, annual mean minimum temperature, daily temperature range,","annual mean temperature, annual mean maximum temperature, annual mean minimum temperature, daily temperature range, frost days, topographic aspect, flow accumulation, topographic index, annual mean precipitation, wet days",not specified,no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Peterson, AT; Martinez-Campos, C; Nakazawa, Y; Martinez-Meyer, E","Peterson, AT; Martinez-Campos, C; Nakazawa, Y; Martinez-Meyer, E",Time-specific ecological niche modeling predicts spatial dynamics of vector insects and human dengue cases,TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE,"Numerous human diseases- malaria, dengue, yellow fever and leishmaniasis, to name a few-are transmitted by insect vectors with brief life cycles and biting activity that varies in both space and time. Although the general geographic distributions of these epidemiologically important species are known, the spatiotemporal variation in their emergence and activity remains poorly understood. We used ecological niche modeling via a genetic algorithm to produce time-specific predictive models of monthly distributions of. Aedes aegypti in Mexico in 1995. Significant predictions of monthly mosquito activity and distributions indicate that predicting spatiotemporal dynamics of disease vector species is feasible; significant coincidence with human cases of dengue indicate that these dynamics probably translate directly into transmission of dengue virus to humans. This approach provides new potential for optimizing use of resources for disease prevention and remediation via automated forecasting of disease transmission risk. (c) 2005 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","Martinez-Meyer, Enrique/0000-0003-1184-9264; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",0035-9203,2005,10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.02.004,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,larval surveys,not specified,,,larvae,Mexico,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (LC), USGS Hydro (T)",no temperature,"elevation, slope, aspect, topographic index, monthly NDVI, monthly NDVI change",NDVI of the collection month,no discussion of collinearity,no,did multi monthly models
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Sweeney, AW; Beebe, NW; Cooper, RD; Bauer, JT; Peterson, AT","Sweeney, A. W.; Beebe, N. W.; Cooper, R. D.; Bauer, J. T.; Peterson, A. T.",Environmental factors associated with distribution and range limits of malaria vector Anopheles farauti in Australia,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Ecological factors associated with the narrow coastal distribution of Anopheles farauti Laveran s.s. were investigated using decision tree software and a recently developed software tool that permits analysis of environmental gradients across distributional boundaries. Significant variables identified by these procedures were then used to develop ecological niche models that permitted detailed-and improved-predictions of the species' overall distribution. These methods identified seven climatic factors (four of temperature factors and three atmospheric moisture factors) from among 40 environmental variables related to the range of this species. In addition, the gradient-analysis tool identified elevation as being particularly important. The distributional hypothesis predicted using ecological niche modeling of these factors included all of the record sites from which An. farauti s.s. was collected in northern Australia and successfully reconstructed its narrow limitation to coastal areas. Omission of elevation from analyses resulted in unrealistic predictions of potential distributional areas > 100 km inland, where the species has not been found.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Beebe, Nigel W/0000-0003-2877-0691",0022-2585,2006,10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1068:EFAWDA]2.0.CO;2,Yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,collections,not specified,,,adults and larvae,Australia,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles farauti,"Australian Bureau of Meteorology (C), ANUCLIM (C), ANUDEM (T),",,,"relative humidity January at 3 pm, temperature range, mean annual relative humidity at 3 pm, Dew point for July at 3 p.m., minimum temp, Dew point for July at 9 a.m., seasonal temp, maximum temp, diurnal temp, relative humidity July 3 pm, elevation",,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Sweeney, AW; Beebe, NW; Cooper, RD","Sweeney, A. W.; Beebe, N. W.; Cooper, R. D.",Analysis of environmental factors influencing the range of anopheline mosquitoes in northern Australia using a genetic algorithm and data mining methods,ECOLOGICAL MODELLING,"Environmental factors which influence the distributions of malaria vectors in northern Australia (Anopheles farauti ss, A. farauti 2 and A. farauti 3) were investigated by ecological niche modelling and data mining using an extensive data set of species presence and absence records obtained by systematic field surveys. Models were generated with GARP (the genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction) using geographical coverages of 41 climatic and topographic parameters for the north of the continent. Environmental variables associated with species records were identified with the ranking procedures of the decision tree software packages CART and KnowledgeSeeker. There was consistent agreement in the variables ranked by both methods. This permitted the selection of reduced sets of environmental variables to develop GARP models for the three target species with equivalent predictive accuracy to those which used all of the environmental information. The environmental parameters which define the realised distributions of A. farauti ss and A. farauti 3 were well described by this approach but the results were less satisfactory for A. farauti 2. Atmospheric moisture was shown to be a critical variable for each species which accords with many field and laboratory observations concerning the influence of humidity on adult mosquito survival. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Beebe, Nigel W/0000-0003-2877-0691",0304-3800,2007,10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.003,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,adult sampling and larval sampling,CO2-baited light traps,"127 an farauti ss, 68 an farauti 2, 120 an farauti 3",,adults and larvae,Australia,Sub-national,Anopheles,"Anopheles farauti ss, A. farauti 2 and A. farauti 3","Australian Bureau of Meteorology (C), ANUCLIM (C), ANUDEM (T),","annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, highest temperature of the weekly maximum temperature, temperature annual range, mean temp of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temp of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter","all bioclim, annual mean radiation, largest weekly radiation estimate, lowest weekly radiation estimate, radiation seasonality, radiation of wettest quarter, radiation of driest quarter, radiation of warmest quarter, radiation of coldest quarter, dew point january morning, dewpoint july morning, dewpoint january afternoon, dewpoint july afternoon, mean annual relative humidity at 9 am, relative humidity january 9 am, relative humidity july 9 am, mean annual relative humidity at 3 pm, relative humidity january at 3 pm, relative humidity july 3 pm, distance from coast, elevation, slope aspect","An. farauti ss: dist. from coat, mean ann. RH at 3PM, Jan. RH at 3PM. An.farauti 2: lowest weekly radiation, radiation of coldest quarter, Jul. dewpoint at 9AM. An. farauti 3: temp. seasonality, ann. precip, Jan. RH at 9AM.",no discussion of collinearity,no,used CART to select most significant variables
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"de Barros, FSM; de Aguiar, DB; Rosa-Freitas, MG; Luitgards-Moura, JF; Gurgel, HD; Honorio, NA; de Arruda, ME; Tsouris, P; Vasconcelos, SD","Monteiro de Barros, Fabio Saito; de Aguiar, Ducineia Barros; Rosa-Freitas, Maria Goreti; Luitgards-Moura, Jose Francisco; Gurgel, Helen da Costa; Honorio, Nildimar Alves; de Arruda, Mercia Eliane; Tsouris, Pantelis; Vasconcelos, Simao Dias",Distribution summaries of malaria vectors in the northern Brazilian Amazon,JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"Knowledge of vector distribution is important for the design of effective local malaria control programs. Here we apply ecological niche modeling to analyze and predict the distributions of malaria vectors based on entomological collection points in the State of Roraima in the northern Brazilian Amazon Basin. Anopheline collections were conducted from 1999 to 2003 at 76 localities, all with active malaria transmission. A total of 13 anopheline species was identified from 17,074 adult females collected: Anopheles darlingi, An. albitarsis s.l., An. nuneztovari, An. triannulatus s.l., An. braziliensis, An. peryassui, An. oswaldoi s.l., An. mattogrossensis, An. strodei, An. evansae, An. squamifemur, An. mediopunctatus s.l., An. intermedius. Anopheles darlingi, and An. albitarsis were the most frequently found species. An. squamifemur was found for the first time in Roraima. A distributional prediction model (genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction-GARP) and environmental variables were used to predicted potential distribution range for six anopheline species that occurred at ! 19 collection points. The method allows for the application of moderate sample sizes to produce distribution maps of vector species that could be used to maximize efficiency of surveys and optimize use of economic resources in epidemiology and control.","Vasconcelos, Simao D/0000-0002-8722-0836; Gurgel, Helen/0000-0002-4250-6742",1081-1710,2007,10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[161:DSOMVI]2.0.CO;2,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,adult sampling,Human bait landing collection,76 total; 67 an albitarsis; 63 an darlingi,,adults,Brazil,Sub-national,Anopheles,"an darlingi, an albitarsis, an braziliensis, an triannulatus, an nuneztovari, an oswaldoi","ANUCLIM (C, LC, T)",max and minimum temperature monthly means,"maximum and minimum temperature monthly means; rainfall monthly means, altitude, soils, vegetation, geology, geomorphology, bioclimatic variables",not specified,no discussion of collinearity,no,
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Rosa-Freitas, MG; Tsouris, P; Peterson, AT; Honorio, NA; de Barros, FSM; de Aguiar, DB; Gurgel, HD; de Arruda, ME; Vasconcelos, SD; Luitgards-Moura, JF","Rosa-Freitas, Maria Goreti; Tsouris, Pantelis; Peterson, A. Townsend; Honorio, Nildimar Alves; Monteiro de Barros, Fabio Saito; de Aguiar, Ducineia Barros; da Costa Gurgel, Helen; de Arruda, Mercia Eliane; Vasconcelos, Simao Dias; Luitgards-Moura, Jose Francisco","An ecoregional classification for the state of Roraima, Brazil. The importance of landscape in malaria biology",MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ,"Understanding the different background landscapes in which malaria transmission occurs is fundamental to understanding malaria epidemiology and to designing effective local malaria control programs. Geology, geomorphology, vegetation, climate, land use, and anopheline distribution were used as a basis for an ecological classification of the state of Roraima, Brazil, in the northern Amazon Basin, focused on the natural history of malaria and transmission. We used unsupervised maximum likelihood classification, principal components analysis, and weighted overlay with equal contribution analyses to fine-scale thematic maps that resulted in clustered regions. We used ecological niche modeling techniques to develop a fine-scale picture of malaria vector distributions in the state. Eight ecoregions were identified and malaria-related aspects are discussed based on this classification, including 5 types of dense tropical rain forest and 3 types of savannah. Ecoregions formed by dense tropical rain forest were named as montane (ecoregion I), submontane (II), plateau (III), lowland (IV), and alluvial ( V). Ecoregions formed by savannah were divided into steppe ( VI, campos de Roraima), savannah (VII, cerrado), and wetland (VIII, campinarana). Such ecoregional mappings are important tools in integrated malaria control programs that aim to identify specific characteristics of malaria transmission, classify transmission risk, and define priority areas and appropriate interventions. For some areas, extension of these approaches to still-finer resolutions will provide an improved picture of malaria transmission patterns.","Gurgel, Helen/0000-0002-4250-6742; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Vasconcelos, Simao D/0000-0002-8722-0836",0074-0276,2007,10.1590/S0074-02762007005000052,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,Sampling,not specified,76 total; 67 an albitarsis; 63 an darlingi,,not specified,Brazil,Sub-national,Anopheles,"An. Darlingi, an albitarsis, an. Nuneztovari, an triannulatus, an braziliensis, an oswaldoi, an peryassui","Agrotecnológica Amazônica Inc. & Ministério do Meio Ambiente (C, LC, T)",no temperature,monthly NDVI,not discussed,not discussed,no,Species SDMs as input into region classification project
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Beebe, NW; Cooper, RD; Mottram, P; Sweeney, AW","Beebe, Nigel W.; Cooper, Robert D.; Mottram, Pipi; Sweeney, Anthony W.",Australia's Dengue Risk Driven by Human Adaptation to Climate Change,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"Background: The reduced rainfall in southeast Australia has placed this region's urban and rural communities on escalating water restrictions, with anthropogenic climate change forecasts suggesting that this drying trend will continue. To mitigate the stress this may place on domestic water supply, governments have encouraged the installation of large domestic water tanks in towns and cities throughout this region. These prospective stable mosquito larval sites create the possibility of the reintroduction of Ae. aegypti from Queensland, where it remains endemic, back into New South Wales and other populated centres in Australia, along with the associated emerging and re-emerging dengue risk if the virus was to be introduced. Methodology/Principal Findings: Having collated the known distribution of Ae. aegypti in Australia, we built distributional models using a genetic algorithm to project Ae. aegypti's distribution under today's climate and under climate change scenarios for 2030 and 2050 and compared the outputs to published theoretical temperature limits. Incongruence identified between the models and theoretical temperature limits highlighted the difficulty of using point occurrence data to study a species whose distribution is mediated more by human activity than by climate. Synthesis of this data with dengue transmission climate limits in Australia derived from historical dengue epidemics suggested that a proliferation of domestic water storage tanks in Australia could result in another range expansion of Ae. aegypti which would present a risk of dengue transmission in most major cities during their warm summer months. Conclusions/Significance: In the debate of the role climate change will play in the future range of dengue in Australia, we conclude that the increased risk of an Ae. aegypti range expansion in Australia would be due not directly to climate change but rather to human adaptation to the current and forecasted regional drying through the installation of large domestic water storing containers. The expansion of this efficient dengue vector presents both an emerging and re-emerging disease risk to Australia. Therefore, if the installation and maintenance of domestic water storage tanks is not tightly controlled, Ae. aegypti could expand its range again and cohabit with the majority of Australia's population, presenting a high potential dengue transmission risk during our warm summers.","Beebe, Nigel W/0000-0003-2877-0691",1935-2735,2009,10.1371/journal.pntd.0000429,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,published literature and unpublished data,na,234,,not specified,Australia,National,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,"ANUCLIM (C, T)","annual mean temperature, max/min temperature for January/July","annual mean temperature, max/min temperature for January/July, elevation, annual rainfall","future expansions will likely happen as humans expand/droughts occur, necessitating water storage",no discussion of collinearity,yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Peterson, AT","Peterson, A. Townsend",Shifting suitability for malaria vectors across Africa with warming climates,BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES,"Background: Climates are changing rapidly, producing warm climate conditions globally not previously observed in modern history. Malaria is of great concern as a cause of human mortality and morbidity, particularly across Africa, thanks in large part to the presence there of a particularly competent suite of mosquito vector species. Methods: I derive spatially explicit estimates of human populations living in regions newly suitable climatically for populations of two key Anopheles gambiae vector complex species in Africa over the coming 50 years, based on ecological niche model projections over two global climate models, two scenarios of climate change, and detailed spatial summaries of human population distributions. Results: For both species, under all scenarios, given the changing spatial distribution of appropriate conditions and the current population distribution, the models predict a reduction of 11.3-30.2% in the percentage of the overall population living in areas climatically suitable for these vector species in coming decades, but reductions and increases are focused in different regions: malaria vector suitability is likely to decrease in West Africa, but increase in eastern and southern Africa. Conclusion: Climate change effects on African malaria vectors shift their distributional potential from west to east and south, which has implications for overall numbers of people exposed to these vector species. Although the total is reduced, malaria is likely to pose novel public health problems in areas where it has not previously been common.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",,2009,10.1186/1471-2334-9-59,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,Literature review,na,581 an gambiae sensu stricto; 501 an arabiensis,,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"an gambiae, an arabiensis","Climatic Research Unit (C), USGS Hydro (T)","annual mean temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature","annual mean temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature, annual precipiation, slope, aspect, compond topographic index",not specified,no discussion of collinearity,yes,future models
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Pech-May, A; Moo-Llanes, DA; Puerto-Avila, MB; Casas, M; Danis-Lozano, R; Ponce, G; Tun-Ku, E; Pinto-Castillo, JF; Villegas, A; Ibanez-Pinon, CR; Gonzalez, C; Ramsey, JM","Pech-May, Angelica; Moo-Llanes, David A.; Belem Puerto-Avila, Maria; Casas, Mauricio; Danis-Lozano, Rogelio; Ponce, Gustavo; Tun-Ku, Ezequiel; Francisco Pinto-Castillo, Jose; Villegas, Alejandro; Ibanez-Pinon, Clemente R.; Gonzalez, Cassandra; Ramsey, Janine M.",Population genetics and ecological niche of invasive Aedes albopictus in Mexico,ACTA TROPICA,"The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is one of the most invasive mosquito species worldwide. In Mexico it is now recorded in 12 states and represents a serious public health problem, given the recent introduction of Chikungunya on the southern border. The aim of this study was to analyze the population genetics of A. albopictus from all major recorded foci, and model its ecological niche. Niche similarity with that from its autochthonous distribution in Asia and other invaded countries were analyzed and its potential future expansion and potential human exposure in climate change scenarios measured. We analyzed 125 sequences of a 317 bp fragment of the cyt b gene from seven A. albopictus populations across Mexico. The samples belong to 25 haplotypes with moderate population structuring (Fst = 0.081, p < 0.02) and population expansion. The most prevalent haplotype, found in all principal sites, was shared with the USA, Brazil, France, Madagascar, and Reunion Island. The ecological niche model using Mexican occurrence records covers 79.7% of the country, and has an 83% overlap with the Asian niche projected to Mexico. Both Neotropical and Nearctic regions are included in the Mexican niche model. Currently in Mexico, 38.6 million inhabitants are exposed to A. albopictus, which is expected to increase to 45.6 million by 2070. Genetic evidence supports collection information that A. albopictus was introduced to Mexico principally by land from the USA and Central and South America. Prevalent haplotypes from Mexico are shared with most invasive regions across the world, just as there was high niche similarity with both natural and invaded regions. The important overlap with the Asian niche model suggests a high potential for the species to disperse to sylvatic regions in Mexico. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Pech-May, Angelica/0000-0003-4942-7788; Gonzalez Acosta, Cassandra/0000-0003-2682-908X",0001-706X,2016,10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.021,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,"Collection of eggs and larvae, literature","Entomological nets, manual aspirators, ovitraps, larval breeding site sampling",207,,eggs and larvae,Mexico,National,Aedes,ae. albopictus,"WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T)","bioclim 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15","bioclim 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, aspect, elevation, slope, topographic index",did not discuss variable contribution,correlation coefficien < 0.75,yes,did future projections
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Lippi, CA; Stewart-Ibarra, AM; Loor, MEFB; Zambrano, JED; Lopez, NAE; Blackburn, JK; Ryan, SJ","Lippi, Catherine A.; Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M.; Loor, M. E. Franklin Bajana; Zambrano, Jose E. Duenas; Lopez, Nelson A. Espinoza; Blackburn, Jason K.; Ryan, Sadie J.",Geographic shifts in Aedes aegypti habitat suitability in Ecuador using larval surveillance data and ecological niche modeling: Implications of climate change for public health vector control,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"Arboviral disease transmission by Aedes mosquitoes poses a major challenge to public health systems in Ecuador, where constraints on health services and resource allocation call for spatially informed management decisions. Employing a unique dataset of larval occurrence records provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health, we used ecological niche models (ENMs) to estimate the current geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti in Ecuador, using mosquito presence as a proxy for risk of disease transmission. ENMs built with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) algorithm and a suite of environmental variables were assessed for agreement and accuracy. The top model of larval mosquito presence was projected to the year 2050 under various combinations of greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and models of climate change. Under current climatic conditions, larval mosquitoes were not predicted in areas of high elevation in Ecuador, such as the Andes mountain range, as well as the eastern portion of the Amazon basin. However, all models projected to scenarios of future climate change demonstrated potential shifts in mosquito distribution, wherein range contractions were seen throughout most of eastern Ecuador, and areas of transitional elevation became suitable for mosquito presence. Encroachment of Ae. aegypti into mountainous terrain was estimated to affect up to 4,215 km(2) under the most extreme scenario of climate change, an area which would put over 12,000 people currently living in transitional areas at risk. This distributional shift into communities at higher elevations indicates an area of concern for public health agencies, as targeted interventions may be needed to protect vulnerable populations with limited prior exposure to mosquito-borne diseases. Ultimately, the results of this study serve as a tool for informing public health policy and mosquito abatement strategies in Ecuador. Author summary The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) is a medically important vector of arboviral diseases in Ecuador, such as dengue fever and chikungunya. Managing Ae. aegypti is a challenge to public health agencies in Latin America, where the use of limited resources must be planned in an efficient, targeted manner. The spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti can be used as a proxy for risk of disease exposure, guiding policy formation and decision-making. We used ecological niche models in this study to predict the range of Ae. aegypti in Ecuador, based on agency larval mosquito surveillance records and layers of environmental predictors (e.g. climate, elevation, and human population). The best models of current range were then projected to the year 2050 under a variety of greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and models of climate change. All modeled future scenarios predicted shifts in the range of Ae. aegypti, allowing us to assess human populations that may be at risk of becoming exposed to Aedes vectored diseases. As climate changes, we predict that communities living in areas of transitional elevation along the Andes mountain range are vulnerable to the expansion of Ae. aegypti.","Ryan, Sadie Jane/0000-0002-4308-6321; Blackburn, Jason/0000-0003-0928-4831; Lippi, Catherine/0000-0002-7988-0324",1935-2735,2019,10.1371/journal.pntd.0007322,yes,yes,yes,GARP,GARP,Occurrence,larval sampling,WHO larval sampling techniques,478,"split into 75% training, 25% testing",larvae,Ecuador,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,WorldClim (C),bioclim,"all bioclim, elevation, human population density","Elevation, GPW, BIO5, BIO7, BIO8, BIO9, BIO10, BIO11, BIO13, BIO15, BIO17, BIO19",no discussion of collinearity,yes,future models
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Moffett, A; Shackelford, N; Sarkar, S","Moffett, Alexander; Shackelford, Nancy; Sarkar, Sahotra",Malaria in Africa: Vector Species' Niche Models and Relative Risk Maps,PLOS ONE,"A central theoretical goal of epidemiology is the construction of spatial models of disease prevalence and risk, including maps for the potential spread of infectious disease. We provide three continent-wide maps representing the relative risk of malaria in Africa based on ecological niche models of vector species and risk analysis at a spatial resolution of 1 arc-minute (9 185 275 cells of approximately 4 sq km). Using a maximum entropy method we construct niche models for 10 malaria vector species based on species occurrence records since 1980, 19 climatic variables, altitude, and land cover data (in 14 classes). For seven vectors (Anopheles coustani, A. funestus, A. melas, A. merus, A. moucheti, A. nili, and A. paludis) these are the first published niche models. We predict that Central Africa has poor habitat for both A. arabiensis and A. gambiae, and that A. quadriannulatus and A. arabiensis have restricted habitats in Southern Africa as claimed by field experts in criticism of previous models. The results of the niche models are incorporated into three relative risk models which assume different ecological interactions between vector species. The additive'' model assumes no interaction; the minimax'' model assumes maximum relative risk due to any vector in a cell; and the competitive exclusion'' model assumes the relative risk that arises from the most suitable vector for a cell. All models include variable anthrophilicity of vectors and spatial variation in human population density. Relative risk maps are produced from these models. All models predict that human population density is the critical factor determining malaria risk. Our method of constructing relative risk maps is equally general. We discuss the limits of the relative risk maps reported here, and the additional data that are required for their improvement. The protocol developed here can be used for any other vector-borne disease.",,1932-6203,2007,10.1371/journal.pone.0000824,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa,",na,3342,,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"Anopheles coustani, A. funestus, A. melas, A. merus, A. moucheti, A. nili, and A. paludis","WorldClim (C, T), Global Land Cover Facility (LC)",bioclim,"annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, maximum temperature of warmest month, minimum temperature of coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of driest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of coldest quarter, altitude, land cover","an arabiensis: temperature seasonality, temp of wettest quarter, annual precipitation; an coustani temperature seasonality, temperature annual range, precipitation of wettest quarter; an funestus precipitation of wettest month, temperature seasonality, temperature annual range; an gambiae mean temperature of coldest quarter, min temperature of coldest month, precip of wettest month; an melas altitude, mean temperature of wettest quarter, precip of wettest month; an merus precipitation of driest month, precip of coldest quarter, altitude; an moucheti temperature annual range, mean diurnal range, isothermality, landscape; an nili temperature annual range, mean diurnal range, isothermality; an paludis temperature annual range, mean diurnal range, isothermality; an quadriannulatus precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter",,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Kulkarni, MA; Desrochers, RE; Kerr, JT","Kulkarni, Manisha A.; Desrochers, Rachelle E.; Kerr, Jeremy T.",High Resolution Niche Models of Malaria Vectors in Northern Tanzania: A New Capacity to Predict Malaria Risk?,PLOS ONE,"Background: Malaria transmission rates in Africa can vary dramatically over the space of a few kilometres. This spatial heterogeneity reflects variation in vector mosquito habitat and presents an important obstacle to the efficient allocation of malaria control resources. Malaria control is further complicated by combinations of vector species that respond differently to control interventions. Recent modelling innovations make it possible to predict vector distributions and extrapolate malaria risk continentally, but these risk mapping efforts have not yet bridged the spatial gap to guide on-the-ground control efforts. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used Maximum Entropy with purpose-built, high resolution land cover data and other environmental factors to model the spatial distributions of the three dominant malaria vector species in a 94,000 km(2) region of east Africa. Remotely sensed land cover was necessary in each vector's niche model. Seasonality of precipitation and maximum annual temperature also contributed to niche models for Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus s.l. (AUC 0.989 and 0.991, respectively), but cold season precipitation and elevation were important for An. gambiae s.s. (AUC 0.997). Although these niche models appear highly accurate, the critical test is whether they improve predictions of malaria prevalence in human populations. Vector habitat within 1.5 km of community-based malaria prevalence measurements interacts with elevation to substantially improve predictions of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in children. The inclusion of the mechanistic link between malaria prevalence and vector habitat greatly improves the precision and accuracy of prevalence predictions (r(2) = 0.83 including vector habitat, or r(2) = 0.50 without vector habitat). Predictions including vector habitat are unbiased (observations vs. model predictions of prevalence: slope = 1.02). Using this model, we generate a high resolution map of predicted malaria prevalence throughout the study region. Conclusions/Significance: The interaction between mosquito niche space and microclimate along elevational gradients indicates worrisome potential for climate and land use changes to exacerbate malaria resurgence in the east African highlands. Nevertheless, it is possible to direct interventions precisely to ameliorate potential impacts.","Desrochers, Rachelle/0000-0001-5169-3853; Kulkarni, Manisha/0000-0002-5084-4960",1932-6203,2010,10.1371/journal.pone.0009396,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"adult sampling, Global Biodiversity Information Facility database","CDC miniature light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, pit traps","20 an arabiensis, 10 gambiae, 10 funestus",,adults,Tanzania,Sub-national,Anopheles,"An arabiensis, an gambiae ss, an funestus","WorldClim (C), Landsat (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Bioclim,"Land cover, bioclim, elevation, human population density","arabiensis influenced by precipitation seasonality, max temperature of warmest month, land cover; funestus max temperature of warmest month, precipitation seasonality; gambiae precipitation of the coldest quarter, land cover",covariance matrices,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Masuoka, P; Klein, TA; Kim, HC; Claborn, DM; Achee, N; Andre, R; Chamberlin, J; Small, J; Anyamba, A; Lee, DK; Yi, SH; Sardelis, M; Ju, YR; Grieco, J","Masuoka, Penny; Klein, Terry A.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Claborn, David M.; Achee, Nicole; Andre, Richard; Chamberlin, Judith; Small, Jennifer; Anyamba, Assaf; Lee, Dong-Kyu; Yi, Suk H.; Sardelis, Michael; Ju, Young-Ran; Grieco, John",Modeling the distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to predict Japanese encephalitis distribution in the Republic of Korea,GEOSPATIAL HEALTH,"Over 35,000 cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) are reported worldwide each year. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of the JE virus, while wading birds are natural reservoirs and swine amplifying hosts. As part of a JE risk analysis, the ecological niche modeling programme, Maxent, was used to develop a predictive model for the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the Republic of Korea, using mosquito collection data, temperature, precipitation, elevation, land cover and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The resulting probability maps from the model were consistent with the known environmental limitations of the mosquito with low probabilities predicted for forest covered mountains. July minimum temperature and land cover were the most important variables in the model. Elevation, summer NDVI (July-September), precipitation in July, summer minimum temperature (May-August) and maximum temperature for fall and winter months also contributed to the model. Comparison of the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus model to the distribution of JE cases in the Republic of Korea from 2001 to 2009 showed that cases among a highly vaccinated Korean population were located in high-probability areas for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. No recent JE cases were reported from the eastern coastline, where higher probabilities of mosquitoes were predicted, but where only small numbers of pigs are raised. The geographical distribution of reported JE cases corresponded closely with the predicted high-probability areas for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, making the map a useful tool for health risk analysis that could be used for planning preventive public health measures.",,1827-1987,2010,10.4081/gh.2010.186,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling and larval sampling,"dipping, multiple light traps",96,"used 72 for training, 24 for testing",adults and larvae,South Korea,National,Culex,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"WorldClim (C, T), MODIS (LC)",WorldClim max and min temperature,"climate data from world clim, elevation, land cover from MODIS with 17 classes, NDVI","minimum temperature in July most predictive, land cover most unique contribution",no discussion of collinearity,no,"it looks like they did not represent LC with dummy variables, but had 1 multi-category variable"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Medley, KA","Medley, Kim A.","Niche shifts during the global invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Culicidae), revealed by reciprocal distribution models",GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY,"Aim Niche-based distribution models are often used to predict the spread of invasive species. These models assume niche conservation during invasion, but invasive species can have different requirements from populations in their native range for many reasons, including niche evolution. I used distribution modelling to investigate niche conservatism for the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus Skuse) during its invasion of three continents. I also used this approach to predict areas at risk of invasion from propagules originating from invasive populations. Location Models were created for Southeast Asia, North and South America, and Europe. Methods I used maximum entropy (Maxent) to create distribution models using occurrence data and 18 environmental datasets. One native model was created for Southeast Asia; this model was projected onto North America, South America and Europe. Three models were created independently for the non-native ranges and projected onto the native range. Niche overlap between native and non-native predictions was evaluated by comparing probability surfaces between models using real data and random models generated using a permutation approach. Results The native model failed to predict an entire region of occurrences in South America, approximately 20% of occurrences in North America and nearly all Italian occurrences of A. albopictus. Non-native models poorly predict the native range, but predict additional areas at risk for invasion globally. Niche overlap metrics indicate that non-native distributions are more similar to the native niche than a random prediction, but they are not equivalent. Multivariate analyses support modelled differences in niche characteristics among continents, and reveal important variables explaining these differences. Main conclusions The niche of A. albopictus has shifted on invaded continents relative to its native range (Southeast Asia). Statistical comparisons reveal that the niche for introduced distributions is not equivalent to the native niche. Furthermore, reciprocal models highlight the importance of controlling bi-directional dispersal between native and non-native distributions.",,1466-822X,2010,10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00497.x,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,6599,,not specified,"SE Asia, Europe, Americas",Regional,Aedes,ae albopictus,"WorldClim (C), IWMI (C), Climatic Research Unit (C), Global Land Cover Facility (LC)","annual mean temperature, mean max temperature of the warmest month, mean min temperature of the coldest month","annual mean temperature, mean max temperature of the warmest month, mean min temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, percent max sunlight hours during February, percent maximum sunlight hors during August, percent max sunlight hours during November, percent relative humidity February, percent relative humidity during May, percent relative humidity during August, percent relative humidity during November, days with ground frost per month, mean wind speed, land cover",not specified,correlation coefficient < 0.7; principal components analysis,no,evaluated niche conservatism by reciprocal projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Laporta, GZ; Ramos, DG; Ribeiro, MC; Sallum, MAM","Laporta, Gabriel Zorello; Ramos, Daniel Garkauskas; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; Mureb Sallum, Maria Anice",Habitat suitability of Anopheles vector species and association with human malaria in the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern brazil,MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ,"Every year, autochthonous cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria occur in low-endemicity areas of Vale do Ribeira in the south-eastern part of the Atlantic Forest, state of Sao Paulo, where Anopheles cruzii and Anopheles bellator are considered the primary vectors. However, other species in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles (e. g., Anopheles marajoara) are abundant and may participate in the dynamics of malarial transmission in that region. The objectives of the present study were to assess the spatial distribution of An. cruzii, An. bellator and An. marajoara and to associate the presence of these species with malaria cases in the municipalities of the Vale do Ribeira. Potential habitat suitability modelling was applied to determine both the spatial distribution of An. cruzii, An. bellator and An. marajoara and to establish the density of each species. Poisson regression was utilized to associate malaria cases with estimated vector densities. As a result, An. cruzii was correlated with the forested slopes of the Serra do Mar, An. bellator with the coastal plain and An. marajoara with the deforested areas. Moreover, both An. marajoara and An. cruzii were positively associated with malaria cases. Considering that An. marajoara was demonstrated to be a primary vector of human Plasmodium in the rural areas of the state of Amapa, more attention should be given to the species in the deforested areas of the Atlantic Forest, where it might be a secondary vector.","Laporta, Gabriel/0000-0001-7412-9390; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb/0000-0002-7051-2891; Laporta, Gabriel/0000-0001-7412-9390",0074-0276,2011,10.1590/S0074-02762011000900029,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Adult collection,Shannon traps,,,Adults,Brazil,Sub-national,Anopheles,"An. cruzii, An. bellator and An. marajoara","WorldClim (C), Landsat (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",average max temperature in the warmest month,"average max temperature in warmest month, average annual precipitation, slope, vegetation cover","an cruzii associated with terrain slope, high veg cover, and temp; an bellator positively associated with temp and precip; marajoara positively associated with temp, negative correlated with veg cover",no discussion of collinearity,no,used negative binomial regression to identify variables associated with count to use in maxent models
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Fischer, D; Thomas, SM; Niemitz, F; Reineking, B; Beierkuhnlein, C","Fischer, Dominik; Thomas, Stephanie Margarete; Niemitz, Franziska; Reineking, Bjoern; Beierkuhnlein, Carl",Projection of climatic suitability for Aedes albopictus Skuse (Culicidae) in Europe under climate change conditions,GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE,"During the last decades the disease vector Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) has rapidly spread around the globe. The spread of this species raises serious public health concerns. Here, we model the present distribution and the future climatic suitability of Europe for this vector in the face of climate change. In order to achieve the most realistic current prediction and future projection, we compare the performance of four different modelling approaches, differentiated by the selection of climate variables (based on expert knowledge vs. statistical criteria) and by the geographical range of presence records (native range vs. global range). First, models of the native and global range were built with MaxEnt and were either based on (1) statistically selected climatic input variables or (2) input variables selected with expert knowledge from the literature. Native models show high model performance (AUC: 0.91-0.94) for the native range, but do not predict the European distribution well (AUC: 0.70-0.72). Models based on the global distribution of the species, however, were able to identify all regions where Ae. albopictus is currently established, including Europe (AUC: 0.89-0.91). In a second step, the modelled bioclimatic envelope of the global range was projected to future climatic conditions in Europe using two emission scenarios implemented in the regional climate model COSMO-CLM for three time periods 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100. For both global-driven models, the results indicate that climatically suitable areas for the establishment of Ae. albopictus will increase in western and central Europe already in 2011-2040 and with a temporal delay in eastern Europe. On the other hand, a decline in climatically suitable areas in southern Europe is pronounced in the Expert knowledge based model. Our projections appear unaffected by non-analogue climate, as this is not detected by Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis. The generated risk maps can aid in identifying suitable habitats for Ae. albopictus and hence support monitoring and control activities to avoid disease vector establishment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Reineking, Bjorn/0000-0001-5277-9181; Beierkuhnlein, Carl/0000-0002-6456-4628; Thomas, Stephanie Margarete/0000-0003-0507-2006",0921-8181,2011,10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.05.008,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,1199,thinned records from USA and Brazil to account for more surveillance in those countries,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"WorldClim (C, T)","bioclim 1, 4, 10, 11","bioclim 1, 4, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18 19, altitude",temperature and hydrological from native range model; mainly hydrological for global,discussed collinearity but retained all variables,yes,used data from native vs global range
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Miller, RH; Masuoka, P; Klein, TA; Kim, HC; Somer, T; Grieco, J","Miller, Robin H.; Masuoka, Penny; Klein, Terry A.; Kim, Heung-Chul; Somer, Todd; Grieco, John",Ecological Niche Modeling to Estimate the Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Asia,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"Background: Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a leading cause of encephalitis in Asia. JEV is transmitted in an enzootic cycle involving large wading birds as the reservoirs and swine as amplifying hosts. The development of a JEV vaccine reduced the number of JE cases in regions with comprehensive childhood vaccination programs, such as in Japan and the Republic of Korea. However, the lack of vaccine programs or insufficient coverage of populations in other endemic countries leaves many people susceptible to JEV. The aim of this study was to predict the distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus using ecological niche modeling. Methods/Principal Findings: An ecological niche model was constructed using the Maxent program to map the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus vector. Program input consisted of environmental data (temperature, elevation, rainfall) and known locations of vector presence resulting from an extensive literature search and records from MosquitoMap. The statistically significant Maxent model of the estimated probability of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence showed that the mean temperatures of the wettest quarter had the greatest impact on the model. Further, the majority of human Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases were located in regions with higher estimated probability of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence. Conclusions/Significance: Our ecological niche model of the estimated probability of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence provides a framework for better allocation of vector control resources, particularly in locations where JEV vaccinations are unavailable. Furthermore, this model provides estimates of vector probability that could improve vector surveillance programs and JE control efforts.",,1935-2735,2012,10.1371/journal.pntd.0001678,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Literature review, MosquitoMap, Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine",na,139,"105 for training, 34 testing",not specified,Asia,Regional,Culex,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"WorldClim (C, T)",Bioclim,"All bioclim, elevation, percentage rice cover","largest contribution from mean temperature of warmest quarter, altitude, annual precipitation",no discussion of collinearity,no,also compared map to JE human cases
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Porretta, D; Mastrantonio, V; Bellini, R; Somboon, P; Urbanelli, S","Porretta, Daniele; Mastrantonio, Valentina; Bellini, Romeo; Somboon, Pradya; Urbanelli, Sandra",Glacial History of a Modern Invader: Phylogeography and Species Distribution Modelling of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus,PLOS ONE,"Background: The tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and a vector of human diseases. In the last 30 years, it has spread from its native range in East Asia to Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Although this modern invasion has been the focus of many studies, the history of the species' native populations remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to assess the role of Pleistocene climatic changes in shaping the current distribution of the species in its native range. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated the phylogeography, historical demography, and species distribution of Ae. albopictus native populations at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Individuals from 16 localities from East Asia were analyzed for sequence variation at two mitochondrial genes. No phylogeographic structure was observed across the study area. Demographic analyses showed a signature of population expansion that started roughly 70,000 years BP. The occurrence of a continuous and climatically suitable area comprising Southeast China, Indochinese Peninsula, and Sundaland during LGM was indicated by species distribution modelling. Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest an evolutionary scenario in which, during the last glacial phase, Ae. albopictus did not experience a fragmentation phase but rather persisted in interconnected populations and experienced demographic growth. The wide ecological flexibility of the species probably played a crucial role in its response to glacial-induced environmental changes. Currently, there is little information on the impact of Pleistocene climatic changes on animal species in East Asia. Most of the studies focused on forest-associated species and suggested cycles of glacial fragmentation and post-glacial expansion. The case of Ae. albopictus, which exhibits a pattern not previously observed in the study area, adds an important piece to our understanding of the Pleistocene history of East Asian biota.","MASTRANTONIO, VALENTINA/0000-0001-7701-4716; Somboon, Pradya/0000-0002-0760-4363; URBANELLI, Sandra/0000-0003-1183-0344",1932-6203,2012,10.1371/journal.pone.0044515,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"collections with aspirators, GBIF",Aspirators,,,Adults,East Asia,Regional,Aedes,ae albopictus,WorldClim (C),"min temperature in coldest period, mean temperature of wettest quarter","min temperature in coldest period, mean temperature of wettest quarter, precipitation ofr warmest quarter, and precipitation of coldest quarter",did not discuss variable contribution,correlation coefficient < 0.75,no,"did past projections for Last Glacial Maximum, Last Inter-Glacial"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Fuller, DO; Ahumada, ML; Quinones, ML; Herrera, S; Beier, JC","Fuller, Douglas O.; Ahumada, Martha L.; Quinones, Martha L.; Herrera, Socrates; Beier, John C.",Near-present and future distribution of Anopheles albimanus in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean Basin modeled with climate and topographic data,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS,"Background: Anopheles albimanus is among the most important vectors of human malaria in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean Basin (M-C). Here, we use topographic data and 1950-2000 climate (near present), and future climate (2080) layers obtained from general circulation models (GCMs) to project the probability of the species' presence, p(s), using the species distribution model MaxEnt. Results: The projected near-present distribution parameterized with 314 presence points related well to the known geographic distribution in the study region. Different model experiments suggest that the range of An. albimanus based on near-present climate surfaces covered at least 1.27 million km(2) in the M-C, although 2080 range was projected to decrease to 1.19 million km(2). Modeled p(s) was generally highest in Mesoamerica where many of the original specimens were collected. MaxEnt projected near-present maximum elevation at 1,937 m whereas 2080 maximum elevation was projected at 2,118 m. 2080 climate scenarios generally showed increased p(s) in Mesoamerica, although results varied for northern South America and no major range expansion into the mid-latitudes was projected by 2080. Conclusions: MaxEnt experiments with near present and future climate data suggest that An. albimanus is likely to invade high-altitude (>2,000 m) areas by 2080 and therefore place many more people at risk of malaria in the M-C region even though latitudinal range expansion may be limited.",,1476-072X,2012,10.1186/1476-072X-11-13,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, MosquitoMap, and published data",na,350,,not specified,MesoAmerica and Caribbean,Regional,Anopheles,An. Albimanus,"WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",WorldClim,"Worldclim, topography","Monthly precipitation important, elevation, temperature in final models",no discussion of collinearity,yes,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Obsomer, V; Defourny, P; Coosemans, M","Obsomer, Valerie; Defourny, Pierre; Coosemans, Marc",Predicted Distribution of Major Malaria Vectors Belonging to the Anopheles dirus Complex in Asia: Ecological Niche and Environmental Influences,PLOS ONE,"Methods derived from ecological niche modeling allow to define species distribution based on presence-only data. This is particularly useful to develop models from literature records such as available for the Anopheles dirus complex, a major group of malaria mosquito vectors in Asia. This research defines an innovative modeling design based on presence-only model and hierarchical framework to define the distribution of the complex and attempt to delineate sibling species distribution and environmental preferences. At coarse resolution, the potential distribution was defined using slow changing abiotic factors such as topography and climate representative for the timescale covered by literature records of the species. The distribution area was then refined in a second step using a mask of current suitable land cover. Distribution area and ecological niche were compared between species and environmental factors tested for relevance. Alternatively, extreme values at occurrence points were used to delimit environmental envelopes. The spatial distribution for the complex was broadly consistent with its known distribution and influencing factors included temperature and rainfall. If maps developed from environmental envelopes gave similar results to modeling when the number of sites was high, the results were less similar for species with low number of recorded presences. Using presence-only models and hierarchical framework this study not only predicts the distribution of a major malaria vector, but also improved ecological modeling analysis design and proposed final products better adapted to malaria control decision makers. The resulting maps can help prioritizing areas which need further investigation and help simulate distribution under changing conditions such as climate change or reforestation. The hierarchical framework results in two products one abiotic based model describes the potential maximal distribution and remains valid for decades and the other including a biotic mask easy to update with frequently available information gives current species distribution.",,1932-6203,2012,10.1371/journal.pone.0050475,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review,na,"199 an dirus s.l., 54 an dirus s.s., 31 an baimaii",,not specified,SE Asia,Regional,Anopheles,"an dirus s.l., an dirus s.s., an baimaii","WorldClim (C), Climatic Research Unit (C), USGS Gtopo (T), FAO soil types (LC)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, CRU number of rainy days, rainfall monthly variation, relative humidity, soil types/drainage/texture/salinity, elevation, slope, flow direction, flow accumulation, compound topographic index, NDVI, NDWI","an baimaii in places with lower amount of rain but more frequent rain; an crascens in areas with higher amounts of rain; an dirus ss characterized by shorter dry season, mean temperature of at least 20 degrees celsisu for the complex",Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.8,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Fuller, DO; Parenti, MS; Hassan, AN; Beier, JC","Fuller, Douglas O.; Parenti, Michael S.; Hassan, Ali N.; Beier, John C.",Linking land cover and species distribution models to project potential ranges of malaria vectors: an example using Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan and Upper Egypt,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Anopheles arabiensis is a particularly opportunistic feeder and efficient vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa and may invade areas outside its normal range, including areas separated by expanses of barren desert. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how spatial models can project future irrigated cropland and potential, new suitable habitat for vectors such as An. arabiensis. Methods: Two different but complementary spatial models were linked to demonstrate their synergy for assessing re-invasion potential of An. arabiensis into Upper Egypt as a function of irrigated cropland expansion by 2050. The first model (The Land Change Modeler) was used to simulate changes in irrigated cropland using a Markov Chain approach, while the second model (MaxEnt) uses species occurrence points, land cover and other environmental layers to project probability of species presence. Two basic change scenarios were analysed, one involving a more conservative business-as-usual (BAU) assumption and second with a high probability of desert-to-cropland transition (Green Nile) to assess a broad range of potential outcomes by 2050. Results: The results reveal a difference of 82,000 sq km in potential An. arabiensis range between the BAU and Green Nile scenarios. The BAU scenario revealed a highly fragmented set of small, potential habitat patches separated by relatively large distances (maximum distance = 64.02 km, mean = 12.72 km, SD = 9.92), while the Green Nile scenario produced a landscape characterized by large patches separated by relatively shorter gaps (maximum distance = 49.38, km, mean = 4.51 km, SD = 7.89) that may be bridged by the vector. Conclusions: This study provides a first demonstration of how land change and species distribution models may be linked to project potential changes in vector habitat distribution and invasion potential. While gaps between potential habitat patches remained large in the Green Nile scenario, the models reveal large areas of future habitat connectivity that may facilitate the re-invasion of An. arabiensis from Sudan into Upper Egypt. The methods used are broadly applicable to other land cover changes as they influence vector distribution, particularly those related to tropical deforestation and urbanization processes.","Hassan, Ali/0000-0002-0514-3743",1475-2875,2012,10.1186/1475-2875-11-264,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,occurrence,Malaria Atlas Project,na,104 unique points,,not specified,Egypt and Sudan,Regional,Anopheles,An. arabiensis,"MODIS (LC), WorldClim (C)",mean monthly minimum and maximum temperature (WorldClim),"Land cover, NDVI, elevation, WorldClim temperature and precipitation","NDVI range, SRTM, land cover",na,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Rochlin, I; Ninivaggi, DV; Hutchinson, ML; Farajollahi, A","Rochlin, Ilia; Ninivaggi, Dominick V.; Hutchinson, Michael L.; Farajollahi, Ary",Climate Change and Range Expansion of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Northeastern USA: Implications for Public Health Practitioners,PLOS ONE,"The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is an invasive species with substantial biting activity, high disease vector potential, and a global distribution that continues to expand. New Jersey, southern New York, and Pennsylvania are currently the northernmost boundary of established Ae. albopictus populations in the eastern United States. Using positive geographic locations from these areas, we modeled the potential future range expansion of Ae. albopictus in northeastern USA under two climate change scenarios. The land area with environmental conditions suitable for Ae. albopictus populations is expected to increase from the current 5% to 16% in the next two decades and to 43%-49% by the end of the century. Presently, about one-third of the total human population of 55 million in northeastern USA reside in urban areas where Ae. albopictus is present. This number is predicted to double to about 60% by the end of the century, encompassing all major urban centers and placing over 30 million people under the threat of dense Ae. albopictus infestations. This mosquito species presents unique challenges to public health agencies and has already strained the resources available to mosquito control programs within its current range. As it continues to expand into areas with fewer resources and limited organized mosquito control, these challenges will be further exacerbated. Anticipating areas of potential establishment, while planning ahead and gathering sufficient resources will be the key for successful public health campaigns. A broad effort in community sanitation and education at all levels of government and the private sector will be required until new control techniques are developed that can be applied efficiently and effectively at reasonable cost to very large areas.",,1932-6203,2013,10.1371/journal.pone.0060874,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,"CDC miniature light traps, gravid traps, aspiration, mosquito magnet, BG sentinel traps, Zumba traps.",5361,"Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York",adults,USA,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"WorldClim (C, T), NLCD (LC)",bioclim,"bioclim, land use/land cover, January precipitation, elevation","mean temp of coldest quarter, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of driest quarter, january precipitation, LULC all included in final model; mean temp of coldest quarter most significant",correlation coefficent <0.85,yes,did future projections
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Sallam, MF; Al Ahmed, AM; Abdel-Dayem, MS; Abdullah, MAR","Sallam, Mohamed F.; Al Ahmed, Azzam M.; Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.; Abdullah, Mohamed A. R.","Ecological Niche Modeling and Land Cover Risk Areas for Rift Valley Fever Vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Jazan, Saudi Arabia",PLOS ONE,"Background: The mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles is a prevalent and confirmed Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) vector. This vector, in association with Aedimorphus arabiensis (Patton), was responsible for causing the outbreak of 2000 in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Methodology/Principal Findings: Larval occurrence records and a total of 19 bioclimatic and three topographic layers imported from Worldclim Database were used to predict the larval suitable breeding habitats for this vector in Jazan Province using ArcGIS ver.10 and MaxEnt modeling program. Also, a supervised land cover classification from SPOT5 imagery was developed to assess the land cover distribution within the suitable predicted habitats. Eleven bioclimatic and slope attributes were found to be the significant predictors for this larval suitable breeding habitat. Precipitation and temperature were strong predictors of mosquito distribution. Among six land cover classes, the linear regression model (LM) indicated wet muddy substrate is significantly associated with high-very high suitable predicted habitats (R-2 = 73.7%, P < 0.05). Also, LM indicated that total dissolved salts (TDS) was a significant contributor (R-2 = 23.9%, P<0.01) in determining mosquito larval abundance. Conclusion/Significance: This model is a first step in understanding the spatial distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and consequently the risk of RVFV in Saudi Arabia and to assist in planning effective mosquito surveillance and control programs by public health personnel and researchers.","Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6276-1740",1932-6203,2013,10.1371/journal.pone.0065786,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,standard plastic dippers,50,,larvae,Saudi Arabia,Sub-national,Culex,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"WorldClim (C), DEM (T), SPOT5 (LC)",Bioclim,"All bioclim, elevation, aspect ratio, slope",precipitation of warmest quarter,no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Gardner, L; Sarkar, S","Gardner, Lauren; Sarkar, Sahotra",A Global Airport-Based Risk Model for the Spread of Dengue Infection via the Air Transport Network,PLOS ONE,"The number of travel-acquired dengue infections has seen a consistent global rise over the past decade. An increased volume of international passenger air traffic originating from regions with endemic dengue has contributed to a rise in the number of dengue cases in both areas of endemicity and elsewhere. This paper reports results from a network-based risk assessment model which uses international passenger travel volumes, travel routes, travel distances, regional populations, and predictive species distribution models (for the two vector species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) to quantify the relative risk posed by each airport in importing passengers with travel-acquired dengue infections. Two risk attributes are evaluated: (i) the risk posed by through traffic at each stopover airport and (ii) the risk posed by incoming travelers to each destination airport. The model results prioritize optimal locations (i.e., airports) for targeted dengue surveillance. The model is easily extendible to other vector-borne diseases.",,1932-6203,2013,10.1371/journal.pone.0072129,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,occurrence,Disease Vectors Database,na,"456 Ae aegypti, 117 ae albopictus",,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,"ae. aegypti, ae albopictus","WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T)",Bioclim,"bioclim, elevation, aspect, slope, compound topographic index",not discussed,no discussion of collinearity,no,coupled SDMs with airport network/introduction model
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Mughini-Gras, L; Mulatti, P; Severini, F; Boccolini, D; Romi, R; Bongiorno, G; Khoury, C; Bianchi, R; Montarsi, F; Patregnani, T; Bonfanti, L; Rezza, G; Capelli, G; Busani, L","Mughini-Gras, Lapo; Mulatti, Paolo; Severini, Francesco; Boccolini, Daniela; Romi, Roberto; Bongiorno, Gioia; Khoury, Cristina; Bianchi, Riccardo; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Patregnani, Tommaso; Bonfanti, Lebana; Rezza, Giovanni; Capelli, Gioia; Busani, Luca",Ecological Niche Modelling of Potential West Nile Virus Vector Mosquito Species and Their Geographical Association with Equine Epizootics in Italy,ECOHEALTH,"In Italy, West Nile virus (WNV) equine outbreaks have occurred annually since 2008. Characterizing WNV vector habitat requirements allows for the identification of areas at risk of viral amplification and transmission. Maxent-based ecological niche models were developed using literature records of 13 potential WNV Italian vector mosquito species to predict their habitat suitability range and to investigate possible geographical associations with WNV equine outbreak occurrence in Italy from 2008 to 2010. The contribution of different environmental variables to the niche models was also assessed. Suitable habitats for Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles maculipennis were widely distributed; Culex modestus, Ochlerotatus geniculatus, Ochlerotatus caspius, Coquillettidia richiardii, Aedes vexans, and Anopheles plumbeus were concentrated in north-central Italy; Aedes cinereus, Culex theileri, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, and Culiseta longiareolata were restricted to coastal/southern areas. Elevation, temperature, and precipitation variables showed the highest predictive power. Host population and landscape variables provided minor contributions. WNV equine outbreaks had a significantly higher probability to occur in habitats suitable for Cx. modestus and Cx. pipiens, providing circumstantial evidence that the potential distribution of these two species coincides geographically with the observed distribution of the disease in equines.","Mulatti, Paolo/0000-0001-8188-997X; rezza, giovanni/0000-0003-0268-6790; Busani, Luca/0000-0002-6081-2794",1612-9202,2014,10.1007/s10393-013-0878-7,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review,na,1264 ae. albopictus; 442 cx. Pipiens; 288 oc. Caspius; 207 an. Maculipennis; 180 cs longiareolata; 180 ae vexans; 102 oc geniculatus; 88 an plumbeus; 78 cx theileri; 61 cx modestus; 50 oc dorsalis; 45 coquillettidia richiardii; 30 ae cinereus,,adults,Italy,National,Multiple,1264 ae. albopictus; 442 cx. Pipiens; 288 oc. Caspius; 207 an. Maculipennis; 180 cs longiareolata; 180 ae vexans; 102 oc geniculatus; 88 an plumbeus; 78 cx theileri; 61 cx modestus; 50 oc dorsalis; 45 coquillettidia richiardii; 30 ae cinereus,"WorldClim (C, T), Corine Land Cover 2006 (LC)",Bioclim,"All bioclim, elevation, proportion 15 land cover types, human and livestock density","elevation, temperature, and precipitation variables",no discussion of collinearity,no,they note that removing/adding some individual variables didn't change auc due to collinearity
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Foley, DH; Linton, YM; Ruiz-Lopez, JF; Conn, JE; Sallum, MAM; Povoa, MM; Bergo, ES; Oliveira, TMP; Sucupira, I; Wilkerson, RC","Foley, Desmond H.; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Freddy Ruiz-Lopez, J.; Conn, Jan E.; Sallum, Maria Anice M.; Povoa, Marinete M.; Bergo, Eduardo S.; Oliveira, Tatiane M. P.; Sucupira, Izis; Wilkerson, Richard C.","Geographic distribution, evolution, and disease importance of species within the Neotropical Anopheles albitarsis Group (Diptera, Culicidae)",JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"The Anopheles albitarsis group of mosquitoes comprises eight recognized species and one mitochondrial lineage. Our knowledge of malaria vectorial importance and the distribution and evolution of these taxa is incomplete. We constructed ecological niche models (ENMs) for these taxa and used hypothesized phylogenetic relationships and ENMs to investigate environmental and ecological divergence associated with speciation events. Two major clades were identified, one north (Clade 1) and one south (Clade 2) of the Amazon River that likely is or was a barrier to mosquito movement. Clade 1 species occur more often in higher average temperature locations than Clade 2 species, and taxon splits within Clade 1 corresponded with a greater divergence of variables related to precipitation than was the case within Clade 2. Comparison of the ecological profiles of sympatric species and sister species support the idea that phylogenetic proximity is related to ecological similarity. Anopheles albitarsis I, An. janconnae, and An. marajoara ENMs had the highest percentage of their predicted suitable habitat overlapping distribution models of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, and warrant additional studies of the transmission potential of these species. Phylogenetic proximity may be related to malaria vectorial importance within the Albitarsis Group.","Povoa, Marinete Marins/0000-0003-3517-2227; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb/0000-0002-7051-2891; Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020; BERGO, EDUARDO/0000-0003-4928-0368; Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601",,2014,10.1111/j.1948-7134.2014.12084.x,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Sampling,not specified,"38 an albitarsis, 17 an deaneorum, 22 an janconnae, 16 an marajoara, 67 an oryzalimnetes, 8 an albitarsis f, 10 an albitarsis g, 3 an albitarsis, 18 an albitarsis",COI barcoding,adults,South America,Regional,Anopheles,"An albitarsus, an deaneorum, an janconnae, an marajoara, an oryzalimnetes, an albitarsis, an albitarsis f, an albitarsis g, an albitarsis I, an albitarsis h","WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T), Landsat (LC), USDA soil types",Bioclim,"all bioclim, elevation, aspect, slope, flow accumulation, flow direction, compound topographic index, soil layers","soils were important across species, precipitation important",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cardoso-Leite, R; Vilarinho, AC; Novaes, MC; Tonetto, AF; Vilardi, GC; Guillermo-Ferreira, R","Cardoso-Leite, Ricardo; Vilarinho, Ana Carolina; Novaes, Marcos Carneiro; Tonetto, Aurelio Fajar; Vilardi, Gabriel Cestari; Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer",Recent and future environmental suitability to dengue fever in Brazil using species distribution model,TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE,"Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that affects more than 2.5 billion people worldwide. Here, we used the dataset of municipality infestation level from the Brazilian Health Ministry with the aim of building vector distribution models to identify epidemiological hotspots. Methods: Maxent software was used to predict the environmental suitability of the vector under current and 2050 climatic conditions. We built potential risk maps for current and future epidemiological scenarios in order to provide data for vector control planning. Results: The results showed that the current epidemiological status is critical in the coastal region, with 80% of the population in risk areas and 30% in epidemiological outbreak areas. Our results also suggest that the area covered by the vector distribution in Brazil will decrease in future projections in the north, but will spread to the south. Conclusions: The results may provide useful information for health agencies and policymakers in focusing efforts in epidemiological hotspots. Therefore, understanding the niche distribution dynamics of Aedes aegypti is an important step towards public health planning for vector control.","Guillermo Ferreira, Rhainer/0000-0001-7774-5252",0035-9203,2014,10.1093/trstmh/trt115,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,LIRAa database,na,430,positive sites were actually density metrics-- low vector density locations counted towards the 'in alert' model; high vector density in the 'outbreak risk' model,not specified,Brazil,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"WorldClim (C, T),",Bioclim,"Bioclim, altitude","temperature annual range, seasonality, and isothermality most important for 'in alert'; isothermality, temperature seasonality, precipitation of coldest quarter most important for 'outbreak' category",no discussion of collinearity,yes,did future projections
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Torres-Olave, M; Rojas-Villalobos, H; Zesati, G; Bravo-Pena, L; Alatorre-Cejudo, L","Torres-Olave, Maria; Rojas-Villalobos, Hugo; Zesati, Gina; Bravo-Pena, Luis; Alatorre-Cejudo, Luis",BIOGEOGRAPHICAL MODEL FOR CULEX SPP. MOSQUITOE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN MEXICO,BOLETIN GEOGRAFICO,"The mosquitoes distribution and the presence of arboviruses are determined by temperature, rainfall, geographic barriers, and other factors that determine the distribution of Culex spp. and can influence the human arboviral. The objective of this study was to identify potential spatial distribution of Culex spp. The ecological niche modeling was performed using MaxEnt Ecological niche modeling was performed using MaxEnt, bioclimatic variables (WorldClim) used for this process are derived from the monthly values of temperature and precipitation to generate biologically significant variables (representing annual trends and limiting factors for the distribution of species. The resulting maps can be interpreted as relative suitability areas, these areas are presented on the east coast of Mexico, mainly in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco. The results show that Bio 2 (mean monthly temperature range), Bio 7 (annual range of temperature) and Bio 11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter), determine the highest percentage range. Distribution modeling Culex spp. It is an approach to identify the most vulnerable areas in Mexico. It is necessary to strengthen and establish multidisciplinary programs for the prevention ofCulexspp transmitted diseases.",,0326-1735,2015,,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,Global Biodiversity Information Facility,,77,,,Mexico,National,Culex,Culex,WorldClim (C),Bioclim,"All bioclim, three topographic","Mean monthly temperature range, annual temperature range, mean temperature of the coldest quarter",unclear,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Campbell, LP; Luther, C; Moo-Llanes, D; Ramsey, JM; Danis-Lozano, R; Peterson, AT","Campbell, Lindsay P.; Luther, Caylor; Moo-Llanes, David; Ramsey, Janine M.; Danis-Lozano, Rogelio; Peterson, A. Townsend",Climate change influences on global distributions of dengue and chikungunya virus vectors,PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,"Numerous recent studies have illuminated global distributions of human cases of dengue and other mosquito-transmitted diseases, yet the potential distributions of key vector species have not been incorporated integrally into those mapping efforts. Projections onto future conditions to illuminate potential distributional shifts in coming decades are similarly lacking, at least outside Europe. This study examined the global potential distributions of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in relation to climatic variation worldwide to develop ecological niche models that, in turn, allowed anticipation of possible changes in distributional patterns into the future. Results indicated complex global rearrangements of potential distributional areas, which-given the impressive dispersal abilities of these two species-are likely to translate into actual distributional shifts. This exercise also signalled a crucial priority: digitization and sharing of existing distributional data so that models of this sort can be developed more rigorously, as present availability of such data is fragmentary and woefully incomplete.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379",0962-8436,2015,10.1098/rstb.2014.0135,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"VectorMap, Atlas of Living Australia, GBIF",na,"2108 ae aegypti, 8040 ae albopictus",,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim (C),Bioclim,Bioclim,not specified,principal components analysis,yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Alahmed, AM; Naeem, M; Kheir, SM; Sallam, MF","Alahmed, Azzam Mohammad; Naeem, Muhammad; Kheir, Salah Mohammad; Sallam, Mohamed Fahim","Ecological Distribution Modeling of Two Malaria Mosquito Vectors Using Geographical Information System in Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY,"Malaria considered as an endemic mosquito borne disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Previous investigations addressed the diseases incidences in KSA, however few studies highlighted the mosquito vectors habitats characterization in regards to ecological variables. Ecological models of mosquito vectors will help in defining potential suitable habitats for their spatial distribution and understanding how much the ecological variables contribute in delineating these suitable habitats. This information will help in developing targeted surveillance and control strategies. Ecological niche modeling was carried out using the evolutionary algorithms implemented in maximum entropy (MaxEnt) to predict the suitable larval habitats of two malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. sergentii (Theobald) in Al-Balm Province, KSA. Climatic and topographical data layers from Worldclim databases and larval occurrence records were used to model the two malaria vectors. Six topographical and four bioclimatic variables were significantly predict An. gambiae larval suitable habitat. Both streams covered with vegetation and algae and elevation above sea level were strong predictors of distribution of this mosquito vector. However, for An. sergentii, four topographical and ten bioclimatic variables were found to be significant predictors of suitable habitat distribution. Soil and altitude were strong predictors of An. sergentii distribution. Also, the linear regression statistical analysis (LM) indicates non linear correlation between TDS/pH and abundance of these two mosquito species.",,0030-9923,2015,,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,350 ml plastic dipper,10 occurrence records for each vector,111 sites sampled,larvae,Saudia Arabia,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. sergentii,"WorldClim (C), DIVA-GIS (LC, T)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, elevation, aspect ratio, water streams, roads, soil types, dams, vegetation (cropland)","an gambiae predicted by streams covered with vegetation, altitude, soil; an sergentii predicted by soil, altitude",no discussion of collinearity,no,"few presence points, many predictors"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Melaun, C; Werblow, A; Cunze, S; Zotzmann, S; Koch, LK; Mehlhorn, H; Dorge, DD; Huber, K; Tackenberg, O; Klimpel, S","Melaun, Christian; Werblow, Antje; Cunze, Sarah; Zotzmann, Sina; Koch, Lisa K.; Mehlhorn, Heinz; Doerge, Dorian D.; Huber, Katrin; Tackenberg, Oliver; Klimpel, Sven",Modeling of the putative distribution of the arbovirus vector Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany,PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH,"Today, international travel and global freight transportation are increasing and have a direct influence on the introduction and establishment of non-native mosquito species as well as on the spread of arthropod (mosquito)-borne diseases inside Europe. One of the mosquito species that has become invasive in many areas is the Asian rock pool or bush mosquito Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (synonyms: Aedes japonicus japonicus or Hulecoeteomyia japonica japonica). This species was detected in Germany in 2008 for the first time. Until today, three different Oc. j. japonicus populations have been documented. Laboratory studies have shown that Oc. j. japonicus can act as a vector for a variety of disease agents. Thus, the knowledge on its current distribution is essential for different measurements. In the present study, ecological niche models were used to estimate the potential distribution of Oc. j. japonicus in Germany. The aim was to detect areas within Germany that could potentially function as habitats for this species. According to our model, areas in western, southern, and central Germany offer suitable conditions for the mosquito and may therefore be at risk for an invasion of the species. We strongly suggest that those areas should be monitored more intensively in the future. For this purpose, it would also be essential to search for possible dispersal routes as well as for natural barriers.","Koch, Lisa/0000-0002-3064-8401",0932-0113,2015,10.1007/s00436-014-4274-1,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval and adult sampling,small hand nets,160,,adults and larvae,Germany,National,Aedes,Ae. japonicus (oc japonicus),Deutscher Wetterdienst (C),"monthly temperature from Detscher Wetterdienst (contemporary dataset), extracted bioclim variables","monthly temperature, precipitation; annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter remained after correlation elimination",not specified,correlation coefficent < 0.79,no,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Samson, DM; Archer, RS; Alimi, TO; Arheart, KL; Impoinvil, DE; Oscar, R; Fuller, DO; Qualls, WA","Samson, Dayana M.; Archer, Reginald S.; Alimi, Temitope O.; Arheart, Kristopher L.; Impoinvil, Daniel E.; Oscar, Roland; Fuller, Douglas O.; Qualls, Whitney A.",New baseline environmental assessment of mosquito ecology in northern Haiti during increased urbanization,JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"The catastrophic 2010 earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, led to the large-scale displacement of over 2.3 million people, resulting in rapid and unplanned urbanization in northern Haiti. This study evaluated the impact of this unplanned urbanization on mosquito ecology and vector-borne diseases by assessing land use and change patterns. Land-use classification and change detection were carried out on remotely sensed images of the area for 2010 and 2013. Change detection identified areas that went from agricultural, forest, or bare-land pre-earthquake to newly developed and urbanized areas post-earthquake. Areas to be sampled for mosquito larvae were subsequently identified. Mosquito collections comprised five genera and ten species, with the most abundant species being Culex quinquefasciatus 35% (304/876), Aedes albopictus 27% (238/876), and Aedes aegypti 20% (174/876). All three species were more prevalent in urbanized and newly urbanized areas. Anopheles albimanus, the predominate malaria vector, accounted for less than 1% (8/876) of the collection. A set of spectral indices derived from the recently launched Landsat 8 satellite was used as covariates in a species distribution model. The indices were used to produce probability surfaces maps depicting the likelihood of presence of the three most abundant species within 30 m pixels. Our findings suggest that the rapid urbanization following the 2010 earthquake has increased the amount of area with suitable habitats for urban mosquitoes, likely influencing mosquito ecology and posing a major risk of introducing and establishing emerging vector-borne diseases.","Archer, Reginald/0000-0003-1130-917X; Alimi, Temitope/0000-0002-7161-6190",,2015,10.1111/jvec.12131,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,larval dipper,22 ae. aegypti; 26 ae. albopictus; 27 cx. Quinquefasciatus,"testing sites of 7, 8, and 8 for each species",larvae,Haiti,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti","RapidEye Level 1B (LC), Landsat 8 (LC)",no,"urban index, soil and vegetation index, normalized difference impervious surface index; modified normalized difference water index","ae aegypti MNDWI, SVI, UI; albopictus MNDWI, SVI, NDISI; quinquefasciatus UI, SVI, MNDWI",no discussion of collinearity,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Acheson, ES; Plowright, AA; Kerr, JT","Acheson, Emily S.; Plowright, Andrew A.; Kerr, Jeremy T.",Where have all the mosquito nets gone? Spatial modelling reveals mosquito net distributions across Tanzania do not target optimal Anopheles mosquito habitats,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: Malaria remains the deadliest vector-borne disease despite long-term, costly control efforts. The United Republic of Tanzania has implemented countrywide anti-malarial interventions over more than a decade, including national insecticide-treated net (ITN) rollouts and subsequent monitoring. While previous analyses have compared spatial variation in malaria endemicity with ITN distributions, no study has yet compared Anopheles habitat suitability to determine proper allocation of ITNs. This study assesses where mosquitoes were most likely to thrive before implementation of large-scale ITN interventions in Tanzania and determine if ITN distributions successfully targeted those areas. Methods: Using Maxent, a species distribution model was constructed relating anopheline mosquito occurrences for 1999-2003 to high resolution environmental observations. A 2011-2012 layer of mosquito net ownership was created using georeferenced data across Tanzania from the Demographic and Health Surveys. The baseline mosquito habitat suitability was compared to subsequent ITN ownership using (1) the average ITN numbers per house and (2) the proportion of households with >= 1 net to test whether national ITN ownership targets have been met and have tracked malaria risk. Results: Elevation, land cover, and human population distribution outperformed variants of temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in anopheline distribution models. The spatial distribution of ITN ownership across Tanzania was near-random spatially (Moran's I = 0.07). Householders reported owning 2.488 ITNs on average and 93.41 % of households had = 1 ITN. Mosquito habitat suitability was statistically unrelated to reported ITN ownership and very weakly to the proportion of households with >= 1 ITN (R-2 = 0.051). Proportional ITN ownership/household varied relative to mosquito habitat suitability (Levene's test F = 3.0037). Quantile regression was used to assess trends in ITN ownership among households with the highest and lowest 10 % of ITN ownership. ITN ownership declined significantly toward areas with the highest vector habitat suitability among households with lowest ITN ownership (t = -3.38). In areas with lowest habitat suitability, ITN ownership was consistently higher. Conclusions: Insecticide-treated net ownership is critical for malaria control. While Tanzania-wide efforts to distribute ITNs has reduced malaria impacts, gaps and variance in ITN ownership are unexpectedly large in areas where malaria risk is highest. Supplemental ITN distributions targeting prime Anopheles habitats are likely to have disproportionate human health benefits.",,,2015,10.1186/s12936-015-0841-x,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Malaria Atlas Project, literature review, unpublished data collections",not specified,203 total; 72 an gambiae sl; 65 an arabiensis; 33 an funestus; 32 an gambiae s.s.; used 56 occurrence records for model building,,not specified,Tanzania,National,Anopheles,Anopheles,"MODIS (C, LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",land surface temperature,"land surface temperature, NDVI, land cover, elevation, human population distribution","elevation, human population, and land cover most important",no discussion of collinearity,no,also analyzed net usaage
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Kulkarni, MA; Desrochers, RE; Kajeguka, DC; Kaaya, RD; Tomayer, A; Kweka, EJ; Protopopoff, N; Mosha, FW","Kulkarni, Manisha A.; Desrochers, Rachelle E.; Kajeguka, Debora C.; Kaaya, Robert Diotrephes; Tomayer, Andrew; Kweka, Eliningaya J.; Protopopoff, Natacha; Mosha, Franklin W.",10 Years of Environmental Change on the Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and its Associated Shift in Malaria Vector Distributions,FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH,"Introduction: Malaria prevalence has declined in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania over the past 10 years, particularly at lower altitudes. While this decline has been related to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to achieve universal coverage targets, it has also been attributed to changes in environmental factors that are important for enabling and sustaining malaria transmission. Objectives: Herein, we apply spatial analytical approaches to investigate the impact of environmental and demographic changes, including changes in temperature, precipitation, land cover, and population density, on the range of the major malaria vector species Anopheles arabiensis in two districts of Tanzania, situated on the southern slope of Mount Kilimanjaro. These models are used to identify environmental changes that have occurred over a 10-year period and highlight the implications for malaria transmission in this highland region. Methods: Entomological data were collected from the Hai and Lower Moshi districts of Tanzania in 2001-2004 and 2014-2015. Vector occurrence data were applied alongside satellite remote sensing indices of climate and land cover, and gridded population data, to develop species distribution models for An. arabiensis for the 2004 and 2014 periods using maximum entropy. Models were compared to assess the relative contribution of different environmental and demographic factors to observed trends in vector species distribution in lowland and highland areas. Results: Changes in land cover were observed in addition to increased population densities, increased warm season temperature, and decreased wetness at low altitudes. The predicted area and extent of suitable habitat for An. arabiensis declined across the study area over the 10-year period, with notable contraction at lower altitudes, while species range in higher altitude zones expanded. Importantly, deforestation and warmer temperatures at higher altitudes may have created stable areas of suitable vector habitat in the highlands capable of sustaining malaria transmission. Conclusion: We show that environmental changes have had an important influence on the distribution of malaria vector species in a highland area of northern Tanzania. Highland areas may be at continued risk for sporadic malaria outbreaks despite the overall range contraction of principal vector species at lower altitudes, where malaria transmission remains at low intensity.","Protopopoff, Natacha/0000-0001-6698-4936; Desrochers, Rachelle/0000-0001-5169-3853",2296-2565,2016,10.3389/fpubh.2016.00281,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Historical records,"CDC light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, pit traps",Not specified,,not specified,Tanzania,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles arabiensis,"MODIS (C, LC), Kilimanjaro International Airport weather station data (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T),",Land surface temperature,"MODIS land cover, ndvi, evi, and lst, elevation",elevation was the primary predictor,correlation coefficient < 0.6,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cunze, S; Kochmann, J; Koch, LK; Klimpel, S","Cunze, Sarah; Kochmann, Judith; Koch, Lisa K.; Klimpel, Sven",Aedes albopictus and Its Environmental Limits in Europe,PLOS ONE,"The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, native to South East Asia, is listed as one of the worst invasive vector species worldwide. In Europe the species is currently restricted to Southern Europe, but due to the ongoing climate change, Ae. albopictus is expected to expand its potential range further northwards. In addition to modelling the habitat suitability for Ae. albopictus under current and future climatic conditions in Europe by means of the maximum entropy approach, we here focused on the drivers of the habitat suitability prediction. We explored the most limiting factors for Aedes albopictus in Europe under current and future climatic conditions, a method which has been neglected in species distribution modelling so far. Ae. albopictus is one of the best-studied mosquito species, which allowed us to evaluate the applied Maxent approach for most limiting factor mapping. We identified three key limiting factors for Ae. albopictus in Europe under current climatic conditions: winter temperature in Eastern Europe, summer temperature in Southern Europe. Model findings were in good accordance with commonly known establishment thresholds in Europe based on climate chamber experiments and derived from the geographical distribution of the species. Under future climatic conditions low winter temperature were modelled to remain the most limiting factor in Eastern Europe, whereas in Central Europe annual mean temperature and summer temperatures were modelled to be replaced by summer precipitation, respectively, as most limiting factors. Changes in the climatic conditions in terms of the identified key limiting factors will be of great relevance regarding the invasive potential of the Ae. albopictus. Thus, our results may help to understand the key drivers of the suggested range expansion under climate change and may help to improve monitoring programmes. The applied approach of investigating limiting factors has proven to yield valuable results and may also provide valuable insights into the drivers of the prediction of current and future distribution of other species. This might be particularly interesting for other vector species that are of increasing public health concerns.","Koch, Lisa/0000-0002-3064-8401; Kochmann, Judith/0000-0001-6312-7859",1932-6203,2016,10.1371/journal.pone.0162116,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,336,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,WorldClim (C),"annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, annual precipitation, mean january temperature, mean summer temperature, precipitation in spring, precipitation in summer, number of days with day length more than 13 hours","annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, temperature of the coldest quarter, mean january temperature, mean summer temperature",Winter- and summer-related temperature variables,"excluded highly correlated variables, cutoff not discussed",yes,future projections
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Samy, AM; Elaagip, AH; Kenawy, MA; Ayres, CFJ; Peterson, AT; Soliman, DE","Samy, Abdallah M.; Elaagip, Arwa H.; Kenawy, Mohamed A.; Ayres, Constancia F. J.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Soliman, Doaa E.","Climate Change Influences on the Global Potential Distribution of the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, Vector of West Nile Virus and Lymphatic Filariasis",PLOS ONE,"Rapid emergence of most vector-borne diseases (VBDs) may be associated with range expansion of vector populations. Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 is a potential vector of West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, and lymphatic filariasis. We estimated the potential distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus under both current and future climate conditions. The present potential distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus showed high suitability across low-latitude parts of the world, reflecting the current distribution of the species. Suitable conditions were identified also in narrow zones of North Africa and Western Europe. Model transfers to future conditions showed a potential distribution similar to that under present-day conditions, although with higher suitability in southern Australia. Highest stability with changing climate was between 30 degrees S and 30 degrees N. The areas present high agreement among diverse climate models as regards distributional potential in the future, but differed in anticipating potential for distribution in North and Central Africa, southern Asia, central USA, and southeastern Europe. Highest disparity in model predictions across representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was in Saudi Arabia and Europe. The model predictions allow anticipation of changing distributional potential of the species in coming decades.","Samy, Abdallah/0000-0003-3978-1134; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Soliman, Doaa/0000-0002-1646-9140; Kenawy, Mohamed/0000-0003-0855-5855",1932-6203,2016,10.1371/journal.pone.0163863,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"VectorMap, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, PubMed",na,1402,,not specified,Global,Global,Culex,culex quinquefasciatus,WorldClim (C),Bioclim,"Worldclim, bioclim minus bioclim 8-9 and 18-19",Future distributions vary by RCP,Used principal components analysis to reduce dimensionality and multicollinearity,yes,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Mweya, CN; Kimera, SI; Stanley, G; Misinzo, G; Mboera, LEG","Mweya, Clement N.; Kimera, Sharadhuli I.; Stanley, Grades; Misinzo, Gerald; Mboera, Leonard E. G.",Climate Change Influences Potential Distribution of Infected Aedes aegypti Co-Occurrence with Dengue Epidemics Risk Areas in Tanzania,PLOS ONE,"Background Dengue is the second most important vector-borne disease of humans globally after malaria. Incidence of dengue infections has dramatically increased recently, potentially due to changing climate. Climate projections models predict increases in average annual temperature, precipitation and extreme events in the future. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of changing climate on distribution of dengue vectors in relation to epidemic risk areas in Tanzania. Methods/Findings We used ecological niche models that incorporated presence-only infected Aedes aegypti data co-occurrence with dengue virus to estimate potential distribution of epidemic risk areas. Model input data on infected Ae. aegypti was collected during the May to June 2014 epidemic in Dar es Salaam. Bioclimatic predictors for current and future projections were also used as model inputs. Model predictions indicated that habitat suitability for infected Ae. aegypti co-occurrence with dengue virus in current scenarios is highly localized in the coastal areas, including Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro, Tanga and Zanzibar. Models indicate that areas of Kigoma, Ruvuma, Lindi, and those around Lake Victoria are also at risk. Projecting to 2020, we show that risk emerges in Mara, Arusha, Kagera and Manyara regions, but disappears in parts of Morogoro, Ruvuma and near Lake Nyasa. In 2050 climate scenario, the predicted habitat suitability of infected Ae. aegypti co-occurrence with dengue shifted towards the central and north-easternparts with intensification in areas around all major lakes. Generally, model findings indicated that the coastal regions would remain at high risk for dengue epidemic through 2050. Conclusion/Significance Models incorporating climate change scenarios to predict emerging risk areas for dengue epidemics in Tanzania show that the anticipated risk is immense and results help guiding public health policy decisions on surveillance and control of dengue epidemics. A collaborative approach is recommended to develop and adapt control and prevention strategies.","Misinzo, Gerald/0000-0003-1827-6403; Mweya, Clement/0000-0002-7227-3564",1932-6203,2016,10.1371/journal.pone.0162649,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval and adult sampling,"Mosquito magnets, larval dipping","368 total, but 27 dengue positive sites",,adults and larvae,Tanzania,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,WorldClim (C),bioclim,all bioclim,precipitation of driest month most important,variables were chosen using Jackknife procedures,yes,"future models done, modelled only dengue positive sites"
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Sallam, MF; Xue, RD; Pereira, RM; Koehler, PG","Sallam, Mohamed F.; Xue, Rui-De; Pereira, Roberto M.; Koehler, Phillip G.","Ecological niche modeling of mosquito vectors of West Nile virus in St. John's County, Florida, USA",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: The lack of available vaccines and consistent sporadic transmission of WNV justify the need for mosquito vector control and prediction of their geographic distribution. However, the distribution of WNV transmission is dependent on the mosquito vector and the ecological requirements, which vary from one place to another. Methods: Presence/density data of two WNV mosquito vectors, Culex nigripalpus and Cx. quinquefasciatus, was extracted within 5 km buffer zones around seropositive records of sentinel chickens in order to delineate their predicting variables and model the habitat suitability of probable infective mosquito using MaxEnt software. Different correlations between density data of the extracted mosquito vectors and 27 climate, land use-land cover, and land surface terrain variables were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Accordingly, the correlated predicting variables were used in building up habitat suitability model for the occurrence records of both mosquito vectors using MaxEnt. Results: The density of both WNV mosquito vectors showed variation in their ecological requirements. Eight predicting variables, out of 27, had significant influence on density of Cx. nigripalpus. Precipitation of driest months was shown to be the best predicting variable for the density of this vector (R-2 = 41.70). Whereas, two variables were proven to predict the distribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus density. Vegetation showed the maximum predicting gain to the density of this mosquito vector (R-2 = 15.74), where nestling birds, in particular exotics, are found. Moreover, Jackknife analysis in MaxEnt demonstrated that urbanization and vegetation data layers significantly contribute in predicting habitat suitability of Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. quinquefasciatus occurrence, respectively, which justifies the contribution of the former in urban and the latter in epizootic transmission cycles of WNV. In addition, habitat suitability risk maps were produced for both vectors in response to their predicting variables. Conclusions: For the first time in the study area, a quantitative relationship between 27 predicting variables and two WNV mosquito vectors within their foraging habitats was highlighted at the local scale. Accordingly, the predicting variables were used to produce a practical distribution map of probable infective mosquito vectors. This substantially helps in determining where suitable habitats are found. This will potentially help in designing target surveillance and control programmes, saving money, time and man-power. However, the suitability risk maps should be updated when serological and entomological data updates are available.","Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690; Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues/0000-0002-3723-5028",1756-3305,2016,10.1186/s13071-016-1646-7,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,CDC light traps baited wih dry ice,47 Cx quinquefasciatus; 51 Cx nigripalpus,,adults,United States,Sub-national,Culex,Culex nigripalpus and Cx. quinquefasciatus,"WorldClim (C, T), DEM (T), MODIS (LC)","Bioclim: mean temperature of coldest quarter, mean diurnal range; isothermality, temperature seasonality","mean temperature of coldest quarter,annual precipitation, precip of wettest month, precip of driest month, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, hillshade, leaf area index, human population settlements","bio 3, 4, 11 important, precipitation and urbanization important for nigripalpus; leaf area index cx quinquefasciatus",stepwise linear regression model with JMP pro,no,weighted presence records by density of mosquito vectors
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Lainhart, W; Dutari, LC; Rovira, JR; Sucupira, IMC; Povoa, MM; Conn, JE; Loaiza, JR","Lainhart, William; Dutari, Larissa C.; Rovira, Jose R.; Sucupira, Izis M. C.; Povoa, Marinete M.; Conn, Jan E.; Loaiza, Jose R.",Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Hot Spots of Malaria Transmission Occur in Indigenous Comarcas of Panama,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"From 2002-2005, Panama experienced a malaria epidemic that has been associated with El Nino Southern Oscillation weather patterns, decreased funding for malaria control, and landscape modification. Case numbers quickly decreased afterward, and Panama is now in the pre-elimination stage of malaria eradication. To achieve this new goal, the characterization of epidemiological risk factors, foci of transmission, and important anopheline vectors is needed. Of the 24,681 reported cases in these analyses (2000-2014), similar to 62% occurred in epidemic years and similar to 44% in indigenous comarcas (5.9% of Panama's population). Subanalyses comparing overall numbers of cases in epidemic and non-epidemic years identified females, comarcas and some 5-year age categories as those disproportionately affected by malaria during epidemic years. Annual parasites indices (APIs; number of cases per 1,000 persons) for Plasmodium vivax were higher in comarcas compared to provinces for all study years, though P. falciparum APIs were only higher in comarcas during epidemic years. Interestingly, two comarcas report increasing numbers of cases annually, despite national annual decreases. Inclusion of these comarcas within identified foci of malaria transmission confirmed their roles in continued transmission. Comparison of species distribution models for two important anophelines with Plasmodium case distribution suggest An. albimanus is the primary malaria vector in Panama, confirmed by identification of nine P. vivax-infected specimen pools. Future malaria eradication strategies in Panama should focus on indigenous comarcas and include both active surveillance for cases and comprehensive anopheline vector surveys.","Povoa, Marinete Marins/0000-0003-3517-2227; Lainhart, William/0000-0002-9372-6737; Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020",1935-2735,2016,10.1371/journal.pntd.0004718,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"VectorMap, literature review",na,not specified,,not specified,panama,National,Anopheles,"An. Albimanus, An puctimacula","WorldClim (C, T), NRCS Global Soil Regions Map, USGS Hydro, Univ. of Maryland Continuous Tree Cover (LC)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, world soil suborder, altitude, water flow accumultion, flow direction, tree cover","final model altitude, soil substrate, tree cover, bio2, bio4, bio9",removed from pairwise correlation > 0.8,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Ganser, C; Gregory, AJ; McNew, LB; Hunt, LA; Sandercock, BK; Wisely, SM","Ganser, Claudia; Gregory, Andrew J.; McNew, Lance B.; Hunt, Lyla A.; Sandercock, Brett K.; Wisely, Samantha M.",Fine-scale distribution modeling of avian malaria vectors in north-central Kansas,JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"Infectious diseases increasingly play a role in the decline of wildlife populations. Vector-borne diseases, in particular, have been implicated in mass mortality events and localized population declines are threatening some species with extinction. Transmission patterns for vector-borne diseases are influenced by the spatial distribution of vectors and are therefore not uniform across the landscape. Avian malaria is a globally distributed vector-borne disease that has been shown to affect endemic bird populations of North America. We evaluated shared habitat use between avian malaria vectors, mosquitoes in the genus Culex and a native grassland bird, the Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), by (1) modeling the distribution of Culex spp. occurrence across the Smoky Hills of north-central Kansas using detection data and habitat variables, (2) assessing the occurrence of these vectors at nests of female Greater Prairie-Chickens, and (3) evaluating if shared habitat use between vectors and hosts is correlated with malarial infection status of the Greater Prairie-Chicken. Our results indicate that Culex occurrence increased at nest locations compared to other available but unoccupied grassland habitats; however the shared habitat use between vectors and hosts did not result in an increased prevalence of malarial parasites in Greater Prairie-Chickens that occupied habitats with high vector occurrence. We developed a predictive map to illustrate the associations between Culex occurrence and infection status with malarial parasites in an obligate grassland bird that may be used to guide management decisions to limit the spread of vector-borne diseases.","Sandercock, Brett K/0000-0002-9240-0268",1081-1710,2016,10.1111/jvec.12202,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,CDC CO2 miniature light traps,20,CDC miniature light traps,adults,Kansas,Sub-national,Culex,Culex,"Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (LC), USGS DEM (T), NRCS Soil Survey",no,"distance to water, elevation topographic wetness index, distance to woodland, curvature, aspect, distance to road, drainage class, slope","distance to water, ephemeral water sources most important predictors",,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Koch, LK; Cunze, S; Werblow, A; Kochmann, J; Dorge, DD; Mehlhorn, H; Klimpel, S","Koch, Lisa K.; Cunze, Sarah; Werblow, Antje; Kochmann, Judith; Doerge, Dorian D.; Mehlhorn, Heinz; Klimpel, Sven",Modeling the habitat suitability for the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany,PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH,"Climatic changes raise the risk of re-emergence of arthropod-borne virus outbreaks globally. These viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors, often mosquitoes. Due to increasing worldwide trade and tourism, these vector species are often accidentally introduced into many countries beyond their former distribution range. Aedes albopictus, a well-known disease vector, was detected for the first time in Germany in 2007, but seems to have failed establishment until today. However, the species is known to occur in other temperate regions and a risk for establishment in Germany remains, especially in the face of predicted climate change. Thus, the goal of the study was to estimate the potential distribution of Ae. albopictus in Germany. We used ecological niche modeling in order to estimate the potential habitat suitability for this species under current and projected future climatic conditions. According to our model, there are already two areas in western and southern Germany that appear suitable for Ae. albopictus under current climatic conditions. One of these areas lies in Baden-Wuerttemberg, the other in North-Rhine Westphalia in the Ruhr region. Furthermore, projections under future climatic conditions show an increase of the modeled habitat suitability throughout Germany. Ae. albopictus is supposed to be better acclimated to colder temperatures than other tropical vectors and thus, might become, triggered by climate change, a serious threat to public health in Germany. Our modeling results can help optimizing the design of monitoring programs currently in place in Germany.","Kochmann, Judith/0000-0001-6312-7859; Koch, Lisa/0000-0002-3064-8401",0932-0113,2016,10.1007/s00436-015-4822-3,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, ECDC",na,96,,not specified,Germany,National,Aedes,ae albopictus,WorldClim (C),"annual mean temperature, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter","annual mean temperature, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, altitude",mean temperature of the coldest quarter,"no discussion of collinearity, but only included 5 variables",yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Ren, ZP; Wang, DQ; Ma, AM; Hwang, J; Bennett, A; Sturrock, HJW; Fan, JF; Zhang, WJ; Yang, D; Feng, XY; Xia, ZG; Zhou, XN; Wang, JF","Ren, Zhoupeng; Wang, Duoquan; Ma, Aimin; Hwang, Jimee; Bennett, Adam; Sturrock, Hugh J. W.; Fan, Junfu; Zhang, Wenjie; Yang, Dian; Feng, Xinyu; Xia, Zhigui; Zhou, Xiao-Nong; Wang, Jinfeng",Predicting malaria vector distribution under climate change scenarios in China: Challenges for malaria elimination,SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,"Projecting the distribution of malaria vectors under climate change is essential for planning integrated vector control activities for sustaining elimination and preventing reintroduction of malaria. In China, however, little knowledge exists on the possible effects of climate change on malaria vectors. Here we assess the potential impact of climate change on four dominant malaria vectors (An. dirus, An. minimus, An. lesteri and An. sinensis) using species distribution models for two future decades: the 2030 s and the 2050 s. Simulation-based estimates suggest that the environmentally suitable area (ESA) for An. dirus and An. minimus would increase by an average of 49% and 16%, respectively, under all three scenarios for the 2030 s, but decrease by 11% and 16%, respectively in the 2050 s. By contrast, an increase of 36% and 11%, respectively, in ESA of An. lesteri and An. sinensis, was estimated under medium stabilizing (RCP4.5) and very heavy (RCP8.5) emission scenarios. in the 2050 s. In total, we predict a substantial net increase in the population exposed to the four dominant malaria vectors in the decades of the 2030 s and 2050 s, considering land use changes and urbanization simultaneously. Strategies to achieve and sustain malaria elimination in China will need to account for these potential changes in vector distributions and receptivity.","Fan, Junfu/0000-0001-8987-7930; Ren, Zhoupeng/0000-0003-1766-2820; Wang, Jinfeng/0000-0002-6687-9420; FENG, XINYU/0000-0002-4120-7759; Sturrock, Hugh/0000-0002-0029-3101",2045-2322,2016,10.1038/srep20604,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, surveillance sites",na,27 an dirus; 33 an minimus; 59 an lesteri; 95 an sinensis,species presence at county level,not specified,China,National,Anopheles,"An. dirus, An. minimus, An. lesteri and An. sinensis","WorldClim (C), Hurtt et al. ""harmonized"" land use grid (LC)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, land use data",an dirus affected by annual temperature range and precipitation of wettest quarter; an minimus affected by mean temp of coldest quarter and annual temp range; an lesteri and an sinensis affected by precipitation of driest quarter and fraction of urban area within grid cell,Pearson’s correlation coefficients<0.75,yes,"Had species presence at the county level, then generated points within counties"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Fuller, DO; Alimi, T; Herrera, S; Beier, JC; Quinones, ML","Fuller, Douglas O.; Alimi, Temitope; Herrera, Socrates; Beier, John C.; Quinones, Martha L.",Spatial association between malaria vector species richness and malaria in Colombia,ACTA TROPICA,"Malaria transmission in Colombia is highly variable in space and time. Using a species distribution model, we mapped potential distribution of five vector species including Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles neivai, and Anopheles nuneztovari in five Departments of Colombia where malaria transmission remains problematic. We overlaid the range maps of the five species to reveal areas of sympatry and related per-pixel species richness to mean annual parasite index (API) for 2011-2014 mapped by municipality (n = 287). The relationship between mean number of vector species per municipality and API was evaluated using a Poisson regression, which revealed a highly significant relationship between species richness and API (p = 0 for Wald Chi-Square statistic). The results suggest that areas of relatively high transmission in Colombia typically contain higher number of vector species than areas with unstable transmission and that future elimination strategies should account for vector species richness. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Alimi, Temitope/0000-0002-7161-6190",0001-706X,2016,10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.008,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Malaria Atlas Project library, International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research",na,624 an albimanus; 61 an calderoni; 245 an darlingi; 70 an neivai; 544 an nuneztovari,,Adults and larvae,Colombia,Sub-national,Anopheles,"Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles neivai, and Anopheles nuneztovari","Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), WorldClim (C), SIGOT (LC), MODIS (LC)",,"topography, precipitation, temperature from worldclim, biomes and hydrological basins, annual mean/max/min/sd EVI, topographic wetness index","altitude contributed most to the different species except an nuneztovari, which was influenced by hydrologic basin",no discussion of collinearity,no,estimated species richness by overlapping SDMs
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Naeem, M; Alahmed, AM; Kheir, SM; Sallam, MF","Naeem, M.; Alahmed, A. M.; Kheir, S. M.; Sallam, M. F.","Spatial distribution modeling of Stegomyia aegypti and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Al-bahah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",TROPICAL BIOMEDICINE,"Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever are the most important mosquito-borne diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The characteristic habitat requirements of Stegomyia aegypti and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the two mosquito vectors will help in the identification of high risk areas in their development. Species distribution modelling was assessed by using MaxEnt software combined with geographical information systems (GIS) to predict suitable larval habitats for these two vectors and develop potential risk maps that can be used for their targeted control. Climate and topographical data layers from Worldclim and larval occurrence records were used to model these two vectors. The results showed that suitable habitats of St. aegypti are widely distributed only in the central region and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were in the central and southwestern parts of Al-Bahah Province. The highest predictive power was shown by topographical variables in St. aegypti modeling and the minor contributions were shown by precipitation and temperature related variables. The maximum contribution was shown by temperature related variables and minor contribution was shown by topographical and precipitation related variables in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus modeling. Linear regression model indicates non significant correlation between TDS/pH and species abundance of these two mosquitoes.",,0127-5720,2016,,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,350 ml plastic dipper,63,111 sites sampled,larvae,Saudi Arabia,National,Multiple,Stegomyia aegypti and Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"WorldClim (C), DIVA-GIS (LC, T)",Bioclim,"All bioclim variables; slope, aspect, altitude, water/streams, roads, soil, dams","Elevation, soil, slope, precipitation of coldest quarter most important for aegypti; min temperature of coldest month, slope, mean temperature of driest quarter, precipitation of coldest quarter for culex tritaeniorhynchus",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Espinosa, MO; Polop, F; Rotela, CH; Abril, M; Scavuzzo, CM","Espinosa, Manuel O.; Polop, Francisco; Rotela, Camilo H.; Abril, Marcelo; Scavuzzo, Carlos M.",Spatial pattern evolution of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in an Argentinean city without a dengue vector control programme,GEOSPATIAL HEALTH,"The main objective of this study was to obtain and analyse the space-time dynamics of Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Clorinda City, Formosa Province, Argentina coupled with landscape analysis using the maximum entropy approach in order to generate a dengue vector niche model. In urban areas, without vector control activities, 12 entomologic (larval) samplings were performed during three years (October 2011 to October 2014). The entomologic surveillance area represented 16,511 houses. Predictive models for Aedes distribution were developed using vector breeding abundance data, density analysis, clustering and geoprocessing techniques coupled with Earth observation satellite data. The spatial analysis showed a vector spatial distribution pattern with clusters of high density in the central region of Clorinda with a well-defined high-risk area in the western part of the city. It also showed a differential temporal behaviour among different areas, which could have implications for risk models and control strategies at the urban scale. The niche model obtained for Ae. aegypti, based on only one year of field data, showed that 85.8% of the distribution of breeding sites is explained by the percentage of water supply (48.2%), urban distribution (33.2%), and the percentage of urban coverage (4.4%). The consequences for the development of control strategies are discussed with reference to the results obtained using distribution maps based on environmental variables.",,1827-1987,2016,10.4081/gh.2016.471,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,not specified,3508,"unclear if this is the actual number of sites used; this is number of breeding sites, but some must be from the same house",larvae,Argentina,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"SPOT 5 (LC), Landsat (C), INDEC (water availability)",no temperature,"distance from land cover types, percentage land cover type, drinking water accessibility, normalised burn ratio thermal layer, distance to critical habitat points (cemetery, garbage dump)","water accessibility, urban building density mot important",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Fatima, SH; Atif, S; Rasheed, SB; Zaidi, F; Hussain, E","Fatima, Syeda Hira; Atif, Salman; Rasheed, Syed Basit; Zaidi, Farrah; Hussain, Ejaz",Species Distribution Modelling of Aedes aegypti in two dengue-endemic regions of Pakistan,TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH,"ObjectivesStatistical tools are effectively used to determine the distribution of mosquitoes and to make ecological inferences about the vector-borne disease dynamics. In this study, we utilised species distribution models to understand spatial patterns of Aedes aegypti in two dengue-prevalent regions of Pakistan, Lahore and Swat. Species distribution models can potentially indicate the probability of suitability of Ae. aegypti once introduced to new regions like Swat, where invasion of this species is a recent phenomenon. MethodsThe distribution of Ae. aegypti was determined by applying the MaxEnt algorithm on a set of potential environmental factors and species sample records. The ecological dependency of species on each environmental variable was analysed using response curves. We quantified the statistical performance of the models based on accuracy assessment and spatial predictions. ResultsOur results suggest that Ae. aegypti is widely distributed in Lahore. Human population density and urban infrastructure are primarily responsible for greater probability of mosquito occurrence in this region. In Swat, Ae. aegypti has clumped distribution, where urban patches provide refuge to the species in an otherwise hostile heterogeneous environment and road networks are assumed to have facilitated in passive-mediated dispersal of species. ConclusionsIn Pakistan, Ae. aegypti is expanding its range northwards; this could be associated with rapid urbanisation, trade and travel. The main implication of this expansion is that more people are at risk of dengue fever in the northern highlands of Pakistan.",,1360-2276,2016,10.1111/tmi.12664,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling and adult sampling,suction sweepers,131 Lahore; 89 Swat,,adults and larvae,Pakistan,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"WorldClim (C), Landsat (LC), WorldPop (POP), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",bioclim,"Bioclim, land use land cover, human population density, elevation",pop density most important,principal components analysis,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Espinosa, M; Weinberg, D; Rotela, CH; Polop, F; Abril, M; Scavuzzo, CM","Espinosa, Manuel; Weinberg, Diego; Rotela, Camilo H.; Polop, Francisco; Abril, Marcelo; Marcelo Scavuzzo, Carlos","Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Patterns of Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites, in the Context of a Dengue Control Program in Tartagal (Salta Province, Argentina)",PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"Background Since 2009, Fundacion Mundo Sano has implemented an Aedes aegypti Surveillance and Control Program in Tartagal city (Salta Province, Argentina). The purpose of this study was to analyze temporal dynamics of Ae. aegypti breeding sites spatial distribution, during five years of samplings, and the effect of control actions over vector population dynamics. Methodology/Principal Findings Seasonal entomological (larval) samplings were conducted in 17,815 fixed sites in Tartagal urban area between 2009 and 2014. Based on information of breeding sites abundance, from satellite remote sensing data (RS), and by the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spatial analysis (hotspots and cluster analysis) and predictive model (MaxEnt) were performed. Spatial analysis showed a distribution pattern with the highest breeding densities registered in city outskirts. The model indicated that 75% of Ae. aegypti distribution is explained by 3 variables: bare soil coverage percentage (44.9%), urbanization coverage percentage(13.5%) and water distribution (11.6%). Conclusions/Significance This results have called attention to the way entomological field data and information from geospatial origin (RS/GIS) are used to infer scenarios which could then be applied in epidemiological surveillance programs and in the determination of dengue control strategies. Predictive maps development constructed with Ae. aegypti systematic spatiotemporal data, in Tartagal city, would allow public health workers to identify and target high-risk areas with appropriate and timely control measures. These tools could help decision-makers to improve health system responses and preventive measures related to vector control.",,1935-2735,2016,10.1371/journal.pntd.0004621,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,Focal Cycle method,unclear,,larvae,Argentina,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"SPOT 5J (LC), INDEC (water availability)",no temperature,"distance from land cover types, percentage land cover type, access to drinking water, distance to critical habitat points (cemetery, garbage dump)","percentage bare soil, percentage urban, water accessibility most important",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Santos, J; Meneses, BM","Santos, Jose; Meneses, Bruno M.","An integrated approach for the assessment of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus global spatial distribution, and determination of the zones susceptible to the development of Zika virus",ACTA TROPICA,"The Zika virus, one of the new epidemic diseases, is reported to have affected millions of people in the past year. The suitable climate conditions of the areas where Zika virus has been reported, especially in areas with a high population density, are the main cause of the current outbreak and spread of the disease. Indeed, the suitable climatic conditions of certain territories constitute perfect breading nest for the propagation and outbreak of worldwide diseases. The main objective of this research is to analyze the global distribution and predicted areas of both mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus which are the main vectors of Zika virus. Physical (SRTM) and climatic variables (WorldClim) were used to obtain the susceptibility maps based on the optimum conditions for the development of these mosquitoes. The susceptibility model was developed using a Species Distribution Model - correlative model, namely the Maximum Entropy, that used as input the spatial references of both vectors (Dryad Digital Repository). The results show the most important classes of each independent variable used in assessing the presence of each species of mosquitoes and the areas susceptible to the presence of these vector species. It turns out that Ae. aegypti has greater global dispersion than the Ae. albopictus specie, although two common regions stand out as the most prone to the presence of both mosquito species (tropical and subtropical zones). The crossing of these areas of greater susceptibility with areas of greater population density (e.g. India, China, Se of USA and Brazil) shows some agreement, and these areas stand out due to the presence of several records of Zika virus (HealthMap Project). In this sense, through the intersection of susceptibility and human exposure the areas with increased risk of development and spread of Zika virus are pinpointed, suggesting that there may be a new outbreak of this virus in these places, if preventive measures are not adopted.(C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Meneses, Bruno/0000-0003-3348-6732",0001-706X,2017,10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.015,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Kraemer,na,19930 ae aegypti; 22137 ae albopictus,,not specified,global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), SEDAC (POP)","mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter","mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldes quarter, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of driest quarter, elevation, population density","mean temperature of coldest quarter, precipitation of wettest quarter, elevation most important for ae aegypti; precipitation of the driest quarter, temperature of the warmest quarter, temp of coldest quarter for albopictus",mentioned maxent was chosen because correlation could exist between variables,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Mweya, CN; Mboera, LEG; Kimera, SI","Mweya, Clement N.; Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Kimera, Sharadhuli I.",Climate Influence on Emerging Risk Areas for Rift Valley Fever Epidemics in Tanzania,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE,"Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a climate-related arboviral infection of animals and humans. Climate is thought to represent a threat toward emerging risk areas for RVF epidemics globally. The objective of this study was to evaluate influence of climate on distribution of suitable breeding habitats for Culex pipiens complex, potential mosquito vector responsible for transmission and distribution of disease epidemics risk areas in Tanzania. We used ecological niche models to estimate potential distribution of disease risk areas based on vectors and disease co-occurrence data approach. Climatic variables for the current and future scenarios were used as model inputs. Changes in mosquito vectors' habitat suitability in relation to disease risk areas were estimated. Weused partial receiver operating characteristic and the area under the curves approach to evaluate model predictive performance and significance. Habitat suitability for Cx. pipiens complex indicated broad-scale potential for change and shift in the distribution of the vectors and disease for both 2020 and 2050 climatic scenarios. Risk areas indicated more intensification in the areas surrounding Lake Victoria and northeastern part of the country through 2050 climate scenario. Models show higher probability of emerging risk areas spreading toward the western parts of Tanzania from northeastern areas and decrease in the southern part of the country. Results presented here identified sites for consideration to guide surveillance and control interventions to reduce risk of RVF disease epidemics in Tanzania. A collaborative approach is recommended to develop and adapt climate-related disease control and prevention strategies.","Mweya, Clement/0000-0002-7227-3564",0002-9637,2017,10.4269/ajtmh.16-0444,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,"CO2-baited CDC light traps, Mosquito magnets baited with octenol attractants",Not specified,"collected adults in Ngorongoro District, but all of Tanzania modelled; sampling information in Mweya et al 2015 paper",adults,Tanzania,National,Culex,Culex pipiens,WorldClim (C),Bioclim,"Bio10, bio11, bio3, bio12, bio2, bio1, bio17, bio14, bio8, bio15, bio4, bio6, bio13; mean temp warmest quarter, mean temp coldest quarter, isothermality, annual precipitation, mean diurnal range, annual mean temperature, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of driest month, mean temperature of wettest quarter, precipitation seasonality, temperature seasonality, min temperature of coldest month, precipitation of wettest month","mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, isothermality, and annual precipitation important",no discussion of collinearity,yes,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Moua, Y; Roux, E; Girod, R; Dusfour, I; de Thoisy, B; Seyler, F; Briolant, S","Moua, Yi; Roux, Emmanuel; Girod, Romain; Dusfour, Isabelle; de Thoisy, Benoit; Seyler, Frederique; Briolant, Sebastien",Distribution of the Habitat Suitability of the Main Malaria Vector in French Guiana Using Maximum Entropy Modeling,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Malaria is an important health issue in French Guiana. Its principal mosquito vector in this region is Anopheles darlingi Root. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of this species is still very incomplete due to the extent of French Guiana and the difficulty to access most of the territory. Species distribution modeling based on the maximal entropy procedure was used to predict the spatial distribution of An. darlingi using 39 presence sites. The resulting model provided significantly high prediction performances (mean 10-fold cross-validated partial area under the curve and continuous Boyce index equal to, respectively, 1.11-with a level of omission error of 20%- and 0.42). The model also provided a habitat suitability map and environmental response curves in accordance with the known entomological situation. Several environmental characteristics that had a positive correlation with the presence of An. darlingi were highlighted: nonpermanent anthropogenic changes of the natural environment, the presence of roads and tracks, and opening of the forest. Some geomorphological landforms and high altitude landscapes appear to be unsuitable for An. darlingi. The species distribution modeling was able to reliably predict the distribution of suitable habitats for An. darlingi in French Guiana. Results allowed completion of the knowledge of the spatial distribution of the principal malaria vector in this Amazonian region, and identification of the main factors that favor its presence. They should contribute to the definition of a necessary targeted vector control strategy in a malaria pre-elimination stage, and allow extrapolation of the acquired knowledge to other Amazonian or malaria-endemic contexts.","Dusfour, Isabelle/0000-0002-5265-8432; Roux, Emmanuel/0000-0003-2266-8207",0022-2585,2017,10.1093/jme/tjw199,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,"Human landing catches, CDC light traps, mosquito magnet traps baited with octenol",39,human landing catch and traps,adults,French Guiana,National,Anopheles,An. Darlingi,"French Forest Office Geomorphological landforms (T), CIRAD (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), French Institute of Geographical and Forestry Information BD TOPO (roads/tracks), human impact (de Thoisy et al.)",no,"percentage urbanization, percentage urbanization within neighborhood of cells, human activity score, roads and tracks, landscape, geomorphological landscape, geomorphological landform, minimum altitude","roads largest contribution, urbanization in neighborhood, landscape",no discussion of collinearity,no,"model was in French Guiana, which technically a region of France-- so sub-country vs country?"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Baak-Baak, CM; Moo-Llanes, DA; Cigarroa-Toledo, N; Puerto, FI; Machain-Williams, C; Reyes-Solis, G; Nakazawa, YJ; Ulloa-Garcia, A; Garcia-Rejon, JE","Baak-Baak, Carlos M.; Moo-Llanes, David A.; Cigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi; Puerto, Fernando I.; Machain-Williams, Carlos; Reyes-Solis, Guadalupe; Nakazawa, Yoshinori J.; Ulloa-Garcia, Armando; Garcia-Rejon, Julian E.","Ecological Niche Model for Predicting Distribution of Disease-Vector Mosquitoes in Yucatan State, Mexico",JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"The majority of the Yucatan State, Mexico, presents subtropical climate that is suitable for many species of mosquitoes that are known to be vectors of diseases, including those from the genera Aedes and Culex. The objective of this study is to identify the geographic distribution of five species from these two genera and estimate the human population at risk of coming in contact with them. We compiled distributional data for Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes (Howardina) cozumelensis (Diaz Najera), Culex coronator Dyar and Knab, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Culex thriambus Dyar from several entomological studies in Yucatan between March 2010 and September 2014. Based on these data, we constructed ecological niche models to predict the spatial distribution of each species using the MaxEnt algorithm. Our models identified areas with suitable environments for Ae. aegypti in most of Yucatan. A similar percentage of urban (97.1%) and rural (96.5%) populations were contained in areas of highest suitability for Ae. aegypti, and no spatial pattern was found (Moran's I = 0.33, P = 0.38); however, we found an association of abundance of immature forms of this species with annual mean temperature (r = 0.19, P <= 0.001) and annual precipitation (r = 0.21, P <= 0.001). Aedes cozumelensis is also distributed in most areas of the Yucatan State; Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. coronator, and Cx. thriambus are restricted to the northwest. The information generated in this study can inform decision-making to address control measures in priority areas with presence of these vectors.","Cigarroa, Nohemi/0000-0002-0363-0222; Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/0000-0002-6681-1581; Reyes-Solis, Guadalupe del Carmen/0000-0002-2362-8541; Baak-Baak, Carlos M./0000-0002-3772-6740; Puerto, Fernando I./0000-0001-9726-2039",0022-2585,2017,10.1093/jme/tjw243,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"larval sampling, literature","nets, turkey basters, pipettes",1530 ae. aegypti; 11 ae. cozumelensis; 11 cx. Coronator; 112 cx. Quinquefasciatus; 12 cx. Thriambus,,adults and larvae,Mexico,Sub-national,Multiple,"Aedes aegypti, Aedes cozumelensis, Culex coronator, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex thriambus","WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T)",annual mean temperature; temperature seasonality; max temperature of warmest month; max temperature of coldest month; temperature annual range;,"Bio1, Bio4, Bio5, Bio6, Bio7, Bio12, Bio13, Bio14, Bio15, aspect, slope, topographic index, elevation","annual precipitation, annual mean temperature most important for aegypti",correlation coefficent < 0.75,no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Filatov, S","Filatov, Serhii","Little pigeons can carry great messages: potential distribution and ecology of Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) unguiculata Edwards, 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae), a lesser-known mosquito species from the Western Palaearctic",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Uranotaenia unguiculata is a Palaearctic mosquito species with poorly known distribution and ecology. This study is aimed at filling the gap in our understanding of the species potential distribution and its environmental requirements through a species distribution modelling (SDM) exercise. Furthermore, aspects of the mosquito ecology that may be relevant to the epidemiology of certain zoonotic vector-borne diseases in Europe are discussed. Results: A maximum entropy (Maxent) modelling approach has been applied to predict the potential distribution of Ur. unguiculata in the Western Palaearctic. Along with the high accuracy and predictive power, the model reflects well the known species distribution and predicts as highly suitable some areas where the occurrence of the species is hitherto unknown. Conclusions: To our knowledge, the potential distribution of a mosquito species from the genus Uranotaenia is modelled for the first time. Provided that Ur. unguiculata is a widely-distributed species, and some pathogens of zoonotic concern have been detected in this mosquito on several occasions, the question regarding its host associations and possible epidemiological role warrants further investigation.","Filatov, Serhii/0000-0002-8071-9781",1756-3305,2017,10.1186/s13071-017-2410-3,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, VectorMap",na,308,,not specified,"Europe, North Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, and South-Central Asia",Regional,Other,Uranotaenia unguiculata,WorldClim (C),bioclim,bioclim,mean temperature of the coldest quarter,correlation coefficient > 0.80,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Johnson, TL; Haque, U; Monaghan, AJ; Eisen, L; Hahn, MB; Hayden, MH; Savage, HM; McAllister, J; Mutebi, JP; Eisen, RJ","Johnson, Tammi L.; Haque, Ubydul; Monaghan, Andrew J.; Eisen, Lars; Hahn, Micah B.; Hayden, Mary H.; Savage, Harry M.; McAllister, Janet; Mutebi, John-Paul; Eisen, Rebecca J.",Modeling the Environmental Suitability for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Contiguous United States,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"The mosquitoes Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.)(Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) transmit dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses and represent a growing public health threat in parts of the United States where they are established. To complement existing mosquito presence records based on discontinuous, non-systematic surveillance efforts, we developed county-scale environmental suitability maps for both species using maximum entropy modeling to fit climatic variables to county presence records from 1960-2016 in the contiguous United States. The predictive models for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus had an overall accuracy of 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. Cumulative growing degree days (GDDs) during the winter months, an indicator of overall warmth, was the most important predictive variable for both species and was positively associated with environmental suitability. The number (percentage) of counties classified as environmentally suitable, based on models with 90 or 99% sensitivity, ranged from 1,443 (46%) to 2,209 (71%) for Ae. aegypti and from 1,726 (55%) to 2,329 (75%) for Ae. albopictus. Increasing model sensitivity results in more counties classified as suitable, at least for summer survival, from which there are no mosquito records. We anticipate that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus will be found more commonly in counties classified as suitable based on the lower 90% sensitivity threshold compared with the higher 99% threshold. Counties predicted suitable with 90% sensitivity should therefore be a top priority for expanded mosquito surveillance efforts while still keeping in mind that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus may be introduced, via accidental transport of eggs or immatures, and potentially proliferate during the warmest part of the year anywhere within the geographic areas delineated by the 99% sensitivity model.","Johnson, Tammi/0000-0002-0752-0012",0022-2585,2017,10.1093/jme/tjx163,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,291 aegypti; 1568 albopictus,Hahn et al paper major source,adults and larvae,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",Daymet (C),"max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of coldest month, temperature annual range","max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of coldest month, temperature annual range, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of driest month, precipitation seasonality, cumulative magnitude by which daily average temps exceed baseline of 10 c","cumulative days greater than 10 celsius most important for aegypti; precip of driest month, cumulative days > 10 c for ae albopictus",correlation coefficient < 0.8,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Altamiranda-Saavedra, M; Arboleda, S; Parra, JL; Peterson, AT; Correa, MM","Altamiranda-Saavedra, Mariano; Arboleda, Sair; Parra, Juan L.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Correa, Margarita M.",Potential distribution of mosquito vector species in a primary malaria endemic region of Colombia,PLOS ONE,"Rapid transformation of natural ecosystems changes ecological conditions for important human disease vector species; therefore, an essential task is to identify and understand the variables that shape distributions of these species to optimize efforts toward control and mitigation. Ecological niche modeling was used to estimate the potential distribution and to assess hypotheses of niche similarity among the three main malaria vector species in northern Colombia: Anopheles nuneztovari, An. albimanus, and An. darlingi. Georeferenced point collection data and remotely sensed, fine-resolution satellite imagery were integrated across the Uraba-Bajo Cauca-Alto Sinu malaria endemic area using a maximum entropy algorithm. Results showed that An. nuneztovari has the widest geographic distribution, occupying almost the entire study region; this niche breadth is probably related to the ability of this species to colonize both, natural and disturbed environments. The model for An. darlingi showed that most suitable localities for this species in Bajo Cauca were along the Cauca and Nechi river. The riparian ecosystems in this region and the potential for rapid adaptation by this species to novel environments, may favor the establishment of populations of this species. Apparently, the three main Colombian Anopheles vector species in this endemic area do not occupy environments either with high seasonality, or with low seasonality and high NDVI values. Estimated overlap in geographic space between An. nuneztovari and An. albimanus indicated broad spatial and environmental similarity between these species. An. nuneztovari has a broader niche and potential distribution. Dispersal ability of these species and their ability to occupy diverse environmental situations may facilitate sym-patry across many environmental and geographic contexts. These model results may be useful for the design and implementation of malaria species-specific vector control interventions optimized for this important malaria region.","Correa, Margarita M./0000-0003-2419-7269",1932-6203,2017,10.1371/journal.pone.0179093,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Human landing catch,Human landings catches,100 an nuneztovari; 69 an darlingi; 88 an albimanus,,adults,Colombia,Sub-national,Anopheles,"Anopheles nuneztovari, An. albimanus, and An. darlingi",MODIS (LC),no,NDVI,"three species in sympatry, but slightly differing/overlapping niches","69 NDVI modis images, reduced by PCA",no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Pakdad, K; Hanafi-Bojd, AA; Vatandoost, H; Sedaghat, MM; Raeisi, A; Moghaddam, AS; Foroushani, AR","Pakdad, Kamran; Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali; Vatandoost, Hassan; Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi; Raeisi, Ahmad; Moghaddam, Abdolreza Salahi; Foroushani, Abbas Rahimi","Predicting the potential distribution of main malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi, An. culicifacies s.l. and An. fluviatilis s.l. in Iran based on maximum entropy model",ACTA TROPICA,"Malaria is considered as a major public health problem in southern areas of Iran. The goal of this study was to predict best ecological niches of three main malaria vectors of Iran: Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles culicifacies s.l. and Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. A databank was created which included all published data about Anopheles species of Iran from 1961 to 2015. The suitable environmental niches for the three above mentioned Anopheles species were predicted using maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). AUC (area under Roc curve) values were 0.943, 0.974 and 0.956 for An. stephensi, An. culicifacies s.l. and An. fluviatilis s.l respectively, which are considered as high potential power of model in the prediction of species niches. The biggest bioclimatic contributor for An. stephensi and An. fluviatilis s.l. was bio 15 (precipitation seasonality), 25.5% and 36.1% respectively, followed by bio 1 (annual mean temperature), 20.8% for An. stephensi and bio 4 (temperature seasonality) with 49.4% contribution for An. culicifacies s.l. This is the first step in the mapping of the country's malaria vectors. Hence, future weather situation can change the dispersal maps of Anopheles. Iran is under elimination phase of malaria, so that such spatio-temporal studies are essential and could provide guideline for decision makers for IVM strategies in problematic areas. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",", Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat/0000-0002-1365-0796; Raesei, Ahmad Reza/0000-0003-3690-096X; Vatandoost, Hassan/0000-0002-5983-9420",0001-706X,2017,10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.004,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review,na,"1103 an stephensi, 215 an culicifacies, 485 an fluviatilis",,not specified,Iran,National,Anopheles,"Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles culicifacies s.l. and Anopheles fluviatilis s.l.","WorldClim (C, T)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, altitude, slope, aspect","precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kalan, K; Ivovic, V; Glasnovic, P; Buzan, E","Kalan, Katja; Ivovic, Vladimir; Glasnovic, Peter; Buzan, Elena",Presence and Potential Distribution of Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Slovenia,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"In Slovenia, two invasive mosquito species are present, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Diptera: Culicidae). In this study, we examined their actual distribution and suitable habitats for new colonizations. Data from survey of species presence in 2013 and 2015, bioclimatic variables and altitude were used for the construction of predictive maps. We produced various models in Maxent software and tested two bioclimatic variable sets, WorldClim and CHELSA. For the variable selection of A. albopictus modeling we used statistical and expert knowledge-based approach, whereas for A. j. japonicus we used only a statistically based approach. The best performing models for both species were chosen according to AIC score-based evaluation. In 2 yr of sampling, A. albopictus was largely confined to the western half of Slovenia, whereas A. j. japonicus spread significantly and can be considered as an established species in a large part of the country. Comparison of models with WorldClim and CHELSA variables for both species showed models with CHELSA variables as a better tool for prediction. Finally, we validated the models performance in predicting distribution of species according to collected field data. Our study confirms that both species are co-occurring and are sympatric in a large part of the country area. The tested models could be used for future prevention of invasive mosquitoes spreading in other countries with similar bioclimatic conditions.","Buzan, Elena/0000-0003-0714-5301",0022-2585,2017,10.1093/jme/tjx150,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,hand net or small dipper,136 albopictus; 495 japonicus,"sites split up by year, species",larvae,Slovenia,National,Aedes,"Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus","WorldClim (C, T), CHELSA (C)",Bioclim and CHELSA,Bioclim and CHELSA; altitude,"For both species, CHELSA climate data was a better tool for prediction compared to WorldClim. Highest-performing models used BIO1, BIO10, BIO11, BIO12, and altitude.",correlation coefficient < 0.8,no,compared expert-knowledge based variable selection vs statistically selected
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Alaniz, AJ; Bacigalupo, A; Cattan, PE","Alaniz, Alberto J.; Bacigalupo, Antonella; Cattan, Pedro E.",Spatial quantification of the world population potentially exposed to Zika virus,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY,"Background: Zika virus is an emerging Flaviviridae virus, which has spread rapidly in the last few years. It has raised concern because it has been associated with fetus microcephaly when pregnant women are infected. The main vector is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, distributed in tropical areas. Methods: Niche modelling techniques were used to estimate the potential distribution area of A. aegypti. This was overlapped with human population density, determining areas of potential transmission risk worldwide. Afterwards, we quantified the population at risk according to risk level. Results: The vector transmission risk is distributed mainly in Asia and Oceania on the shores of the Indian Ocean. In America, the risk concentrates in the Atlantic coast of South America and in the Caribbean Sea shores in Central and North America. In Africa, the major risk is concentrated in the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Central and South Africa. The world population under high and very high risk levels includes 2.261 billion people. Conclusions: These results illustrate Zika virus risk at the global level and provide maps to target the prevention and control measures especially in areas with higher risk, in countries with less sanitation and poorer resources. Many countries without previous vector reports could become active transmission zones in the future, so vector surveillance should be implemented or reinforced in these areas.","Bacigalupo, Antonella/0000-0003-1661-8916;",0300-5771,2017,10.1093/ije/dyw366,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Mosquito Map, Dryad",na,20203,,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,aedes aegypti,WorldClim (C),Bioclim,"Bioclim, elevation","most important predictors: mean annual temperature, annual temperature range, precipitation of the wettest month",correlation coefficient <0.7,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Sallam, MF; Michaels, SR; Riegel, C; Pereira, RM; Zipperer, W; Lockaby, BG; Koehler, PG","Sallam, Mohamed F.; Michaels, Sarah R.; Riegel, Claudia; Pereira, Roberto M.; Zipperer, Wayne; Lockaby, B. Graeme; Koehler, Philip G.","Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Vector-Host Contact (VHC) Ratios and Ecological Niche Modeling of the West Nile Virus Mosquito Vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, in the City of New Orleans, LA, USA",INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH,"The consistent sporadic transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the city of New Orleans justifies the need for distribution risk maps highlighting human risk of mosquito bites. We modeled the influence of biophysical and socioeconomic metrics on the spatio-temporal distributions of presence/vector-host contact (VHC) ratios of WNV vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, within their flight range. Biophysical and socioeconomic data were extracted within 5-km buffer radii around sampling localities of gravid female Culex quinquefasciatus. The spatio-temporal correlations between VHC data and 33 variables, including climate, land use-land cover (LULC), socioeconomic, and land surface terrain were analyzed using stepwise linear regression models (RM). Using MaxEnt, we developed a distribution model using the correlated predicting variables. Only 12 factors showed significant correlations with spatial distribution of VHC ratios (R-2 = 81.62, p < 0.01). Non-forested wetland (NFWL), tree density (TD) and residential-urban (RU) settings demonstrated the strongest relationship. The VHC ratios showed monthly environmental resilience in terms of number and type of influential factors. The highest prediction power of RU and other urban and built up land (OUBL), was demonstrated during May-August. This association was positively correlated with the onset of the mosquito WNV infection rate during June. These findings were confirmed by the Jackknife analysis in MaxEnt and independently collected field validation points. The spatial and temporal correlations of VHC ratios and their response to the predicting variables are discussed.","Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues/0000-0002-3723-5028; Sallam, Mohamed/0000-0003-2817-6190",1660-4601,2017,10.3390/ijerph14080892,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,CDC gravid traps,,,adults,United States,Sub-national,Culex,Culex quinquefasciatus,"WorldClim (C, T), USGS Enhanced Historical Land-Use and Land-Cover (LC), City of New Orleans Enterprise GIS Database (LC, POP)",,,"Non-forested wetland (NFWL), tree density (TD) and residential-urban (RU) settings demonstrated the strongest relationship. BIO 18 also important.",,yes,"Maxent was used to model Culex quinq, but results were then fed into a vector-host contact model, never really discussed"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Obenauer, JF; Joyner, TA; Harris, JB","Obenauer, Julie F.; Joyner, T. Andrew; Harris, Joseph B.",The importance of human population characteristics in modeling Aedes aegypti distributions and assessing risk of mosquito-borne infectious diseases,TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH,"Background: The mosquito Aedes aegypti has long been a vector for human illness in the Southeastern United States. In the past, it has been responsible for outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever and, very recently, the Zika virus that has been introduced to the region. Multiple studies have modeled the geographic distribution of Ae. aegypti as a function of climate factors; however, this ignores the importance of humans to the anthropophilic biter. Furthermore, Ae. aegypti thrives in areas where humans have created standing water sites, such as water storage containers and trash. As models are developed to examine the potential impact of climate change, it becomes increasingly important to include the most comprehensive set of predictors possible. Results: This study uses Maxent, a species distribution model, to evaluate the effects of adding poverty and population density to climate-only models. Performance was evaluated through model fit statistics, such as AUC, omission, and commission, as well as individual variable contributions and response curves. Models which included both population density and poverty exhibited better predictive power and produced more precise distribution maps. Furthermore, the two human population characteristics accounted for much of the model contribution-more so than climate variables. Conclusions: Modeling mosquito distributions without accounting for their dependence on local human populations may miss factors that are very important to niche realization and subsequent risk of infection for humans. Further research is needed to determine if additional human characteristics should be evaluated for model inclusion.","Harris, Joseph/0000-0002-4774-5355",1348-8945,2017,10.1186/s41182-017-0078-1,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Kraemer,na,226,"181 training, 45 testing",not specified,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. aegpyti,"WorldClim (C), SEDAC Population Density Grid (POP), US Census Poverty Data (POP)","bioclim excluding bio 8, 9, 18, 19","bioclim excluding bio 8, 9, 18, 19; population density, percent below poverty level","population density, percent poverty both improve climate model; pop dens largest contributor in full model",only included subset of bioclim to avoid collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Alaniz, AJ; Bacigalupo, A; Cattan, PE","Alaniz, Alberto J.; Bacigalupo, Antonella; Cattan, Pedro E.","Zika: Probability of establishment of its vector, Aedes aegypti, in Chile",REVISTA CHILENA DE INFECTOLOGIA,"The Zika virus has raised world alarm in recent years, representing a major public health problem. In this study we evaluated the potential risk of exposure to Zika virus in Chile, associated with the probability of establishment of the vector Aedes aegypti in the country. Niche modelling techniques were used to project the bioclimatic requirements of the vector (global niches), identifying zones of high suitability for the species within the country. Then, the potential distribution of the vector in Chile was overlapped with the human population density, estimating the risk associated to the potential co-occurrence of both in a spatially explicit manner. We identified bioclimatic suitability for A. aegypti in continental Chile, from the northern tropical area to temperate regions, mainly in coastal zones. The exposed population could reach 1.8 million people, with 1.3 million in a medium level of potential risk and 21,000 in a high level. These results support that there is a significant probability of success for the Zika virus main vector to colonize continental Chile in case of an introduction. Therefore, prevention, monitoring, and control play an important role in avoiding the arrival of this vector to our country.","Bacigalupo, Antonella/0000-0003-1661-8916",0716-1018,2017,,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Mosquito Map, Dryad",na,20203,,not specified,Chile,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"WorldClim (C, T)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, elevation",,correlation coefficient <0.7,no,used global dataset; also calculated number of people at risk
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Yanez-Arenas, C; Rioja-Nieto, R; Martin, GA; Dzul-Manzanilla, F; Chiappa-Carrara, X; Buenfil-Avila, A; Manrique-Saide, P; Correa-Morales, F; Diaz-Quinonez, JA; Perez-Renteria, C; Ordonez-Alvarez, J; Vazquez-Prokopec, G; Huerta, H","Yanez-Arenas, Carlos; Rioja-Nieto, Rodolfo; Martin, Gerardo A.; Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe; Chiappa-Carrara, Xavier; Buenfil-Avila, Aura; Manrique-Saide, Pablo; Correa-Morales, Fabian; Alberto Diaz-Quinonez, Jose; Perez-Renteria, Crescencio; Ordonez-Alvarez, Jose; Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo; Huerta, Heron",Characterizing environmental suitability of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mexico based on regional and global niche models,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), is an invasive species and a vector of numerous human pathogens, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. This mosquito had been reported from 36 geographic locations in Mexico by 2005, increasing to 101 locations by 2010 and 501 locations (spanning 16 states) by 2016. Here we modeled the occupied niche for Ae. albopictus in Mexico to characterize the environmental conditions related to its presence, and to generate updated environmental suitability maps. The predictors with the greatest contribution to characterizing the occupied niche for Ae. albopictus were NDVI and annual mean temperature. We also estimated the environmental suitability for Ae. albopictus in regions of the country where it has not been documented yet, by means of: 1) transferring its occupied niche model to these regions and 2) modeling its fundamental niche using global data. Our models will help vector control and public health institutions to identify areas where Ae. albopictus has not yet been recorded but where it may be present. We emphasize that most of Mexico has environmental conditions that potentially allow the survival of Ae. albopictus, which underscores the need for systematic mosquito monitoring in all states of the country.","Rioja-Nieto, Rodolfo/0000-0003-4854-7120; Yanez-Arenas, Carlos/0000-0002-6299-275X; Chiappa-Carrara, Xavier/0000-0002-1708-2095; Correa Morales, Fabian/0000-0002-6193-1242; Diaz-Quinonez, Jose Alberto/0000-0002-3503-7079",0022-2585,2018,10.1093/jme/tjx185,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Database Instituto de Diagnostico y Reference Epidemiologicos,na,36 locations pre 2005; 101 locations 2005-2010; 501 2010-2016,filtered presence records with 10 and 30 km distance thresholds,not specified,Mexico,National,Aedes,ae. albopictus,"Bioclimas Neotropicales (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), MODIS (LC)",Bioclimas Neotropicales,"Bioclimas Neotropicales, elevation, slope, aspect, average/maximum/minimum/sd of monthly NDVI","most important predictors: mean NDVI, annual mean temperature",principal components analysis,no,compared model from mexico-specific data to global model
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Mosomtai, G; Evander, M; Mundia, C; Sandstrom, P; Ahlm, C; Hassan, OA; Lwande, OW; Gachari, MK; Landmann, T; Sang, R","Mosomtai, Gladys; Evander, Magnus; Mundia, Charles; Sandstrom, Per; Ahlm, Clas; Hassan, Osama Ahmed; Lwande, Olivia Wesula; Gachari, Moses K.; Landmann, Tobias; Sang, Rosemary",Datasets for mapping pastoralist movement patterns and risk zones of Rift Valley fever occurrence,DATA IN BRIEF,"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by RVF virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The data presented in this article propose environmental layers suitable for mapping RVF vector habitat zones and livestock migratory routes. Using species distribution modelling, we used RVF vector occurrence data sampled along livestock migratory routes to identify suitable vector habitats within the study region which is located in the central and the north-eastern part of Kenya. Eleven herds monitored with GPS collars were used to estimate cattle utilization distribution patterns. We used kernel density estimator to produce utilization contours where the 0.5 percentile represents core grazing areas and the 0.99 percentile represents the entire home range. The home ranges were overlaid on the vector suitability map to identify risks zones for possible RVF exposure. Assimilating high spatial and temporal livestock movement and vector distribution datasets generates new knowledge in understanding RVF epidemiology and generates spatially explicit risk maps. The results can be used to guide vector control and vaccination strategies for better disease control. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","mosomtai, gladys/0000-0001-9010-1996; Evander, Magnus/0000-0001-6034-4807",2352-3409,2018,10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.097,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,CO2-baited CDC light traps,68,"70% training, 30% testing",adults,Kenya,Sub-national,Multiple,"Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Culex, Aedomyia, Coquillettidia","MODIS (LC), Kenya Soil Survey dataset, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), AfriClim (C)","temperature seasonality, min temp of coolest month,","NDVI, MODIS evapotranspiration, elevation, temperature seasonality, number of dry months, min temp of coolest month, rainfall wettest month, rainfall driest month, rainfall driest quarter, soil type",not discussed,principal components analysis to reduce evapotranspiration time series; VIF (cut-off not specified),no,also mapped home ranges of collared herds and examined overlap
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Akpan, GE; Adepoju, KA; Oladosu, OR; Adelabu, SA","Akpan, Godwin E.; Adepoju, Kayode A.; Oladosu, Olakunle R.; Adelabu, Samuel A.",Dominant malaria vector species in Nigeria: Modelling potential distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and its siblings with MaxEnt,PLOS ONE,"Malaria is a major infectious disease that still affects nearly half of the world's population. Information on spatial distribution of malaria vector species is needed to improve malaria control efforts. In this study we used Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) to estimate the potential distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and its siblings: Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, and Anopheles arabiensis in Nigeria. Species occurrence data collected during the period 1900-2010 was used together with 19 bioclimatic, landuse and terrain variables. Results show that these species are currently widespread across all ecological zones. Temperature fluctuation from mean diurnal temperature range, extreme temperature and precipitation conditions, high humidity in dry season from precipitation during warm months, and land use and land cover dynamics have the greatest influence on the current seasonal distribution of the Anopheles species. MaxEnt performed statistically significantly better than random with AUC approximately 0.7 for estimation of the Anopheles species environmental suitability, distribution and variable importance. This model result can contribute to surveillance efforts and control strategies for malaria eradication.","Adelabu, Samuel Adewale SA/0000-0001-9362-9948; Akpan, Godwin/0000-0001-8204-9219",1932-6203,2018,10.1371/journal.pone.0204233,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Nigeria Anopheles vector database,not specified,,,adults and larvae,Nigeria,National,Anopheles,gambiae; arabiensis,"WorldClim (C), USGS West Africa Land Use Land Cover Time Series (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, digital elevation model, land use/land cover","mean temperature of wettest quarter for an gambiae si; mean diurnal range, min temp of coldest month for an. Gambiae ss; precipitation in the driest quarter for an arabiensis",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Richman, R; Diallo, D; Diallo, M; Sall, AA; Faye, O; Diagne, CT; Dia, I; Weaver, SC; Hanley, KA; Buenemann, M","Richman, Rebecca; Diallo, Diawo; Diallo, Mawlouth; Sall, Amadou A.; Faye, Oumar; Diagne, Cheikh T.; Dia, Ibrahima; Weaver, Scott C.; Hanley, Kathryn A.; Buenemann, Michaela",Ecological niche modeling of Aedes mosquito vectors of chikungunya virus in southeastern Senegal,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) originated in a sylvatic cycle of transmission between non-human animal hosts and vector mosquitoes in the forests of Africa. Subsequently the virus jumped out of this ancestral cycle into a human-endemic transmission cycle vectored by anthropophilic mosquitoes. Sylvatic CHIKV cycles persist in Africa and continue to spill over into humans, creating the potential for new CHIKV strains to enter human-endemic transmission. To mitigate such spillover, it is first necessary to delineate the distributions of the sylvatic mosquito vectors of CHIKV, to identify the environmental factors that shape these distributions, and to determine the association of mosquito presence with key drivers of virus spillover, including mosquito and CHIKV abundance. We therefore modeled the distribution of seven CHIKV mosquito vectors over two sequential rainy seasons in Kedougou, Senegal using Maxent. Methods: Mosquito data were collected in fifty sites distributed in five land cover classes across the study area. Environmental data representing land cover, topographic, and climatic factors were included in the models. Models were compared and evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) statistics. The correlation of model outputs with abundance of individual mosquito species as well as CHIKV-positive mosquito pools was tested. Results: Fourteen models were produced and evaluated; the environmental variables most strongly associated with mosquito distributions were distance to large patches of forest, landscape patch size, rainfall, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Seven models were positively correlated with mosquito abundance and one (Aedes taylori) was consistently, positively correlated with CHIKV-positive mosquito pools. Eight models predicted high relative occurrence rates of mosquitoes near the villages of Tenkoto and Ngary, the areas with the highest frequency of CHIKV- positive mosquito pools. Conclusions: Of the environmental factors considered here, landscape fragmentation and configuration had the strongest influence on mosquito distributions. Of the mosquito species modeled, the distribution of Ae. taylori correlated most strongly with abundance of CHIKV, suggesting that presence of this species will be a useful predictor of sylvatic CHIKV presence.","Buenemann, Michaela/0000-0002-5139-739X; DIAGNE, Cheikh Tidiane/0000-0002-3499-4934",1756-3305,2018,10.1186/s13071-018-2832-6,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,,"two year models: 49 ae aegypti, 11 ae africanus, 45 ae taylori, 50 ae dalzieli/ae furcifer/ae luteocephalus/ae vittatus; november 2009 models: 45 ae dalzieli, 35 ae furcifer, 10 ae luteocephalus, 16 ae taylori, 22 ae vittatus; november 2010 models: 42 ae dalzieli, 30 ae furcifer, 10 ae luteocephalus, 17 ae taylori, 12 ae vittatus",,adult,Sengal,Sub-national,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, ae africanus, ae taylori, ae dalzieli, ae furcifer, ae luteocephalus, ae vittatus",WorldClim,bioclim,"distance to forest patch edge, patch sie, distance from forest patch, distance from medium-large forst patches, distance from forest patch, NDVI, bioclim, slope, aspect, elevation","distance to large patches of forest, landscape patch size, rainfall, and NDVI",correlation coefficient < 0.75,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Liu, BY; Gao, X; Ma, J; Jiao, ZH; Xiao, JH; Wang, HB","Liu, Boyang; Gao, Xiang; Ma, Jun; Jiao, Zhihui; Xiao, Jianhua; Wang, Hongbin",Influence of Host and Environmental Factors on the Distribution of the Japanese Encephalitis Vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH,"Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector that transmits a variety of human and animal diseases. Japanese encephalitis (JE), an endemic disease in the Asia-Pacific region, is primarily transmitted by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Insufficient monitoring of vector mosquitoes has led to a poor understanding of the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in China. To delineate the habitat of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and any host and environmental factors that affect its distribution, we used a maximum entropy modeling method to predict its distribution in China. Our models provided high resolution predictions on the potential distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The predicted suitable habitats of the JE vector were correlated with areas of high JE incidence in parts of China. Factors driving the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in China were also revealed by our models. Furthermore, human population density and the maximum NDVI were the most important predictors in our models. Bioclimate factors and elevation also significantly impacted the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Our findings may serve as a reference for vector and disease control.","Liu, Boyang/0000-0003-4569-933X",1660-4601,2018,10.3390/ijerph15091848,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review,na,173,,adults and larvae,China,National,Culex,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,"WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Bioclim,"all bioclim variables, max NDVI, mean NDVI, min NDVI, elevation, slope, aspect, human population density, pig population density","population density, bio5, bio11, bio14, bio18, max NDVI, elevation",VIF threshold of 10,no,dealth with sampling bias using a bias layer in Maxent
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kamal, M; Kenawy, MA; Rady, MH; Khaled, AS; Samy, AM","Kamal, Mahmoud; Kenawy, Mohamed A.; Rady, Magda Hassan; Khaled, Amany Soliman; Samy, Abdallah M.",Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus under changing climate,PLOS ONE,"Background Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the primary vectors that transmit several arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The world is presently experiencing a series of outbreaks of these diseases, so, we still require to better understand the current distributions and possible future shifts of their vectors for successful surveillance and control programs. Few studies assessed the influences of climate change on the spatial distributional patterns and abundance of these important vectors, particularly using the most recent climatic scenarios. Here, we updated the current potential distributions of both vectors and assessed their distributional changes under future climate conditions. Methods We used ecological niche modeling approach to estimate the potential distributions of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus under present-day and future climate conditions. This approach fits ecological niche model from occurrence records of each species and environmental variables. For each species, future projections were based on climatic data from 9 general circulation models (GCMs) for each representative concentration pathway (RCP) in each time period, with a total of 72 combinations in four RCPs in 2050 and 2070. All ENMs were tested using the partial receiver operating characteristic (pROC) and a set of 2,048 and 2,003 additional independent records for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Finally, we used background similarity test to assess the similarity between the ENMs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Results The predicted potential distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus coincided with the current and historical known distributions of both species. Aedes aegypti showed a markedly broader distributional potential across tropical and subtropical regions than Ae. albopictus. Interestingly, Ae. albopictus was markedly broader in distributional potential across temperate Europe and the United States. All ecological niche models (ENMs) were statistically robust (P < 0.001). ENMs successfully anticipated 98% (1,999/2,048) and 99% (1,985/2,003) of additional independent records for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively (P < 0.001). ENMs based on future conditions showed similarity between the overall distributional patterns of future-day and present-day conditions; however, there was a northern range expansion in the continental USA to include parts of Southern Canada in case of Ae. albopictus in both 2050 and 2070. Future models also anticipated further expansion of Ae. albopictus to the East to include most of Europe in both time periods. Aedes aegypti was anticipated to expand to the South in East Australia in 2050 and 2070. The predictions showed differences in distributional potential of both species between diverse RCPs in 2050 and 2070. Finally, the background similarity test comparing the ENMs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was unable to reject the null hypothesis of niche similarity between both species (P > 0.05). Conclusion These updated maps provided details to better guide surveillance and control programs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. They have also significant public health importance as a baseline for predicting the emergence of arboviral diseases transmitted by both vectors in new areas across the world.","Samy, Abdallah/0000-0003-3978-1134",1932-6203,2018,10.1371/journal.pone.0210122,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,2303 aegypti; 1427 albopictus,,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim (C),,,not discussed,,yes,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Samy, AM; Alkishe, AA; Thomas, SM; Wang, LY; Zhang, WY","Samy, Abdallah M.; Alkishe, Abdelghafar A.; Thomas, Stephanie M.; Wang, Liya; Zhang, Wenyi","Mapping the potential distributions of etiological agent, vectors, and reservoirs of Japanese Encephalitis in Asia and Australia",ACTA TROPICA,"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a substantial cause of viral encephalitis, morbidity, and mortality in South East Asia and the Western Pacific. World Health Organization recognized Japanese Encephalitis (JE) as a public health priority in demands to initiate active vaccination programs. Recently, the geographic distribution of JEV has apparently expanded into other areas in the Pacific islands and northern Australia; however, major gaps exist in knowledge in regard to its current distribution. Here, we mapped the potential distribution of mosquito vectors of JEV (Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. vishnui, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus), and reservoirs (Egretta garzetta, E. intermedia, Nycticorax nycticorax) based on ecological niche modeling approach. Ecological niche models predicted all species to occur across Central, South and South East Asia; however, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, E. garzetta, E. intermedia, and N. nycticorax had broader potential distributions extending west to parts of the Arabian Peninsula. All predictions were robust and significantly better than random (P < 0.001). We also tested the JEV prediction based on 4335 additional independent human case records collected by the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP); 4075 cases were successfully predicted by the model (P < 0.001). Finally, we tested the ecological niche similarity among JEV, vector, and reservoir species and could not reject any of the null hypotheses of niche similarity in all combination pairs.","Samy, Abdallah/0000-0003-3978-1134; Alkishe, Abdelghafar/0000-0003-2927-514X; Liya, Wang/0000-0003-3496-6084; Thomas, Stephanie Margarete/0000-0003-0507-2006",0001-706X,2018,10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.014,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, VectorMap",na,"399 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 214 Culex pseudovishnui, 370 Culex vishnui, 261 Culex fuscocephala, 43 Culex gelidus",,not specified,"SE Asia, W. Pacific",Regional,Culex,"Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui, Culex vishnui, Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus","WorldClim (C), CGIAR-CSI (soil variables), MODIS (C, LC), WorldGrids (LC), GPWv4 (POP), NOAA Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (POP)",Daytime and nighttime temperature,"Maximum monthly precipitation, minimum monthly precipitation, aridity, maximum soil water stress, EVI, land cover, daytime and nighttime temperature, elevation, human population density, nighttime lights, and accessibility via inland and sea transportation",Used PCA to reduce collinearity,Used principal components analysis to reduce dimensionality and multicollinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Estallo, EL; Sangermano, F; Grech, M; Luduena-Almeida, F; Frias-Cespedes, M; Ainete, M; Almiron, W; Livdahl, T","Estallo, E. L.; Sangermano, F.; Grech, M.; Luduena-Almeida, F.; Frias-Cespedes, M.; Ainete, M.; Almiron, W.; Livdahl, T.",Modelling the distribution of the vector Aedes aegypti in a central Argentine city,MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY,"Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is an urban mosquito involved in the transmission of numerous viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. In Argentina, Ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus and has been involved in several outbreaks in regions ranging from northern to central Argentina since 2009. In order to evaluate areas of potential vector-borne disease transmission in the city of Cordoba, Argentina, the present study aimed to identify the environmental, socioeconomic and demographic factors driving the distribution of Ae. aegypti larvae through spatial analysis in the form of species distribution models (SDMs). These models elucidate relationships between known occurrences of a species and environmental data in order to identify areas with suitable habitats for that species and the consequent risk for disease transmission. The maximum entropy species distribution model was able to fit the training data well, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of > 0.8, and produced models with fair extrapolation capacity (average test AUC: > 0.75). Human population density, distance to vegetation and water channels were the main variables predictive of the vector suitability of an area. The results of this work will be used to target surveillance and prevention measures, as well as in mosquito management.","Sangermano, Florencia/0000-0003-4437-4293",0269-283X,2018,10.1111/mve.12323,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,not specified,,,larvae,Argentina,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,"Argentina National Census (POP), Landsat 5 (LC), SPOT 5 (LC), municipal documents (POP), Google Earth (LC)",no temperature,"informal settlements, water channels, abandoned train depots, tire storage depots, min/max ndvi, proximity to vegetation, less urbanized, homes in which basic needs are unmet, proportion apartments, proportion houses, proportion houses, proportion ranchos, human population density, water source","human population density, proximity to vegetation most important",correlation coefficient < 0.7,no,"initially considered 37 variables, only 17 that were included in final non-correlated candidate set listed here"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Hira, FS; Asad, A; Farrah, Z; Basit, RS; Mehreen, F; Muhammad, K","Hira, Fatima Syeda; Asad, Ali; Farrah, Zaidi; Basit, Rasheed Syed; Mehreen, Fatima; Muhammad, Khisroon","Patterns of occurrence of dengue and chikungunya, and spatial distribution of mosquito vector Aedes albopictus in Swabi district, Pakistan",TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH,"ObjectiveTwo principal vector species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are known for transmission of dengue (DEN) and chikungunya (CHK) in Pakistan. We aimed to investigate their spatial and temporal distribution. Methods and ResultsThe Maximum Entropy algorithm revealed current climatic suitability of A.albopictus by highlighting variables contributing to its spatial distribution: Land use cover was the most important environmental factor (63.1%) followed by elevation-normalised difference vegetation index (10.9%), NDVI (8.5%) and annual precipitation (7.9%). As per Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values, the vector's presence was highly likely in areas with little vegetation such as built-up spaces or uncultivated fields, and in areas with sparse vegetation such as grasslands and cultivated fields. Temperature variables showed differing effects on vector ecology with annual temperature being the most important. Logistic regression models showed that presence of the vector, build-up and distance to roads contributed significantly to the distribution of both DEN and CHIK. ConclusionIn Swabi, the mean temperatures of warmest and driest quarters are more important in the spatial distribution of A.albopictus than mean temperatures of the wettest and coldest quarters. Finally, disease modelling reflects a high probability for both DEN and CHIK in the same regions over a huge area. ObjectifDeux principales especes de vecteurs, Aedes aegypti et Aedes albopictus, sont connues pour la transmission de la dengue (DEN) et du chikungunya (CHK) au Pakistan. Nous avons cherche a etudier leur distribution spatiale et temporelle. Methodes et resultatsL'algorithme d'entropie maximale a revele l'adaptation climatique actuelle d'A. Albopictus en mettant en evidence des variables contribuant a sa repartition spatiale: L'etendue des terres utilisees etait le facteur environnemental le plus important (63.1%), suivi de l'indice de la difference de vegetation normalisee (NDVI) par l'altitude (10.9%), le NDVI (8.5%) et les precipitations annuelles (7.9%). Selon les valeurs NDVI, la presence du vecteur etait tres probable dans les zones avec peu de vegetation telles que les espaces batis ou les champs non cultives et dans les zones a vegetation clairsemee comme les prairies et les champs cultives. Les variables de temperature ont montre des effets differents sur l'ecologie des vecteurs, la temperature annuelle etant la plus importante. Les modeles de regression logistique ont montre que la presence du vecteur, les zones batis et la distance jusqu'aux routes contribuaient de maniere significative a la distribution de la DEN et du CHIK. ConclusionA Swabi, les temperatures moyennes des trimestres les plus chauds et les plus secs sont plus importantes dans la repartition spatiale d'A. Albopictus que les temperatures moyennes des trimestres les plus humides et les plus froids. Enfin, la modelisation de la maladie reflete une forte probabilite pour DEN et CHIK dans les memes regions sur une vaste zone.",,1360-2276,2018,10.1111/tmi.13125,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,dip collection,220,,larvae,Pakistan,National,Aedes,ae aegypti,"WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), Land Use (source not specified)","annual mean temperature, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter","annual mean temperature, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, elvation, NDVI, annual precipitation, land cover types","land cover most important, the elevation, then NDVI",only significant non-correlated variables included (cutoff not discussed),no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Hanafi-Bojd, AA; Sedaghat, MM; Vatandoost, H; Azari-Hamidian, S; Pakdad, K","Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali; Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi; Vatandoost, Hassan; Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad; Pakdad, Kamran","Predicting environmentally suitable areas for Anopheles superpictus Grassi (s.l.), Anopheles maculipennis Meigen (s.l.) and Anopheles sacharovi Favre (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Malaria is an important mosquito-borne disease, transmitted to humans by Anopheles mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to gather all records of three main malaria vectors in Iran during the last decades, and to predict the current distribution and the environmental suitability for these species across the country. Methods: All published documents on An. superpictus Grassi (s.l.), An. maculipennis Meigen (s.l.) and An. sacharovi Favre during 1970-2016 in Iran were obtained from different online data bases and academic libraries. A database was created in ArcMap 10.3. Ecology of these species was analyzed and the ecological niches were predicted using MaxEnt model. Results: Anopheles superpictus (s.l.) is the most widespread malaria vector in Iran, and exists in both malaria endemic and non-endemic areas. Whereas An. maculipennis (s.l.) is reported from the northern and northwestern parts, Anopheles sacharovi is mostly found in the northwestern Iran, although there are some reports of this species in the western, southwestern and eastern parts. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for training and testing data was calculated as 0.869 and 0.828, 0.939 and 0.915, and 0.921 and 0.979, for An. superpictus (s.l.), An. maculipennis (s.l.) and An. sacharovi, respectively. Jackknife test showed the environmental variable with highest gain in the predicting power of the model when used in isolation was annual precipitation for An. superpictus (s.l.) and An. maculipennis (s.l.), and precipitation of the driest quarter for An. sacharovi. Conclusions: Despite this range, global warming may increase the potential risk for malaria transmission in some cleared-up areas, where these proven vectors are active. Mapping and prediction of spatial/temporal distribution of these vectors will be beneficial for decision makers to be aware of malaria transmission risk, especially in the western parts of the country.","Vatandoost, Hassan/0000-0002-5983-9420; , Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat/0000-0002-1365-0796",1756-3305,2018,10.1186/s13071-018-2973-7,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review,na,296 an superpictus; 163 an maculipennis; 50 an sacharovi,,not specified,Iran,National,Anopheles,"An. superpictus Grassi (s.l.), An. maculipennis Meigen (s.l.) and An. sacharovi Favre","WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC), DEM (T)",Bioclim,"annual mean temperature, minimum temperature of coldest month, mean temp of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation of the driest quarter, precipitation of the warmest quarter, altitude, NDVI",annual precipitation an maculipennis; annual precipitation an superpictus; precipitation of driest quarter an sacharovi,removed from pairwise correlation > 0.8,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Alaniz, AJ; Carvajal, MA; Bacigalupo, A; Cattan, PE","Alaniz, Alberto J.; Carvajal, Mario A.; Bacigalupo, Antonella; Cattan, Pedro E.",Global spatial assessment of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus: a scenario of Zika virus exposure,EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION,"Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Recent scientific evidence on Culex quinquefasciatus has suggested its potential as a vector for ZIKV, which may change the current risk zones. We aimed to quantify the world population potentially exposed to ZIKV in a spatially explicit way, considering the primary vector (A. aegypti) and the potential vector (C. quinquefasciatus). Our model combined species distribution modelling of mosquito species with spatially explicit human population data to estimate ZIKV exposure risk. We estimated the potential global distribution of C. quinquefasciatus and estimated its potential interaction zones with A. aegypti. Then we evaluated the risk zones for ZIKV considering both vectors. Finally, we quantified and compared the people under risk associated with each vector by risk level, country and continent. We found that C. quinquefasciatus had a more temperate distribution until 42 degrees in both hemispheres, while the risk involving A. aegypti is concentrated mainly in tropical latitudes until 35 degrees in both hemispheres. Globally, 4.2 billion people are under risk associated with ZIKV. Around 2.6 billon people are under very high risk associated with C. quinquefasciatus and 1 billion people associated with A. aegypti. Several countries could be exposed to ZIKV, which emphasises the need to clarify the competence of C. quinquefasciatus as a potential vector as soon as possible. The models presented here represent a tool for risk management, public health planning, mosquito control and preventive actions, especially to focus efforts on the most affected areas.","Bacigalupo, Antonella/0000-0003-1661-8916;",0950-2688,2019,10.1017/S0950268818003102,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Integrated Digitised Biocollections, SpeciesLink, MosquitoMap, Inaturalist, and literature review",na,3865 cx quinquefasciatus,,not specified,Global,Global,Multiple,Culex quinquefasciatus; ae aegypti,"WorldClim (C, T)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, elevation",not discussed,correlation coefficient <0.7,no,overlapped SDMs of aegypti and quinqs to see areas of interaction
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Wiese, D; Escalante, AA; Murphy, H; Henry, KA; Gutierrez-Velez, VH","Wiese, Daniel; Escalante, Ananias A.; Murphy, Heather; Henry, Kevin A.; Gutierrez-Velez, Victor Hugo",Integrating environmental and neighborhood factors in MaxEnt modeling to predict species distributions: A case study of Aedes albopictus in southeastern Pennsylvania,PLOS ONE,"Aedes albopictus is a viable vector for several infectious diseases such as Zika, West Nile, Dengue viruses and others. Originating from Asia, this invasive species is rapidly expanding into North American temperate areas and urbanized places causing major concerns for public health. Previous analyses show that warm temperatures and high humidity during the mosquito season are ideal conditions for A. albopictus development, while its distribution is correlated with population density. To better understand A. albopictus expansion into urban places it is important to consider the role of both environmental and neighborhood factors. The present study aims to assess the relative importance of both environmental variables and neighborhood factors in the prediction of A. albopictus' presence in Southeast Pennsylvania using MaxEnt (version 3.4.1) machine-learning algorithm. Three models are developed that include: (1) exclusively environmental variables, (2) exclusively neighborhood factors, and (3) a combination of environmental variables and neighborhood factors. Outcomes from the three models are compared in terms of variable importance, accuracy, and the spatial distribution of predicted A. albopictus'presence. All three models predicted the presence of A. albopictus in urban centers, however, each to a different spatial extent. The combined model resulted in the highest accuracy (74.7%) compared to the model with only environmental variables (73.5%) and to the model with only neighborhood factors (72.1%) separately. Although the combined model does not essentially increase the accuracy in the prediction, the spatial patterns of mosquito distribution are different when compared to environmental or neighborhood factors alone. Environmental variables help to explain conditions associated with mosquitoes in suburban/rural areas, while neighborhood factors summarize the local conditions that can also impact mosquito habitats in predominantly urban places. Overall, the present study shows that MaxEnt is suitable for integrating neighborhood factors associated with mosquito presence that can complement and improve species distribution modeling.","Escalante, Ananias/0000-0002-1532-3430",1932-6203,2019,10.1371/journal.pone.0223821,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,regional surveillance programs,"CDC miniature light traps, CDC gravid traps, aspiration, BG sentinel traps, mosquito magnets, zumba traps",8801,"gravid, miniature light traps, aspiration, sentinels, zumba traps, mosquito magnets",adults,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,ae albopictus,"NLCD (LC), American Community Survey (POP), US Census (POP), PRISM (C), MODIS (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)","monthly and 3-month temperature means, from PRISM","neighborhood factors: percent below poverty, housing condition, education index, median household income, housing density, population density, urban population, vacant housing units, impervious surface percent, land cover class, tree canopy average precip monthly, 3 month avg precip, average temp monthly, 3 month average temp, average EVI, average NDWI, elevation, slope, flow accumulation","environmental only: average EVI, temp coldest quarter, flow accumulation, tree canopy, and precip driest quarter; neighborhood only: % impervious, % urban, lc type, housing density, % vacant; combined: % impervious, % urban, avg EVI, temp coldest quarter",correlation coefficient > 0.5,no,"did environmental variables only, neighborhood factors only, and then combined; each model restricted to max 10 predictors"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Peach, DAH; Almond, M; Pol, JC","Peach, Daniel A. H.; Almond, Max; Pol, Joshua C.","Modeled distributions of Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States, Canada, and northern Latin America",JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, and the coastal rock pool mosquito, Aedes togoi, are potential disease vectors present in both East Asia and North America. While their ranges are fairly well-documented in Asia, this is not the case for North America. We used maximum entropy modeling to estimate the potential distributions of Ae. togoi and Ae. j. japonicus in the United States, Canada, and northern Latin America under contemporary and future climatic conditions. Our results suggest suitable habitat that is not known to be occupied for Ae. j. japonicus in Atlantic and western Canada, Alaska, the western, midwestern, southern, and northeastern United States, and Latin America, and for Ae. togoi along the Pacific coast of North America and the Hawaiian Islands. Such areas are at risk of future invasion or may already contain undetected populations of these species. Our findings further predict that the limits of suitable habitat for each species will expand northward under future climatic conditions.","Peach, Daniel AH/0000-0002-8913-5133",,2019,10.1111/jvec.12336,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,158 ae japonicus; 44 ae togoi,,not specified,North America,Regional,Aedes,"Ae. japonicus, Ae. togoi",WorldClim (C),bioclim,bioclim,mean temperature of coldest quarter for both,correlation coefficient < 0.75,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Liu, BY; Gao, X; Ma, J; Jiao, ZH; Xiao, JH; Hayat, MA; Wang, HB","Liu, Boyang; Gao, Xiang; Ma, Jun; Jiao, Zhihui; Xiao, Jianhua; Hayat, Muhammad Abid; Wang, Hongbin",Modeling the present and future distribution of arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus under climate change scenarios in Mainland China,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,"Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are two important mosquito species which transmit various infectious arbovirus diseases represented mainly by dengue fever. These two species of mosquito have a wide range of distribution and strong transfer capacity. With ongoing global climate change, we are facing an increasing public health threat from the rapid spread of vectors in wider geographical areas. Based on observed occurrence records of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and high-resolution environmental layers reflecting climate and land-use conditions, a Maxent niche modeling approach was adopted to model the current and future distribution of both species in Mainland China. Our models provide predictions of suitable habitat shifts under future climate scenarios up to the 2050s. Both species were predicted to expand their niche range to varying degrees under future climate scenarios. Aedes aegypti was modeled to expand its habitat from Guangdong, Guangxi Yunnan and Hainan to Fujian, Jiangxi and Guizhou. Aedes albopictus was modeled to increase magnitude of distribution within its present range of northern southwestern and southeastern coastal areas of Mainland China. Area and population exposed to mosquitoes are predicted to increase significantly. Environmental variables that have significant impact on the distribution of mosquitoes are also revealed by our model The results of our study can be referenced in further ecological studies and will guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Liu, Boyang/0000-0003-4569-933X",0048-9697,2019,10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.301,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Global Biodiversity Information Facility; literature review,na,42 ae aegypti; 177 ae albopictus,"75% training, 25% testing; generated negatives with same spatial bias as positives",not specified,China,National,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim (C),bioclim,"all bioclim; primary forest, secondary forest, nonforested secondary land, managed pasture, rangeland, urban land, c3 annual crops, c3 perennial crops, c3 nitrogen fixing crops, c4 annual crops, c4 perennial crops","mean diurnal range, seasonality of temperature, precipitation of warmest quarter",VIF threshold 10,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Liu, BY; Jiao, ZH; Ma, J; Gao, X; Xiao, JH; Hayat, MA; Wang, HB","Liu, Boyang; Jiao, Zhihui; Ma, Jun; Gao, Xiang; Xiao, Jianhua; Hayat, Muhammad A.; Wang, Hongbin","Modelling the potential distribution of arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti under current and future climate scenarios in Taiwan, China",PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE,"BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is one of the most important mosquito species and is a common disease-transmitting pest in tropical areas. Various infectious arbovirus diseases can be transmitted by Ae. aegypti. With ongoing global climate change, we are facing an increasing public health threat from the rapid spread of disease vectors into wider geographical areas. To better understand the current ecological niche range and possible future expansion of Ae. aegypti, an ecological niche modelling approach was adopted to predict its current and future potential habitat in Taiwan, China. RESULTS Based on observed occurrence records and environmental layers reflecting climate and land-use conditions, predictions with a high resolution of 30 arcsec (approx. 1 x 1 km) were made by our model. Ae. aegypti was predicted to expand its habitat in varying degrees out of its current niche range under different climate scenarios for the future 21st century. Winter temperature and dry season precipitation were considered as important predictors among climate variables. Croplands, pasture, forested lands and urban lands were important land-use variables. CONCLUSION Ae. aegypti is expected to establish new habitats out of its current niche range under the trend of global climate change. The extent of habitat expansion varies under different climate scenarios. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent its expansion to a broader scale. Our study has important strategic implications for mosquito surveillance and the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry","Liu, Boyang/0000-0003-4569-933X",1526-498X,2019,10.1002/ps.5424,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Global Biodiversity Information Facility; Kraemer database,na,415,generated pseudo-absences with same sampling bias,not specified,Taiwan,National,Aedes,ae. aegypti,WorldClim (C),bioclim,"all bioclim; primary forest, secondary forest, nonforested secondary land, managed pasture, rangeland, urban land, c3 annual crops, c3 perennial crops, c3 nitrogen fixing crops, c4 annual crops, c4 perennial crops","mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of driest quarter, primary forested land",VIF threshold 10,yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Akpan, GE; Adepoju, KA; Oladosu, OR","Akpan, Godwin E.; Adepoju, Kayode A.; Oladosu, Olakunle R.",Potential distribution of dominant malaria vector species in tropical region under climate change scenarios,PLOS ONE,"Risk assessment regarding the distribution of malaria vectors and environmental variables underpinning their distribution under changing climates is crucial towards malaria control and eradication. On this basis, we used Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Model to estimate the potential future distribution of major transmitters of malaria in Nigeria-Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and its siblings: Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, and Anopheles arabiensis under low and high emissions scenarios. In the model, we used mosquito occurrence data sampled from 1900 to 2010 alongside land use and terrain variables, and bioclimatic variables for baseline climate 1960-1990 and future climates of 2050s (2041-2060) and 2070s (2061-2080) that follow RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The Anopheles gambiae species are projected to experience large shift in potential range and population with increased distribution density, higher under high emissions scenario (RCP8.5) and 2070s than low emission scenario (RCP2.6) and 2050s. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis are projected to have highest invasion with 47-70% and 10-14% percentage increase, respectively in Sahel and Sudan savannas within northern states in 2041-2080 under RCP8.5. Highest prevalence is predicted for Humid forest and Derived savanna in southern and North Central states in 2041-2080; 91-96% and 97-99% for Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, and 67-71% and 72-75% for Anopheles arabiensis under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively. The higher magnitude of change in species prevalence predicted for the later part of the 21st century under high emission scenario, driven mainly by increasing and fluctuating temperature, alongside longer seasonal tropical rainfall accompanied by drier phases and inherent influence of rapid land use change, may lead to more significant increase in malaria burden when compared with other periods and scenarios during the century; especially in Humid forest, Derived savanna, Sahel and Sudan savannas.","Akpan, Godwin/0000-0001-8204-9219",1932-6203,2019,10.1371/journal.pone.0218523,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Nigeria Anopheles vector database,na,632,database downloadable as excel file,not specified,Nigeria,National,Anopheles,"gambiae, arabiensis","WorldClim (C), CGIAR-CSI (T), West Africa Land Use Land Cover Time Series (LC)",Bioclim,"all bioclim, digital elevation model, land use/land cover","annual mean temperature, cold temperature anomalies, mean diurnal range will affect an. Gambiae future distribution; precipitation of driest quarter will affect an arabiensis",no discussion of collinearity,yes,future models
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"de Almeida, MAB; dos Santos, E; Cardoso, JD; da Silva, LG; Rabelo, RM; Bicca-Marques, JC","de Almeida, Marco A. B.; dos Santos, Edmilson; Cardoso, Jader da C.; da Silva, Lucas G.; Rabelo, Rafael M.; Bicca-Marques, Julio Cesar","Predicting Yellow Fever Through Species Distribution Modeling of Virus, Vector, and Monkeys",ECOHEALTH,"Mapping yellow fever (YF) risk is often based on place of infection of human cases, whereas the circulation between nonhuman primates (NHP) and vectors is neglected. In 2008/2009, YF devastated NHP at the southern limit of the disease in the Americas. In view of the recent expansion of YF in Brazil, we modeled the environmental suitability for YF with data from 2008/2009 epizootic, the distribution of NHP (Alouatta spp.), and the mosquito (Haemagogus leucocelaenus) using the maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) to define risk areas for YF and their main environmental predictors. We evaluated points of occurrence of YF based on dates of confirmed deaths of NHP in three periods, from October 2008 to: December 2008, March 2009, and June 2009. Variables with greatest influence on suitability for YF were seasonality in water vapor pressure (36%), distribution of NHP (32%), maximum wind speed (11%), annual mean rainfall (7%), and maximum temperature in the warmest month (5%). Models of early periods of the epizootic identified suitability for YF in localities that recorded NHP deaths only months later, demonstrating usefulness of the approach for predicting the disease spread. Our data supported influence of rainfall, air humidity, and ambient temperature on the distribution of epizootics. Wind was highlighted as a predicting variable, probably due to its influence on the dispersal of vectors infected with YF in fragmented landscapes. Further studies on the role of wind are necessary to improve our understanding of the occurrence of YF and other arboviruses and their dispersal in the landscape.","Bicca-Marques, Julio Cesar/0000-0002-5400-845X; Rabelo, Rafael M./0000-0001-5290-7024; da Silva, Lucas Goncalves/0000-0002-7993-9015",1612-9202,2019,10.1007/s10393-018-1388-4,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,adult sampling,entomologic hand nets,33,,adults,Brazil,Sub-national,Other,Haemagogus leucocelaenus,"WorldClim (C), CGIAR-CSI (T), ABMDATA (T), USGS EarthExplorer (T), landcover.org (LC), NASA Earth Observations (LC)",mean temperature in the wettest quarter,"elevation, vertical distance to the nearest drainage, topographic humidity index, net primary productivity, mean temperature in the wettest quarter, mean temperature in the driest quarter, rainfall seasonality, mean rainfall in the wettest quarter, seasonality in water vapor pressure, minimum wind speed, aridity index","Variables with greatest influence on suitability for YF were seasonality in water vapor pressure (36%), distribution of NHP (32%), maximum wind speed (11%), annual mean rainfall (7%), and maximum temperature in the warmest month (5%).","VIF > 10, correlation coefficient > 0.7 removed",no,modelled nonhuman primates too
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Tiffin, HS; Peper, ST; Wilson-Fallon, AN; Haydett, KM; Cao, GF; Presley, SM","Tiffin, Hannah S.; Peper, Steven T.; Wilson-Fallon, Alexander N.; Haydett, Katelyn M.; Cao, Guofeng; Presley, Steven M.",The Influence of New Surveillance Data on Predictive Species Distribution Modeling of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the United States,INSECTS,"The recent emergence or reemergence of various vector-borne diseases makes the knowledge of disease vectors' presence and distribution of paramount concern for protecting national human and animal health. While several studies have modeled Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus distributions in the past five years, studies at a large scale can miss the complexities that contribute to a species' distribution. Many localities in the United States have lacked or had sporadic surveillance conducted for these two species. To address these gaps in the current knowledge of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in the United States, surveillance was focused on areas in Texas at the margins of their known ranges and in localities that had little or no surveillance conducted in the past. This information was used with a global database of occurrence records to create a predictive model of these two species' distributions in the United States. Additionally, the surveillance data from Texas was used to determine the influence of new data from the margins of a species' known range on predicted species' suitability maps. This information is critical in determining where to focus resources for the future and continued surveillance for these two species of medical concern.","Presley, Steven/0000-0002-6652-2835",,2019,10.3390/insects10110400,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"ovitraps, Kraemer paper",ovitraps,"480 ae aegypti, 1672 ae albopictus",compared kraemer database-model to model with kraemer database + ovitrap data along margin,adults and larvae,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim (C),"max temperature of the warmest month, min temperature of the coldest month, mean diurnal range, temperature annual range","max temperature of the warmest month, min temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month, mean diurnal range, temperature annual range","min temperature of coldest month contributed most to ae aegypti; temperature annual range, precipitation of wettest month contributed most to albopictus",correlation coefficient <0.8,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Chen, X; Dimitrov, NB; Meyers, LA","Chen, Xi; Dimitrov, Nedialko B.; Meyers, Lauren Ancel",Uncertainty analysis of species distribution models,PLOS ONE,"The maximum entropy model, a commonly used species distribution model (SDM) normally combines observations of the species occurrence with environmental information to predict the geographic distributions of animal or plant species. However, it only produces point estimates for the probability of species existence. To understand the uncertainty of the point estimates, we analytically derived the variance of the outputs of the maximum entropy model from the variance of the input. We applied the analytic method to obtain the standard deviation of dengue importation probability and Aedes aegypti suitability. Dengue occurrence data and Aedes aegypti mosquito abundance data, combined with demographic and environmental data, were applied to obtain point estimates and the corresponding variance. To address the issue of not having the true distributions for comparison, we compared and contrasted the performance of the analytical expression with the bootstrap method and Poisson point process model which proved of equivalence of maximum entropy model with the assumption of independent point locations. Both Dengue importation probability and Aedes aegypti mosquito suitability examples show that the methods generate comparatively the same results and the analytic method we introduced is dramatically faster than the bootstrap method and directly apply to maximum entropy model.",,1932-6203,2019,10.1371/journal.pone.0214190,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,121,,not specified,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,aedes aegypti,"WorldClim (C, T)","temperature seasonality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean diurnal range","artificial surfaces, population count, temperature seasonality, elevation, precipitation seasonality, minimum temperature of coldest month, mean diurnal range",calculated variance of outputs (sd of habitat suitability,,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Hesami, N; Abai, MR; Vatandoost, H; Alizadeh, M; Fatemi, M; Ramazanpour, J; Hanafi-Bojd, AA","Hesami, Najmeh; Abai, Mohammad Reza; Vatandoost, Hassan; Alizadeh, Mostafa; Fatemi, Mahboubeh; Ramazanpour, Javad; Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali",Using Ecological Niche Modeling to Predict the Spatial Distribution of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. and Culex theileri (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Iran,JOURNAL OF ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES,"Background: Mosquitoes are very important vectors of diseases to human. We aimed to establish the first spatial database on the mosquitoes of Isfahan Province, central Iran, and to predict the geographical distribution of species with medical importance. Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected from eight counties of Isfahan Province during 2014. Collected data were transferred to a database in ArcGIS and the distribution maps were created. MaxEnt model and jackknife analysis were used to predict the geographical distribution of two medical important species, and to find the effective variables for each species. Results: Totally, 1143 larvae were collected including 6 species, Anopheles maculipennis s.l., An. superpictus s.l., An. marteri, Culex hortensis, Cx. theileri and Culiseta longiareolata. The area under curve in MaxEnt model was 0.951 and 0.873 rather 1 for An. maculipennis s.l. and Cx. theileri, respectively. Culex theileri had wider and more appropriate niches across the province, except for the eastern area. The environmental variable with highest gain was mean temperature of the wettest quarter for Cx. theileri and temperature seasonality for An. maculipennis. Culex theileri, An. maculipennis s.l. and An. superpictus, three important vectors of parasitic agents to humans, were collected in this study. Conclusion: The mosquito collected and mapped can be considered for transmission of malaria and filariasis in the region. Bearing in mind the results of niche modeling for vector species, more studies on vectorial capacity and resistance status to different insecticides of these species are recommended.",,2322-1984,2019,,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,standard dipping method,not specified,,larvae,Iran,Sub-national,Multiple,"Anopheles maculipennis, Culex theileri","WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC), DEM (T)",Bioclim,All bioclim variables,Culex theileri most important variable was mean temperature of the wettest quarter; temperature seasonality for An. Maculipennis,,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cunze, S; Kochmann, J; Koch, LK; Genthner, E; Klimpel, S","Cunze, Sarah; Kochmann, Judith; Koch, Lisa K.; Genthner, Elisa; Klimpel, Sven",Vector distribution and transmission risk of the Zika virus in South and Central America,PEERJ,"Background: Zika is of great medical relevance due to its rapid geographical spread in 2015 and 2016 in South America and its serious implications, for example, certain birth defects. Recent epidemics urgently require a better understanding of geographic patterns of the Zika virus transmission risk. This study aims to map the Zika virus transmission risk in South and Central America. We applied the maximum entropy approach, which is common for species distribution modelling, but is now also widely in use for estimating the geographical distribution of infectious diseases. Methods: As predictor variables we used a set of variables considered to be potential drivers of both direct and indirect effects on the emergence of Zika. Specifically, we considered (a) the modelled habitat suitability for the two main vector species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus as a proxy of vector species distributions; (b) temperature, as it has a great influence on virus transmission; (c) commonly called evidence consensus maps (ECM) of human Zika virus infections on a regional scale as a proxy for virus distribution; (d) ECM of human dengue virus infections and, (e) as possibly relevant socio-economic factors, population density and the gross domestic product. Results: The highest values for the Zika transmission risk were modelled for the eastern coast of Brazil as well as in Central America, moderate values for the Amazon basin and low values for southern parts of South America. The following countries were modelled to be particularly affected: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. While modelled vector habitat suitability as predictor variable showed the highest contribution to the transmission risk model, temperature of the warmest quarter contributed only comparatively little. Areas with optimal temperature conditions for virus transmission overlapped only little with areas of suitable habitat conditions for the two main vector species. Instead, areas with the highest transmission risk were characterised as areas with temperatures below the optimum of the virus, but high habitat suitability modelled for the two main vector species. Conclusion: Modelling approaches can help estimating the spatial and temporal dynamics of a disease. We focused on the key drivers relevant in the Zika transmission cycle (vector, pathogen, and hosts) and integrated each single component into the model. Despite the uncertainties generally associated with modelling, the approach applied in this study can be used as a tool and assist decision making and managing the spread of Zika.","Koch, Lisa/0000-0002-3064-8401; Kochmann, Judith/0000-0001-6312-7859",2167-8359,2019,10.7717/peerj.7920,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Kraemer paper,na,5150 ae aegypti; 3303 ae albopictus,,not specified,South/Central America,Regional,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), ESA GlobeCover 2009 (LC)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, land cover,","Areas with the highest transmission risk were characterised as areas with temperatures below the optimum of the virus, but high habitat suitability modelled for the two main vector species.",principal components analysis,no,also modelled Zika risk overall
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Gwitira, I; Murwira, A; Masocha, M; Zengeya, FM; Shekede, MD; Chirenda, J; Tinago, W; Mberikunashe, J; Masendu, R","Gwitira, Isaiah; Murwira, Amon; Masocha, Mhosisi; Zengeya, Fadzai M.; Shekede, Munyaradzi Davis; Chirenda, Joconiah; Tinago, Willard; Mberikunashe, Joseph; Masendu, Ron",GIS-based stratification of malaria risk zones for Zimbabwe,GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL,"Malaria burden has considerably declined in the last 15 years mainly due to large-scale vector control. The continued decline can be sustained through malaria risk stratification. Malaria stratification is the classification of geographical areas according to malaria risk. In this study, ecological niche modelling using the maximum entropy algorithm was applied to predict malaria vector habitat suitability in terms of bioclimatic and topographic variables. The output vector suitability map was integrated with malaria prevalence data in a GIS to stratify Zimbabwe into different malaria risk zones. Five improved and validated malaria risk zones were successfully delimited for Zimbabwe based on the World Health Organization classification scheme. These results suggest that the probability of occurrence of major vectors of malaria is a key determinant of malaria prevalence. The delimited malaria risk zones could be used by National Malaria Control programmes to plan and implement targeted malaria interventions based on vector control.","Tinago, Willard/0000-0001-6858-9606",1010-6049,2019,10.1080/10106049.2018.1478889,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,national survey,not specified,"154 an arabiensis, 55 an funestus, 134 an merus",,not specified,Zimbabwe,National,Anopheles,"An. Arabiensis, an. Funestus, an. Merus","WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",isothermality and temperature seasonality,"isothermality and temperature , annual precipitation, precipitation in the wettest month, altitude",not discussed,did not discuss collinearity,no,also mapped malaria risk zones
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Abrha, H; Hagos, H; Brhane, E; Hadgu, M; Mamo, G","Abrha, Haftu; Hagos, Haftom; Brhane, Emiru; Hadgu, Meseret; Mamo, Girma",Spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria expansion under climate change in semi-arid areas of Ethiopia,ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,"Malaria is a leading and severe disease in Ethiopia, particularly like the Tigray region. The main objectives of the study were to model the influence of climate change on malaria transmission in Tigray and identify environmental variables that contribute to malaria. Aiming these objectives, Kafta Humera, Raya Azebo and Laelay Adiabo districts were purposively selected based on their malaria prevalence. Two hundred and nine mosquito occurrence points were collected from the study area. Collected occurrence points, altitude and 19 bioclimatic variables were run in Maxent software. Malaria transmission was simulated for themiddle and end of the twenty-first century using two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios driving ensemble of three general circulation models. The results show that the area suitable for malaria transmission is simulated to increase by 93.8% (RCP4.5) and 113.9% (RCP8.5) by mid-century and by 161% (RCP4.5) and 149% (RCP8.5) by the end of the twenty-first century, when compared with the historical baseline. This indicates that the area suitable for malaria transmission is simulated to increase due to climate change over the region. Therefore, the study recommends well prevention and control of malaria to ensure the health of people.","Hagos, Haftom/0000-0002-9041-712X; birhane, emiru/0000-0002-8644-5961",1747-7891,2019,10.1080/17477891.2019.1609405,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,,not specified,,209,not specified,Ethiopia,Sub-national,Anopheles,Unspecified anopheles,WorldClim,"Bioclim, elevatoin","Bioclim, elevation","temperature annual range, mean diurnal range, temperature seasonality",examined Jacknife results,no,did future projections
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Raymundo Ordoñez-Sierra; Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza; Carlos Díaz-Delgado; Angela P Cuervo-Robayo; Carlos Roberto Fonseca Ortiz; Miguel A Gómez-Albores; Imelda Medina Torres,,Spatial Risk Distribution of Dengue Based on the Ecological Niche Model of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Central Mexican Highlands,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Dengue is the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, predominantly Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae). Forty percent of the world’s population is at risk of contracting the disease, and a large area of Mexico presents suitable environmental conditions for the life cycle of Ae. aegypti. In particular, the Central Mexican Highlands have a high population density, increasing the risk of transmission and propagation of dengue. In the present study, the potential distribution of Ae. aegypti was modeled under an ecological niche approach using the maximum entropy technique with the aim of determining the spatial risk distribution of dengue. The final model of five variables (minimum temperature of the coldest month |Bio6|, precipitation of the wettest month |Bio13|, precipitation seasonality |Bio15|, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and relative humidity) contributed to more than 90% of the model’s performance. The results of the potential distribution model were then compared with the number of dengue cases per locality during the 2009–2015 period considering four suitability of presence categories. Category 4 corresponded with the highest suitability of presence (0.747 to 1) and the greatest risk of dengue (odds ratio [OR] = 103.27; P",,,2019,10.1093/jme/tjz244,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"ISEM Database, GBIF",not specified,80,,not specified,"Stae of Mexio, Morelos and Mexico City",Sub-national,Aedes,Aedes aegypti,"WorldClim (C), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (C), MODIS (LC), FAO (C)","Servicio Meteotologico Nacional, WorldClim, SRTM","Bio 1- 19, DEM, Relative Humidity","the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6), precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13), precipitation seasonality (Bio15), the NDVI, and RH",Correlation (r< 0.85),no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Hanafi-Bojd, AA; Vatandoost, H; Yaghoobi-Ershadi, MR","Hanafi-Bojd, Ahmad Ali; Vatandoost, Hassan; Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Mohammad Reza",Climate Change and the Risk of Malaria Transmission in Iran,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Climate change is an important factor affecting the dynamics of the vectors population and, hence, the risk of vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to predict the environmental suitability for malaria vectors in Iran under climate change scenarios in 2030s and 2050s. Literature search was performed to find documents on the spatial distribution of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901, Anopheles culicifacies s.l. Giles, 1901, Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. James, 1902, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi, 1899, Anopheles dthali Patton, 1905, Anopheles maculipennis s.l. Meigen, 1818, and Anopheles sacharovi Favre, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) published between 1970 and 2017. The bioclimatic data under three climate change scenarios (representative concentration pathway 2.6 [RCP2.6], RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) and MaxEnt model were used to predict the ecological niches for each species. Comparison between the two study periods under the three scenarios for each species revealed that RCP8.5 would reduce the area at risk for An. culicifacies s.l., An. dthali and An. superpictus s.l. in the 2050s compared to the 2030s, but the reverse will be induced by RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios. For An. fluviatilis s.l., RCP2.6 will reduce the risk areas in the 2050s, whereas an increase is expected under the two other scenarios. Moreover, all scenarios would decrease the high-risk areas of An. maculipennis s.l. in the 2050s. For An. sacharovi, RCP2.6 would increase its high-risk areas, whereas RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 would decrease its exposure. The high-risk area of An. stephensi is expected to increase under RCP8.5 in the 2030s and RCP4.5 in 2050s, but it will be almost unchanged or reduced under other scenarios.","Vatandoost, Hassan/0000-0002-5983-9420",0022-2585,2020,10.1093/jme/tjz131,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,literature,na,"52 training, 13 testing an. Culicifacies s.l; 76 training, 19 testing an dthali; 46 training and 11 testing an fluviatilis s.l.; 134 training, 33 testing an maculipennis s.l.; 38 training and 9 testing an sacharovi; 88 training and 21 testing an stephensi; 232 training and 58 testing an superpictus",,not specified,Iran,National,Anopheles,"an. Culicifacies s.l, an dthali, an fluviatilis s.l., an maculipennis s.l. an sacharovi, an stephensi, an superpictus",WorldClim (C),bioclim,all bioclim,"varied by species; an culicifacies highest gain bio11, bio15; an dthali highest gain bio 19; an fluviatilis bio 11, bio15; an maculipennis bio 12; an sacharovi bio3; an stephensi bio1; an superpictus bio19",no discussion of collinearity,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cabrera, CVP; Selvaraj, JJ","Portilla Cabrera, Cristiam Victoriano; Josephraj Selvaraj, John",Geographic shifts in the bioclimatic suitability for Aedes aegypti under climate change scenarios in Colombia,HELIYON,"The Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses are arboviruses predominantly transmitted to humans through the bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti. Currently, the vector represents a potential epidemiological risk in several Latin American and Pacific countries. However, little is known about the geographical distribution and bioclimatic suitability of this mosquito in the projected climate change scenarios in Colombia. Using a species distribution model of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) based on presence-only records obtained from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), land elevation obtained from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim), we produced environmental suitability maps of this mosquito vector for present and future geographic distribution. The future distribution were constructed based on the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) for the years 2050 and 2070, projected according to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 described by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). For the current conditions, Colombia has similar to 140,612.8 square km of areas with the possible presence of the vector; however, for the future, this will be reduced by more than 30%. For the future conditions, the suitable areas for A. aegypti decreased compared to the present, mainly for the year 2070 under RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, however, the probability of mosquito occurrence increases in some departments of Colombia. Areas susceptible to the presence of A. aegypti are affected by climate change. The Caribbean and Andean regions have a high probability of mosquito distribution; therefore, control and epidemiological surveillance are required in these areas. The results can serve as an input to define preventive and control measures, especially in areas with a higher risk of contracting the virus.","Portilla Cabrera, Cristiam Victoriano/0000-0003-4346-3972",2405-8440,2020,10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03101,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,128,,not specified,Colombia,National,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,WorldClim (C),Bioclim,"Bioclim, elevation","elevation, bio 3 most important",correlation coefficient <0.8,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cunze, S; Kochmann, J; Klimpel, S","Cunze, Sarah; Kochmann, Judith; Klimpel, Sven",Global occurrence data improve potential distribution models for Aedes japonicus japonicus in non-native regions,PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE,"BACKGROUND There is great interest in modelling the distribution of invasive species, particularly from the point of view of management. However, distribution modelling for invasive species using ecological niche models (ENMs) involves multiple challenges. Owing to the short time span since the introduction or arrival of a non-indigenous species and the associated dispersal limitations, applying regular ENMs at an early stage of the invasion process may result in an underestimation of the potential niche in the new ranges. This topic is dealt with here using the example of Aedes japonicus japonicus, a vector competent mosquito species for a number of diseases. RESULTS We found high niche unfilling for the species' non-native range niches in Europe and North America compared with the native range niche, which can be explained by the early stage of the invasion process. Comparing four different ENMs based on: (i) the European and (ii) the North American non-native range occurrence data, (iii) (derived) native range occurrence data, and (iv) all available occurrence data together, we found large differences in the projected climatic suitability, with the global data model projecting larger areas with climatic suitability. CONCLUSION ENM in biological invasions can be challenging, especially when distribution data are only poorly available. We suggest one possible way to project climatic suitability for Aedes j. japonicus despite poor data availability for the non-native ranges and missing occurrences from the native range. We discuss aspects of the lack of information and the associated implications for modelling. (c) 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.",,1526-498X,2020,10.1002/ps.5710,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"GBIF, literature review",na,7406,,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,Ae. japonicus,WorldClim (C),"annual mean temperature, max temp of the warmest month, min coldest month","annual mean temperature, max temp of the warmest month, min coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation warmest quarter, precipitation coldest quarter, annual temperature range, precipitation seasonality",not discussed,discussed collinearity but retained all variables,no,projected to non-native species
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Peach, DAH; Matthews, BJ","Peach, Daniel A. H.; Matthews, Benjamin J.",Modeling the Putative Ancient Distribution of Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae),JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE,"The coastal rock pool mosquito, Aedes (Tanakius) togoi (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), is found in coastal east Asia in climates ranging from subtropical to subarctic. However, a disjunct population in the Pacific Northwest of North America has an ambiguous heritage.Two potential models explain the presence of Ae. togoi in North America: ancient Beringian dispersal or modern anthropogenic introduction. Genetic studies have thus far proved inconclusive. Here we described the putative ancient distribution of Ae. togoi habitat in east Asia and examined the climatic feasibility of a Beringian introduction into North America using modern distribution records and ecological niche modeling of bioclimatic data from the last interglacial period (similar to 120,000 BP), the last glacial maximum (similar to 21,000 BP), and the mid-Holocene (similar to 6000 BP). Our results suggest that suitable climatic conditions existed for Ae. togoi to arrive in North America through natural dispersal as well as to persist there until present times. Furthermore, we find that ancient distributions of suitable Ae. togoi habitat in east Asia may explain the genetic relationships between Ae. togoi populations identified in other studies.These findings indicate the utility of ecological niche modeling as a complementary tool for studying insect phylogeography.","Matthews, Benjamin/0000-0002-8697-699X; Peach, Daniel/0000-0002-8913-5133",,2020,10.1093/jisesa/ieaa035,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, museum specimens",na,"86 in Asia, 49 in North America",,not specified,north America and Asia,Regional,Aedes,ae togoi,WorldClim (C),bioclim,bioclim,"mean diurnal range, min temp of the coldest month, precipitation of the coldest quarter","pairwise correlations discussed, but cutoff not specified",no,"did past projections at last interglacial period, last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene period"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Espinosa-Velez, Y; Altamiranda-Saavedra, M; Correa, MM","Espinosa-Velez, Yilmar; Altamiranda-Saavedra, Mariano; Correa, Margarita M.",Potential distribution of main malaria vector species in the endemic Colombian Pacific region,TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH,"Objective To assess the existing fundamental niche, potential distribution and degree of niche overlap for the three main Colombian malaria vectors Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles nuneztovari in the major malaria endemic Pacific region. Methods We used models based on presence records and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, created using the maximum entropy algorithm. Results The three vector species occupied heterogeneous environments, and their NDVI values differed. Anopheles albimanus had the largest niche amplitude and was distributed mainly on coastal areas. Environmentally suitable areas for An. albimanus and An. nuneztovari were the dry forest of inter-Andean Valleys in south-western Colombia, as confirmed for An. albimanus during model validation. There was a slight degree of niche overlap between An. darlingi and An. nuneztovari, and the species co-occurred in humid forests, predominantly in riparian zones of the San Juan and Atrato rivers. Conclusion The information obtained may be used for the implementation of vector control interventions in selected priority areas to reduce malaria risk in this region while optimising resources.",,1360-2276,2020,10.1111/tmi.13399,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,Human landing catch and literature review,protected human landing catches,,,adults,Colombia,Sub-national,Anopheles,"an albimanus, an darlingi, an nuneztovari",MODIS (LC),no,NDVI,NDVI values differed for each species,PCA of NDVI imagery,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Liu, BY; Gao, X; Zheng, KR; Ma, J; Jiao, ZH; Xiao, JH; Wang, HB","Liu, Boyang; Gao, Xiang; Zheng, Keren; Ma, Jun; Jiao, Zhihui; Xiao, Jianhua; Wang, Hongbin",The potential distribution and dynamics of important vectors Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in China under climate change scenarios: an ecological niche modelling approach,PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE,"BACKGROUND Intense studies have been carried out on the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases and vectors. Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are two medically concerned mosquito species in temperate and tropical areas, which serve as important disease-transmitting pests of a variety of diseases. The ongoing geographical expansion of these mosquitoes has brought an increasing threat to public health. RESULTS Based on mosquito occurrence records and high-resolution environmental layers, an ecological niche model was established to model their current and future potential distribution in China. Our model showed that the current suitable area for Cx. p. pallens is distributed in the central, eastern and northern parts of China, while Cx. p. quinquefasciatus is distributed in vast areas in southern China. Under future climate change scenarios, both species are predicted to expand their range to varying degrees and RCP 8.5 provides the largest expansion. Northward core shifts will occur in ranges of both species. Environmental variables which have significant impact on the distribution of mosquitoes were also revealed by our model. CONCLUSION Severe habitat expansion of vectors is likely to occur in the future 21st century. Our models mapped the high-risk areas and risk factors which needs to be paid attention. The results of our study can be referenced in further ecological surveys and will guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry","Liu, Boyang/0000-0003-4569-933X",1526-498X,2020,10.1002/ps.5861,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,maxent,Occurrence,"literature review, Global Biodiversity Information Facility",na,427 Cx pallens; 133 Cx quinquefasciatus,,adults and larvae,China,National,Culex,"cx pallens, cx quinquefasciatus","WorldClim (C), Land-Use Harmonization database (LC)",bioclim,"bioclim, land use","culex pipiens: temperature seasonality, annual crops, perennial crops; culex pipiens quinqs: precipitation of the driest quarter, perennial crops, urban land",correlation coefficient > 0.70,yes,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Liu, BY; Ma, J; Jiao, ZH; Gao, X; Xiao, JH; Wang, HB","Liu, Boyang; Ma, Jun; Jiao, Zhihui; Gao, Xiang; Xiao, Jianhua; Wang, Hongbin",Risk assessment for the Rift Valley fever occurrence in China: Special concern in south-west border areas,TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES,"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease. Since its first outbreak in 1930, RVF epidemics have caused huge economic losses and public health impacts in Africa. In 2000, RVF became a disease of global concern as it spread to the Arabian Peninsula. In our study, a Geographic Information System-based risk assessment for the occurrence of Rift Valley fever in China was established by means of ecological niche modelling. Based on occurrence records (RVF records from FAO EMPRES-i, vector records from literatures and GBIF) and high-resolution environmental layers, the prediction maps of RVF occurrence probability and distribution of five potential RVF vectors in China were modelled using Maxent. An internal validation was adopted for model verification, and high AUC values were obtained (0.918 for RVF and 0.837-0.992 for vectors). By overlaying the RVF prediction map with the combined RVF vector prediction map using Fuzzy overlay tool ('AND' operator) of ArcMap 10.2, we got the first risk map of possible RVF vector transmission. This map was further overlaid with the latest livestock distribution map ('AND' operator) to generate the second risk map of possible RVF threat to domestic livestock. The south-west border provinces in China, Yunnan, Guangxi and Tibet were predicted to have a high possibility of RVF occurrence. Conditions conducive to the local amplification of RVF also exist in these areas. Temperature seasonality, mean temperature of dry season and precipitation of the driest month were considered as key environmental variables for RVF, and common environmental conditions were found conductive for vectors. It is suggested to establish proper surveillance systems in south-west border areas to minimize the possibility of RVF invasion. Our findings can serve as a valuable reference for prevention measures to be implemented.","Liu, Boyang/0000-0003-4569-933X",1865-1674,2020,10.1111/tbed.13695,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Literature review and GBIF,na,"Ae. aegypti (139), Ae. albopictus (559), Ae. vexans (136), Cx. Quinquefasciatus (210), Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus (318)",,not specified,China,National,Multiple,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. vexans, Cx. Quinquefasciatus, Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus","WorldClim (C), NASA GIMMS V1 (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Bioclim variables,"Bioclim, NDVI, host density, elevation","high precipitation, warm winter, NDVI","Stepwise VIF, VIF < 10",no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Daniela Figueroa; Sergio Scott; Christian R González; Gustavo Bizama; Raul Flores-Mara; Ramiro O. Bustamante; Mauricio Canals; Néstor Cáceres Velásquez,,"Estimating the climate change consequences on the potential distribution of Culex pipiens L. 1758, to assess the risk of West Nile virus establishment in Chile",GAYANA,"Climate change affects the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Culex pipiens Linnaeus is the main vector of West Nile fever; a widely distributed arbovirus, it is continuously increasing its distribution. Using a species distribution model, maps of suitable habitats of Cx. pipiens were generated for Chile in the current climate and three climate change scenarios, using global and regional georeferenced vector presence records as input, plus bioclimatic variables. Since this virus has not yet arrived in Chile, the purpose of this study is to anticipate potential risk areas and to prevent the establishment and spread of the virus. Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in Chile. The suitable habitats in Chile were concentrated mostly from 32º to 35ºS, increasing in future scenarios up to 113 % in the northern zone and moving towards the mountains. This species conserves around 90 % of its niche in the future, and shows a reduction of 11.4 % in the severe climate change scenario. It is anticipated that Chile will experience an increase in the environmental suitability for Cx. pipiens moving from the Andes to the coastal zone throughout the country, mainly in the center-south. This will raise the risk of local virus transmission if the virus is introduced to the country via diverse routes.",,0717-652X,2020,10.4067/S0717-65382020000100046,Yes,yes,Yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,106 (From field sampling sites),sampled from Chile (insititute of Public Health of Chile),not specified,Chile,National,Culex,Culex pipiens Linnaeus,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,All 19 Bioclim variables,"Annual Temperature, Average Diurnal Temperature, Annual Precipitation and Seasonality of Precipitation",Pearson’s coefficient < 0.7,yes,
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Daniel S Marshall; Christopher J Butler,,POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIOCONTROL AGENT TOXORHYNCHITES RUTILUS BY 2070,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION,"Climate change projections indicate that mosquito distributions will expand to include new areas of North America, increasing human exposure to mosquito-borne disease. Controlling these vectors is imperative, as mosquito-borne disease incidence will rise in response to expansion of mosquito range and increased seasonality. One means of mosquito control used in the USA is the biocontrol agent, Toxorhynchites rutilus. Climate change will open new habitats for its use by vector control organizations, but the extent of this change in habitat is currently unknown. We used a maximum entropy approach to create species distribution models for Tx. rutilus under 4 climate change scenarios by 2070. Mean temperature of warmest quarter (22.6°C to 29.1°C), annual precipitation (1,025.15 mm to 1,529.40 mm), and precipitation seasonality (?17.86) are the most important bioclimatic variables for suitable habitat. The center of current possible habitat distribution of Tx. rutilus is in central Tennessee. Depending upon the scenario, we expect centroids to shift north-northeast by 97.68 km to 280.16 km by 2070. The extreme change in area of greater than 50% suitable habitat probability is 141.14% with 99.44% area retained. Our models indicate limited change in current habitat as well as creation of new habitat. These results are promising for North American mosquito control programs for the continued and potential combat of vector mosquitoes using Tx. rutilus.",,8756-971X,2020,10.2987/8756-971X-36.3.131,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,123,,not specified,"North CanadaUSA, Canada, Mexico",Regional,Other,Toxorhynchites rutilus,"WorldClim (C, T)",Worldclim,"Bio1-19, Elevation","mean temperature of warmest quarter, annual precipitation, and precipitation seasonality, elevation",AUC (0.9),yes,
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Sandra Castaño-Quintero​; Jazmín Escobar-Luján; Luis Osorio-Olvera; A Townsend Peterson; Xavier Chiappa-Carrara; Enrique Martínez-Meyer; Carlos Yañez-Arenas,,Supraspecific units in correlative niche modeling improves the prediction of geographic potential of biological invasions,PEERJ,"Background: Biological invasions rank among the most significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystems. Correlative ecological niche modeling is among the most frequently used tools with which to estimate potential distributions of invasive species. However, when areas accessible to the species across its native distribution do not represent the full spectrum of environmental conditions that the species can tolerate, correlative studies often underestimate fundamental niches. Methods: Here, we explore the utility of supraspecific modeling units to improve the predictive ability of models focused on biological invasions. Taking into account phylogenetic relationships in correlative ecological niche models, we studied the invasion patterns of three species (Aedes aegypti, Pterois volitans and Oreochromis mossambicus).Results:Use of supraspecific modeling units improved the predictive ability of correlative niche models in anticipating potential distributions of three invasive species. We demonstrated that integrating data on closely related species allowed a more complete characterization of fundamental niches. This approach could be used to model species with invasive potential but that have not yet invaded new regions.",,2167-8359,2020,10.7717/peerj.10454,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,9806,,not specified,,Global,Multiple,Aedes aegypti,CliMond,"Climond, BioOracle",BIO1 Annual mean temperature (°C) BIO2 Mean diurnal temperature range (mean (period max - min)) (°C) BIO3 Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) BIO4 Temperature seasonality (C of V) BIO5 Max temperature of warmest week (°C) BIO6 Min temperature of coldest week (°C) BIO7 Temperature annual range (BIO5-BIO6) (°C) BIO10 Mean temperature of warmest quarter (°C) BIO11 Mean temperature of coldest quarter (°C) BIO12 Annual precipitation (mm) BIO13 Precipitation of wettest week (mm) BIO14 Precipitation of driest week (mm) BIO16 Precipitation of wettest quarter (mm) BIO17 Precipitation of driest quarter (mm) BIO20 Annual mean radiation (W m-2) BIO21 Highest weekly radiation (W m-2) BIO22 Lowest weekly radiation (W m-2) BIO23 Radiation seasonality (C of V) BIO28 Annual mean moisture index BIO29 Highest weekly moisture index BIO30 Lowest weekly moisture index BIO32 Mean moisture index of wettest quarter BIO33 Mean moisture index of driest quarter,Present Surface Temperature Min (°C) Present Surface Temperature Max (°C) Present Surface Temperature Mean (°C) Present Surface Temperature Lt Min (°C) Present Surface Temperature Lt Max (°C) Present Surface Temperature Range (°C) Present Surface Salinity Min (PSS) Present Surface Salinity Max (PSS) Present Surface Salinity Mean (PSS) Present Surface Salinity Lt Min (PSS) Present Surface Salinity Lt Max (PSS) Present Surface Salinity Range (PSS,Principal Component Analysis,no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,J Guillermo Bond; David A Moo-Llanes; Aldo I Ortega-Morales; Carlos F Marina; Mauricio Casas-Martínez; Rogelio Danis-Lozano,,Diversity and potential distribution of culicids of medical importance of the Yucatan Peninsula. Mexico,SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO,"Objective. To determine the species distribution, abundance, and diversity of culicids in the Yucatan Peninsula (YP); their potential distribution, using ecological niche modeling (ENM), and the risk of contact with urban and rural populations. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out through the YP. The diversity of species was determined with the Shannon index. The potential distribution of the culicids was determined through the ENM, as well as the risk of urban and rural populations though contact with vectors. Results. A total of 10 699 specimens, 15 genera and 52 species were registered. Campeche and the Biosphere Reserve of Calakmul exhibited the highest diversity. Con- clusions. The ENM predict a high suitability in all the YP of Ae.aegypti, An. albimanus, An. pseudopuntipennis, Cx. coronator, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The vector species that exhibited the highest risk of contact in the YP were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae.aegypti and Ae. albopictus.",,0036-3634,2020,10.21149/11208,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Sample and GBIF,"Pipettes, metal dippers, ovitraps, BG sentinel traps, BDV tent traps.",3458,,adults and larvae,"Campeche and Yucatan; Ría Lagartos, in Yucatan, and Sian Ka’an, in Quintana Roo",Sub-national,Multiple,Cq. venezuelensis An. pseudopunctipennis An. albimanus Ae. albopictus Ps. confinnis Sa.chloropterus Hg. equinus Ae. taeniorhynchus Cx. interrogator An. vestitipennis Cx. coronator Cx. nigripalpus Ae. aegypti Cx. quinquefasciatus,"WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T)",Worldclim,"mean annual temperature, seasonal temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, annual temperature range, annual rainfall, precipitation of the wettestmonth, precipitation of the driest month and seasonality of precipitation), aspect, slope,topographical index and elevation","mean annual temperature, seasonal temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, annual temperature range, annual rainfall, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month and seasonality of precipitation), aspect, slope,topographical index and elevation",AUC > 0.9,no,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Hamid Reza Shoraka; A Sofizadeh; A Mehravaran,,Larval habitat characteristics and predicting the distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelin Golestan Province (north of Iran),JOURNAL OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES,"Background & objectives: Culex tritaeniorhynchus is a widely distributed and medically important mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae). The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of larval habitats and predict the distribution of Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model in Golestan Province (north of Iran). Methods: Overall, 53 villages and cities from the 14 counties in the Golestan Province were studied. Suitable habitats for sampling of mosquitoes were determined in the selected villages. Larval sampling was carried out 10 times using a standardized dipper (350 ml). Captured larvae in each dipper were counted and kept in special containers. Larvae were put in lactophenol and were then mounted on microscope slides prepared according to the de Faure’s formula. All villages where Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was isolated from were considered as the species presence points, and their coordinates were extracted from the GIS. The obtained data were entered into the model in Microsoft Excel 2003. Layers required for the study were obtained from the World Clim global climate database at a spatial resolution of 1 km2. The MaxEnt software (version 3.3.3) was used to predict the most suitable ecological niches of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Results: Out of the 5168 specimens collected from 53 villages and cities, 1097 specimens (21%) were identified as Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The central and western areas of the province are environmental suitability areas for distribution of this species compared to the other areas. Area under curve (AUC) value for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was 0.888. Environmental variables with highest gain in the model were precipitation of coldest quarter (bio19), maximum temperature of warmest month (bio5) and slope. Interpretation & conclusion: Precipitation and temperature are important determinants of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus distribution in Golestan Province.",,0972-9062,2020,10.4103/0972-9062.311780,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Larval sampling,na,,,larvae,"Golistan, Iran",Sub-national,Multiple,"An. hyrcanus, An. maculipennis, An. pseudopictus, An. superpictus, Cx. hortensis, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. pusillus, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaeniohynchus, Cs. longiareolata, Oc. caspius, Uranotaenia unguiculata","WorldClim (C), DEM (T), MODIS (LC)","Worldclim, Weatherstation Data","Bio 1-19, NDVI, Aspect, Slope, Altitude,","precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16), precipitation of coldest quarter (bio19), maximum temperature of warmest month (bio5) and mean diurnal range [mean of monthly (max temp – min temp)] (bio2)",Jacknife Test,no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Lara Valderrama; Salvador Ayala; Carolina Reyes; Christian R González,,Modeling the Potential Distribution of the Malaria Vector Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Arid Regions of Northern Chile,FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH,"The extreme north of Chile presents a subtropical climate permissive of the establishment of potential disease vectors. Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis is distributed from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina and Chile, and is one of the main vectors of malaria in Latin America. Malaria was eradicated from Chile in 1945. Nevertheless, the vector persists in river ravines of the Arica and Tarapacá regions. The principal effect of climate change in the north of Chile is temperature increase. Precipitation prediction is not accurate for this region because records were erratic during the last century. The objective of this study was to estimate the current and the projected distribution pattern of this species in Chile, given the potential impact due to climate change. We compiled distributional data for An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis and constructed species distribution models to predict the spatial distribution of this species using the MaxEnt algorithm with current and RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, using environmental and topographic layers. Our models estimated that the current expected range of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis extends continuously from Arica to the north of Antofagasta region. Furthermore, the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 projected scenarios suggested that the range of distribution of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis may increase in longitude, latitude, and altitude limits, enhancing the local extension area by 38 and 101%, respectively, and local presence probability (>0.7), from the northern limit in Arica y Parinacota region (18°S) to the northern Antofagasta region (23°S). This study contributes to geographic and ecologic knowledge about this species in Chile, as it represents the first local study of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis. The information generated in this study can be used to inform decision making regarding vector control and surveillance programs of Latin America. These kinds of studies are very relevant to generate human, animal, and environmental health knowledge contributing to the “One Health” concept.",,2296-2565,2021,10.3389/fpubh.2021.611152,Yes,yes,Yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Programa de vigilancia vectorial de culícidos del Ministerio de Salud de Chile,na,50,Sampled from Arica y Parinacota and Tarapaca Region,not specified,North Chile,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis,"WorldClim (C), DEM (T)",Worldclim,"annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, maximum temperature of warmest month, minimum temperature of coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, river proximity, altitude, slope, exposition, orientation and flow direction, topographic wetness index, topographic roughness index, topographic position index.","Precipitation during the wettest month, topographihc position index, river proximity, annual mean temperature",Jackknife Test (AUC > 0.9),yes,
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Morgan E. Gorris; Andrew W. Bartlow; Seth D. Temple; Daniel Romero-Alvarez; Deborah P. Shutt; Jeanne M. Fair; Kimberly A. Kaufeld; Sara Y. Del Valle; Carrie A. Manore ,,Updated distribution maps of predominant Culex mosquitoes across the Americas,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Estimates of the geographical distribution of Culex mosquitoes in the Americas have been limited to state and provincial levels in the United States and Canada and based on data from the 1980s. Since these estimates were made, there have been many more documented observations of mosquitoes and new methods have been developed for species distribution modeling. Moreover, mosquito distributions are afected by environmental condi? tions, which have changed since the 1980s. This calls for updated estimates of these distributions to understand the risk of emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. Methods: We used contemporary mosquito data, environmental drivers, and a machine learning ecological niche model to create updated estimates of the geographical range of seven predominant Culex species across North America and South America: Culex erraticus, Culex nigripalpus, Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex restuans, Culex salinarius, and Culex tarsalis. Results: We found that Culex mosquito species difer in their geographical range. Each Culex species is sensitive to both natural and human-infuenced environmental factors, especially climate and land cover type. Some prefer urban environments instead of rural ones, and some are limited to tropical or humid areas. Many are found throughout the Central Plains of the USA. Conclusions: Our updated contemporary Culex distribution maps may be used to assess mosquito-borne disease risk. It is critical to understand the current geographical distributions of these important disease vectors and the key environmental predictors structuring their distributions not only to assess current risk, but also to understand how they will respond to climate change. Since the environmental predictors structuring the geographical distributi",,1756-3305,2021,10.1186/s13071-021-05051-3,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"VectorBase, VectorMap, MERRAclim, EarthEnv, NEON, PHO, WSDH",na,,,not specified,North and south America,Regional,Culex,"Culex erraticus, Culex nigripalpus, Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex restuans, Culex salinarius, and Culex tarsalis","MERRAclim (C), EarthEnv (T, LC)",MERRAclim,"annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range in temperature, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and the annual range in temperature, annual mean specifc humidity,
 specifc humidity of the most humid month, and specifc
 humidity of the least humid month, EVI, LULC, Topography","annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range in temperature, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and the annual range in temperature, annual mean specifc humidity,
 specifc humidity of the most humid month, and specifc
 humidity of the least humid month, EVI, LULC, Topography",Area Under Curve,no,
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Nils Benjamin Tjaden; Yanchao Cheng; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Stephanie Margarete Thomas,,Chikungunya Beyond the Tropics: Where and When Do We Expect Disease Transmission in Europe?,VIRUSES-BASEL,"Chikungunya virus disease (chikungunya) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease reported in at least 50 countries, mostly in the tropics. It has spread around the globe within the last two decades, with local outbreaks in Europe. The vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) has already widely established itself in southern Europe and is spreading towards central parts of the continent. Public health authorities and policymakers need to be informed about where and when a chikungunya transmission is likely to take place. Here, we adapted a previously published global ecological niche model (ENM) by including only non-tropical chikungunya occurrence records and selecting bioclimatic variables that can reflect the temperate and sub-tropical conditions in Europe with greater accuracy. Additionally, we applied an epidemiological model to capture the temporal outbreak risk of chikungunya in six selected European cities. Overall, the non-tropical ENM captures all the previous outbreaks in Europe, whereas the global ENM had underestimated the risk. Highly suitable areas are more widespread than previously assumed. They are found in coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea, in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, and in Atlantic coastal areas of France. Under a worst-case scenario, even large areas of western Germany and the Benelux states are considered potential areas of transmission. For the six selected European cities, June–September (the 22th–38th week) is the most vulnerable time period, with the maximum continuous duration of a possible transmission period lasting up to 93 days (Ravenna, Italy",,1999-4915,2021,10.3390/v13061024,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Published literature,na,850,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Aedes albopictus,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,"Annual Mean teperature, Mean Diurnal Range, Isothermality, Temperature Seasonality, Maximum Temperature of Warmest Month, Minimum Temperature of Coldest Month, Temperature Annual Range, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, Mean Temperatue of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperatue of Coldest Quuarter, Annual Precipitation, Precipitation of Wettest Month, Precipitation of Driest month, Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter, Precipitation of Warmest Quarter and Precipitation of Coldest Quarter","Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Annual Precipitation, Mean Temperatue of Coldest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, Temperature Annual Range, Minimum Temperature of Coldest Month, Annual Mean Temperature,",True Skill Statisic,no,
MOSQUITO ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,David A Moo-Llanes; Teresa López-Ordóñez; Jorge A Torres-Monzón; Clemente Mosso-González; Mauricio Casas-Martínez; Abdallah M Samy,,Assessing the Potential Distributions of the Invasive Mosquito Vector Aedes albopictus and Its Natural Wolbachia Infections in Mexico,INSECTS,"The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is currently the most invasive vector species, with a widespread global distribution. Aedes albopictus is the potential vector of diverse arboviruses, including Zika and dengue. This study updated the ecological niche model of Ae. albopictus and inferred the potential distribution of natural Wolbachia infections in Ae. albopictus in México. The ecological niche models were constructed based on diverse model settings to better estimate the potential distributions and uncertainty indices of both Ae. albopictus and its natural Wolbachia infections in México. The distribution of Ae. albopictus covered the states across Northern México, the Gulf of México, the Pacific Coast of México, Central México, and the southeast of México. The ecological niche model of the natural Wolbachia infections in Ae. albopictus populations anticipated the occurrence of natural Wolbachia infections in the southeast of México, the Chiapas border with Guatemala, and Veracruz. These results can be used to prioritize vector surveillance and control programs in México for strategic and future decision-making; however, it is still necessary to establish active surveillance programs to assess model predictions based on the independent sampling of Ae. albopictus from different invasion zones in México. Finally, vector surveillance should also screen the natural Wolbachia infections in Ae. albopictus to validate Wolbachia predictions across México, particularly in the southeast of México.",,2075-4450,2021,10.3390/insects12020143,Yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Published literature,not specified,,,not specified,Mexico,National,Aedes,Aedes albopictus,"WorldClim (C), CGIAR-CSI (T)",Worldclim,"Bio 1: Annual Mean Temperature; Bio 2: Mean Diurnal Range; Bio 3: Isothermality; Bio 4: Temperature Seasonality; Bio 5: Maximum Temperature of Warmest Month; Bio 6: Minimum Temperature of Coldest Month; Bio 7: Temperature Annual Range; Bio10: Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter; Bio11: Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter; Bio12: Annual Precipitation; Bio13: Precipitation of Wettest Month; Bio14: Precipitation of Driest Month; Bio15: Precipitation Seasonality; Bio16: Precipitation of Wettest Quarter; and Bio17: Precipitation of Driest Quarter, Elevation, Human Population Growth Rate","Bio 4, Bio 7, Bio 11, Bio 12, Bio 13, Bio 14, Bio 17, and elevation",Jackknife Test (AUC >0.9),no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,K.Omar; H.S.Thabet; R.A.TagEldin; C.C.Asadu; O.C.Chukwuekezie; J.C.Ochu; F.A.Dogunro; U.C.Nwangwu; O.C.Onwude; E.K.Ezihe; C.C.Anioke; H.Arimoto,,"Ecological niche modeling for predicting the potential geographical distribution of Aedes species (Diptera: Culicidae): A case study of Enugu State, Nigeria",PARASITE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL,"Arbovirus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes has long been a significant problem in Africa. In West Africa, Aedes vector management faces significant challenges; lack of recent Aedes distributional data and potential distributional modeling hinder effective vector control and pose serious public health issues. In this study, larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from four study sites in Enugu State, Nigeria every other month between November 2017 and September 2018. A total number of 2997 Aedes mosquitoes were collected and identified, and 59 positive field occurrence points for both Aedes adult and larvae were recorded. A total of 18 positive occurrence points were used for modeling. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) were used to estimatethe current geographic distribution of Aedes species (spp.) in Enugu State, south-east Nigeria, and mosquito presence was used as a proxy for predicting risk of disease transmission. Maximum Entropy distribution modeling or “MaxEnt” was used for predicting the potential suitable habitats, using a portion of the occurrence records. A total of 23 environmental variables (19 bioclimatic and four topographic) were used to model the potential geographical distribution area under current climatic conditions. The most suitable habitat for Aedes spp. was predicted in the northern, central, and southeastern parts of Enugu State with some extensions in Anambra, Delta, and Edo States in the west, and Ebonyi State in the east. Seasonal temperature, precipitation of the wettest month, mean monthly temperature range, elevation, and precipitation of the driest months were the highest estimated main variable contributions associated with the distribution of Aedes spp. We found that Aedes spp. prefer to be situated in environmental conditions where precipitation of wettest month ranged from 265 to 330 mm, precipitation of driest quarter rangedfrom 25 to 75 mm while precipitation of wettest quarter ranged from 650 to 950 mm. Aedesmosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, pose a significant threat to human health,hence, the results of this study will help decision makers to monitor the distribution of thesespecies and establish a management plan for future national mosquito surveillance and controlprograms in Nigeria",,2405-6731,2021,10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00225,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Database from National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu Laboratory","BG sentinel traps, CO2-baited CDC UV light traps",59,,adults and larvae,"Enugu, Nigeria",Sub-national,Aedes,Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus,"WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",Worldclim,"Bio 1-19, DEM derived slope, aspect, hillshade, elevation","elevation, slope, aspect, hillshade, mean diurnal range (max. temp – min. temp) (bio2), temperature seasonality (SD × 100) (bio 4), max temperature of warmest month (bio5), min temperature of coldest month (bio 6), mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio 8), precipitation of wettest month (bio13), Precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of variation) (bio 15), precipitation of driest quarter (bio17), and precipitation of coldest quarter(bio19)",Linear Regression R square,no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Emmanuel Echeverry-Cárdenas; Carolina López-Castañeda; Juan D. Carvajal-Castro; Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando,,"Potential geographic distribution of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) in current and future conditions for Colombia",PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"In Colombia, little is known on the distribution of the Asian mosquito Aedes albopictus, main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Asia and Oceania. Therefore, this work sought to estimate its current and future potential geographic distribution under the Representative Concentration Paths (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios by 2050 and 2070, using ecological niche models. For this, predictions were made in MaxEnt, employing occurrences of A. albopictus from their native area and South America and bioclimatic variables of these places. We found that, from their invasion of Colombia to the most recent years, A. albopictus is present in 47% of the country, in peri-urban (20%), rural (23%), and urban (57%) areas between 0 and 1800 m, with Antioquia and Valle del Cauca being the departments with most of the records. Our ecological niche modelling for the currently suggests that A. albopictus is distributed in 96% of the Colombian continental surface up to 3000 m (p < 0.001) putting at risk at least 48 million of people that could be infected by the arboviruses that this species transmits. Additionally, by 2050 and 2070, under RCP 2.6 scenario, its distribution could cover to nearly 90% of continental extension up to 3100 m (?55 million of people at risk), while under RCP 8.5 scenario, it could decrease below 60% of continental extension, but expand upward to 3200 m (< 38 million of people at risk). These results suggest that, currently in Colombia, A. albopictus is found throughout the country and climate change could diminish eventually its area of distribution, but increase its altitudinal range. In Colombia, surveillance and vector control programs must focus their attention on this vector to avoid complications in the national public health setting.",,,2021,10.1371/journal.pntd.0008212,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Colombian National Health Institute (CNHI) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database,na,,,not specified,Republic of Colombia,National,Aedes,Aedes albopictus,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,"Mean annual temperature, Range of daily temperatures, Isothermality, Annual precipitation, Precipitation of the rainiest month, Precipitation of the driest month, Precipitation of the rainiest quarter, Precipitation of the warmest quarter","Mean annual temperature, Range of daily temperatures, Isothermality, Annual precipitation, Precipitation of the rainiest month, Precipitation of the driest month, Precipitation of the rainiest quarter, Precipitation of the warmest quarter",Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient,yes,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Abdelkrim Outammassine; Said Zouhair; Souad Loqman,,"Global potential distribution of three underappreciated arboviruses vectors (Aedes japonicus, Aedes vexans and Aedes vittatus) under current and future climate conditions",TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES,"Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are expanding their geographic range, posing significant health threats to millions of people worldwide. This expansion is associated with efficient and suitable vector availability. Apart from the well-known Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, other Aedes species may potentially promote the geographic spread of arboviruses because these viruses have similar vector requirements. Aedes japonicus, Ae. vexans and Ae. vittatus are a growing concern, given their potential and known vector competence for several arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In the present study, we developed detailed maps of their global potential distributions under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, using an ecological niche modeling approach (Maxent). Under present-day conditions, Ae. japonicus and Ae. vexans have suitable areas in the northeastern United States, across Europe and in southeastern China, whereas the tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia are more suitable for Ae. vittatus. Future scenarios anticipated range changes for the three species, with each expected to expand into new areas that are currently not suitable. By 2050, Ae. japonicus will have a broader potential distribution across much of Europe, the United States, western Russia and central Asia. Aedes vexans may be able to expand its range, especially in Libya, Egypt and southern Australia. For Ae. vittatus, future projections indicated areas at risk in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. As such, these species deserve as much attention as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus when processing arboviruses risk assessments and our findings may help to better understand the potential distribution of each species.",,1865-1674,2021,,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"GBIF, Pubmed",na,,,not specified,,Global,Multiple,"Aedes japonicus, Ochlerotatus japonicus, Hulecoeteomyia japonica, Aedes vexans and Aedes vittatus",WorldClim (C),Worldclim,Bio 1-19,"Bio 1, Bio 2, Bio 3, Bio 4, Bio 5, Bio 6, Bio 7, Bio 11, Bio 12, Bio 13, Bio 14,Bio 15, Bio 16, Bio 17",Principal Component Analysis,yes,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Lindsay P. Campbell; Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena; Evaristo Miqueli; Isik Unlu; Kristin E. Sloyer; Johana Medina; Chalmers Vasquez; William Petrie; Lawrence E. Reeves ,,Potential Distribution of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae): A Vector Mosquito New to the Florida Peninsula,INSECTS,"Aedes scapularis is a neotropical mosquito known to transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Its recent establishment in southeastern Florida has potential public health implications. We used an ecological niche modeling approach to predict the abiotic environmental suitability for Ae. scapularis across much of the Americas and Caribbean Islands. Georeferenced occurrence data obtained from the Global Biodiversity Inventory Facility and recent collection records of Ae. scapularis from southern Florida served as input for model calibration. Environmental layers included bioclimatic variables provided in 2000 to 2010 average Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications climatic (MERRAclim) data. Models were run in the software program Maxent. Isothermality values often found in costal environments, had the greatest contribution to model performance. Model projections suggested that there are areas predicted to be suitable for Ae. Scapularis across portions of the Amazon Basin, the Yucatán Peninsula, the Florida Peninsula, and multiple Caribbean Islands. Additionally, model predictions suggested connectivity of highly suitable or relatively suitable environments spanning the United States Gulf Coast, which may facilitate the geographic expansion of this species. At least sixteen Florida counties were predicted to be highly suitable for Ae. scapularis, suggesting that vigilance is needed by vector control and public health agencies to recognize the further spread of this vector.",,2075-4450,2021,10.3390/insects12030213,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,,,not specified,Florida,Sub-national,Aedes,Aedes scapularis,MERRAclim (C),MERRAclim,"Bio1-Average Annual Temperature, Bio3-Average Isothermality (mean diurnal range/temperature annual range), Bio5-Average Maximum Temperature of the Warmest Month, Bio6-Average Minimum Temperature of the Coldest Month,Bio12-Average Annual Specific Humidity, Bio16-Average Specific Humidity of the Wettest Quarter, Bio17-Average Specific Humidity of the Driest Quarter","BIO1, BIO3, BIO5, BIO17",Pearson Correlation - M region,no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,VerónicaAndreo; Pablo Fernando Cuervo; Ximena Porcasi; Laura Lopez; Claudio Guzman; Carlos M.Scavuzzo,,Towards a workflow for operational mapping of Aedes aegypti at urban scale based on remote sensing,REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS-SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT,"Remote sensing (RS) applications for vector borne diseases are a field of high social impact increasingly relevant in the context of a higher frequency of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks at global scale and especially in Latin America. The operative use of RS technologies is however still rare. Therefore, the objective of this work is to generate and analyze multitemporal Aedes aegypti’s suitability maps and to share the open source tools used towards the building of an operative workflow. As a proof of concept, we implemented a process chain to obtain maps for Ae. aegypti activity within the 2017–2018 mosquito breeding season based on ovitraps records and RS data within the framework of ecological niche modeling. The workflow was carefully thought as to consider possible biases in training data, model calibration to attain the best hyper-parameter combination, model selection, variable selection and validation with independent data. The predictive maps showed high suitability for Ae. aegypti within te city, except in large vegetated areas and the commercial downtown consistently with previous studies and our own observations. Relevant variables included distance to built-up surfaces, distance to vegetated areas and correlation, a texture measure reflecting surface heterogeneity. Validation results suggested that the spatial distribution of ovitraps should be re-examined. All the steps in the proposed workflow were implemented using freely available and open source software, which warrants reproducibility and allows for reuse and modifications in terms of methods and RS or mosquito data available",,2352-9385,2021,10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100554,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Ovitraps, larval survey for validation","ovitraps, larval sampling",,,eggs and larvae,C ?ordoba city,Sub-national,Aedes,Aedes aegypti,"SPOT (LC), Cordoba City/State dataset (LC)",Not included,"LULC, Railway and Waterflows, NDVI, NDWI","Distance to Class 2, Distance to Class 13, Distance to Class 14, Dec 2017 Distance to Railway, Distance to Class 14, NDWI Average Correlation, Distance to Railway, Distance to Class 2 , Distance to Class 10, Distance to Class 14 Correlation",Correlation (r<0.75),no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd; Morteza Motazakker; Hassan Vatandoost; Farrokh Dabiri; Ali Reza Chavshin,,Sindbis virus infection of mosquito species in the wetlands of northwestern Iran and modeling the probable ecological niches of SINV vectors in the country,ACTA TROPICA,"Sindbis virus (SINV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are among the most widely spread mosquito-borne viruses worldwide. Due to the key role of mosquitoes in the transmission cycle of vector-borne diseases, models such as Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) have been used in recent years to predict the environmental suitability and ecological niches of mosquito vectors. Infection of three mosquito species (Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culiseta longiareolata) with CHIKV has recently been reported in Iran. However, given the importance of vector-borne diseases in the country, there is a need for extensive studies on the infection of mosquitoes with CHIKV and SINV in different areas of the country. Accordingly, the current research was conducted to investigate the infection of mosquitoes with the two aforementioned viruses in the northwestern part of Iran and also to model the ecological niches of the vectors of these mosquito-borne viruses in the country. In the current study, 4639 mosquito specimens, consisting of 2515 adults and 2124 larvae, were collected from the wetlands of West Azerbaijan Province and identified. Ten species belonging to four genera were identified in this study. The specimens were allocated to 149 pools for the determination of infection with CHIKV and SINV. The amplification pattern of five pools comprising two mosquito species (Culex pipiens complex and Cx. Theileri) corresponded to the reference strain of SINV, and the isolates were sequenced to confirm the presence of SINV genome. No cases of CHIKV infection were found among the 149 examined mosquito pools. Data on the distribution of Cx. Pipiens complex and Cx. Theileri were mapped using ArcMap 10.5. Prediction maps of the presence probability for these species revealed that they are most likely to be found in and spread to the north, northwest, south, and southeastern areas of the country and in areas with abundant water resources. For the first time in Iran, our study investigated the presence probability of SINV vectors using ecological niche modeling. Ecological niche profiling showed that the most suitable habitats for Cx. pipiens are mainly concentrated in the north and northwestern parts of the country, whereas Cx. theileri is mostly located in the northwest and western regions. However, there were some other areas of low suitability for these two species in the country. Further studies in a broader geographical area with more species of mosquitos and the determination of infection with other mosquito-borne viruses can provide a clear understanding of the potential spread of mosquito-borne diseases in various regions of Iran.",,0001-706X,2021,10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105952,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, IranDoc, and Magiran","Standard dipping, CDC light trap, hand catch, total catch, day and night catch from cow's body, pit shelter collection",4639,,adults and larvae,West Azerbaijan,Sub-national,Multiple,"Ae. (Och.) caspius, An. hyrcanus, An. claviger, An. maculipennis s.l., An. superpictus s.l., Cx. hortensis, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens complex, Cx. theileri, and Culiseta longiareolata.","WorldClim (C, T), MODIS (LC), Gridded Population of the World v4 (POP)",Worldclim,"Bio 1, annual mean temperature ( °C); Bio 6, minimum temperature of coldest month ( °C); Bio 11, mean temperature of coldest quarter ( °C); Bio 12, annual precipitation (mm); Bio 14, precipitation of the driest month (mm); Bio 17, precipitation of the driest quarter (mm); Bio 18, precipitation of warmest quarter (mm), NDVI, Altitude",NDVI,Pearson Correlation r <0.8; Jacknife Test,no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Pablo Fernando Cuervo; Patricio Artigas; Santiago Mas-Coma; María Dolores Bargues,,West Nile virus in Spain: Forecasting the geographical distribution of risky areas with an ecological niche modelling approach,TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES,"West Nile virus (WNV), a well-known emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life cycle, represents a threat to both public and animal health. Transmitted by ornithophilic mosquitoes, its transmission is difficult to predict and even more difficult to prevent. The massive and unprecedented number of human cases and equid outbreaks in Spain during 2020 interpellates for new approaches. For the first time, we present an integrate analysis from a niche perspective to provide an insight to the situation of West Nile disease (WND) in Spain. Our modelling approach benefits from the combined use of global occurrence records of outbreaks of WND in equids and of its two alleged main vectors in Spain, Culex pipiens and Cx. perexiguus. Maps of the climatic suitability for the presence of the two vectors species and for the circulation of WNV are provided. The main outcome of our study is a map delineating the areas under certain climatic risk of transmission. Our analyses indicate that the climatic risk of transmission of WND is medium in areas nearby the south Atlantic coastal area of the Cadiz Gulf and the Mediterranean coast, and high in southwestern Spain. The higher risk of transmission in the basins of the rivers Guadiana and Guadalquivir cannot be attributed exclusively to the local abundance of Cx. pipiens, but could be ascribed to the presence and abundance of Cx. perexiguus. Furthermore, this integrated analysis suggests that the WNV presents an ecological niche of its own, not fully overlapping the ones of its hosts or vector, and thus requiring particular environmental conditions to succeed in its infection cycle.","Pablo Fernando Cuervo/0000-0001-6699-7382
 ,Patricio Artigas/0000-0002-2815-1324
 ,Santiago Mas-Coma/0000-0002-1685-7004
 ,María Dolores Bargues/0000-0003-2347-7269",1865-1674,2021,10.1111/tbed.14398,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"Barcode of Life Data System , GenBank, e World Animal Health Information System (OIE-WAHIS), ‘Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación del Gobierno de España Database",na,,,not specified,Spain,National,Culex,Cx. pipiens and Cx. perexiguus,CHELSA (C),CHELSA,Bio 1-19,"Bio 1, Bio 2, Bio 3, Bio 4, Bio 5, Bio 6, Bio 7, Bio 11, Bio 12, Bio 13, Bio 14,Bio 15, Bio 16, Bio 17",Correlation (r<0.75),no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Abdelkrim Outammassine; Said Zouhair; Souad Loqman ,,Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus vectors in Morocco: Current situation and future anticipated scenarios,TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES,"Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and West Nile virus (WNV) are two important emerging Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, typically Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in temperate regions. In Morocco, several outbreaks of WNV (1996, 2003 and 2010), affecting horses mostly, have been reported in north-western regions resulting in the death of 55 horses and one person cumulatively. Serological evidence of WNV local circulation, performed one year after the latest outbreak, revealed WNV neutralizing bodies in 59 out of 499 tested participants (El Rhaffouli et al., 2012). The country also shares common borders with northern Mauritania, where RVF is often documented. Human movement, livestock trade, climate changes and the availability of susceptible mosquito vectors are expected to increase the spread of these diseases in the country. Thus, in this study, we gathered a data set summarizing occurrences of Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in the country, and generated model prediction for their potential distribution under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, as a proxy to identify regions at-risk of RVF and WNV probable expansion. We found that the north-western regions (where the population is most concentrated), specifically along the Atlantic coastline, are highly suitable for Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens, under present-day conditions. Future model scenarios anticipated possible range changes for the three mosquitoes under all climatic assumptions. All of the studied species are prospected to gain new areas that are currently not suitable, even under the most optimist scenario, thus placing additional human populations at risk. Our maps and predictions offer an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes. Public health officials, entomological surveillance and control delegation must augment efforts and continuously monitor these areas to reduce and minimize human infection risk.",Souad Loqman/0000-0003-0671-9107,1865-1674,2021,10.1111/tbed.14113,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Morocco Database,na,,,not specified,Morocco,National,Multiple,"Aedes caspius, Ae. detritus and Culex pipiens",WorldClim (C),,"Annual Mean Temperature,Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)),Isothermality,Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100), Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Min Temperature of Coldest Month, Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6),Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter,Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Annual Precipitation, Precipitation of Wettest Month, Precipitation of Driest Month, Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation), Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter, Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter","Annual Mean Temperature,Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)),Isothermality,Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100), Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Min Temperature of Coldest Month, Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6),Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Annual Precipitation, Precipitation of Wettest Month, Precipitation of Driest Month, Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation), Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter",Principal Component Analysis,yes,
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Isaac Omotayo Olabimi; Kayode David Ileke; Babasola Williams Adu; Temitope Emmanuel Arotolu ,,Potential distribution of the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles [Diptera: Culicidae] in Southwest Nigeria under current and future climatic conditions,JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED ZOOLOGY,"Background-Mosquitoes are key vectors for the transmission of several diseases. Anopheles gambiae is known to transmit pathogens of malaria and filariasis. Due to several anthropogenic factors such as climate change and population growth leading to diverse land use, their distribution and disease spreading pattern may change. This study estimated the potential distribution and climatic suitability of An. gambiae under the present-day and future conditions across Southwest Nigeria using Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM). The future scenarios assessed were based on two general circulation models (GCMs), namely community climate system model 4 (CCSM4) and geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory-climate model 3 (GFDL-CM3), in two representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5). Methodology-The occurrence data were obtained from literatures that have reported the presence of An. gambiae mosquito species in locations within the study area. Ecological niche modelling data were processed and analysed using maximum entropy algorithm implemented in MaxEnt. Result-Fifty-five (55) unique occurrences of An. gambiae were used in the model calibration after data cleaning. Data analysis for the present-day habitat suitability shows that more than two-thirds (81.71%) of the study area was observed to be suitable for An. gambiae population. However, the two future GCMs showed contrasting results. The CCSM4 models indicated a slight increase in both RCPs with 2.5 and 8.5 having 81.77 and 82.34% suitability, respectively. The reverse was the case for the GFDL-CM3 models as RCPs 2.5 and 8.5 had 78.86 and 76.86%. Conclusion-This study revealed that the study area is climatically suitable for An. gambiae and will continue to be so in the future irrespective of the contrasting results from the GCMs used. Since vector population is often linked with their disease transmission capacity, proper measures must be put in place to mitigate disease incidences associated with the activities of An. gambiae.",,2090-990X,2021,10.1186/s41936-021-00261-8,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,,,not specified,Southwest Nigeria,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles gambiae Giles [Diptera: Culicidae],WorldClim (C),Worldclim,Bio 1-19,"Bio1 (Annual mean temperature), Bio2 (Mean diurnal range), Bio3 (Isothermality), Bio5 (Maximum Temperature of Warmest Month), Bio6 (Minimum temperature of coldest month), Bio7 (Temperature annual range), Bio12 (Annual precipitation), Bio13 (Precipitation of wettest month), Bio14 (Precipitation of driest month), Bio15 (Precipitation seasonality).",Correlation (r<0.8),yes,
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Mattia Calzolari, Rosanna Desiato, Alessandro Albieri, Veronica Bellavia, Michela Bertola, Paolo Bonilauri, Emanuele Callegari, Sabrina Canziani, Davide Lelli, Andrea Mosca, Paolo Mulatti; Simone Peletto; Silvia Ravagnan; Paolo Roberto; Deborah Torri; Marco Pombi; Marco Di Luca; Fabrizio Montarsi ",,Mosquitoes of the Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy,SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,"The correct identification of mosquito vectors is often hampered by the presence of morphologically indiscernible sibling species. The Maculipennis complex is one of these groups that include both malaria vectors of primary importance and species of low/negligible epidemiological relevance, of which distribution data in Italy are outdated. Our study was aimed at providing an updated distribution of Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy through the sampling and morphological/molecular identification of specimens from five regions. The most abundant species was Anopheles messeae (2032), followed by Anopheles maculipennis s.s. (418), Anopheles atroparvus (28) and Anopheles melanoon (13). Taking advantage of ITS2 barcoding, we were able to finely characterize tested mosquitoes, classifying all the Anopheles messeae specimens as Anopheles daciae, a taxon with debated rank to which we referred as species inquirenda (sp. inq.). The distribution of species was characterized by Ecological Niche Models (ENMs), fed by recorded points of presence. ENMs provided clues on the ecological preferences of the detected species, with An. daciae sp. inq. linked to stable breeding sites and An. maculipennis s.s. more associated to ephemeral breeding sites. We demonstrate that historical Anopheles malaria vectors are still present in Northern Italy.",,2045-2322,2021,10.1038/s41598-021-85442-9,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"adult sampling with CDC-like dry ice baited traps, CDC light traps, larval dipping","CDC-like dry ice baited traps, CDC light traps, larval dipping",,,adults and larvae,"Po Valley, Italy",Sub-national,Anopheles,An. atroparvus An. maculipennis s.s. An. melanoon An. daciae sp. inq.,"palebluedata (C, LC), WorldClim (C), NOAA DEM (T), Corine (LC), EU-Hydro (LC), USDA ISRIC Soil Suborders, Geoportale Nazionale (drainage basins)",Multiple Sources,"Middle Infra-red (MIR), Day-time land surface t (DLST),Night-time land surface t (NLST), Enhanced vegetation index (EVI),Norm. dif. veg. index (NDVI), Monthly and total precipitation, Monthly t (min, max and mean), Bioclimatic variables, Altitude and slope (Globe DEM), Corine land cover, Tree cover density, Water bodies?<?1 km2, Soil suborders (USDA), Drainage basins","Middle Infra-red (MIR), Day-time land surface t (DLST),Night-time land surface t (NLST), Enhanced vegetation index (EVI),Norm. dif. veg. index (NDVI), Monthly and total precipitation, Monthly t (min, max and mean), Bioclimatic variables, Altitude and slope (Globe DEM), Corine land cover, Tree cover density, Water bodies?<?1 km2, Soil suborders (USDA), Drainage basins",Correlation (r<0.7),no,
ANOPHELES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,Roberta Marques; Rodrigo F Krüger; Samuel K Cunha; Alice S Silveira; Davi M C C Alves; Gratchela D Rodrigues; A Townsend Peterson; Daniel Jiménez-García,,Climate change impacts on Anopheles (K.) cruzii in urban areas of Atlantic Forest of Brazil: Challenges for malaria diseases,ACTA TROPICA,"Around 27% of South Americans live in central and southern Brazil. Of 19,400 human malaria cases in Brazil in 2018, some were from the southern and southeastern states. High abundance of malaria vectors is generally positively associated with malaria incidence. Expanding geographic distributions of Anopheles vector mosquito species (e.g. A. cruzii) in the face of climate change processes would increase risk of such malaria transmission; such risk is of particular concern in regions that hold human population concentrations near present limits of vector species’ geographic distributions. We modeled effects of likely climate changes on the distribution of A. cruzii, evaluating two scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions for 2050, as simulated in 21 general circulation models and two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2050. We tested 1305 candidate models, and chose among them based on statistical significance, predictive performance, and complexity. The models closely approximated the known geographic distribution of the species under current conditions. Under scenarios of future climate change, we noted increases in suitable area for the mosquito vector species in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, including areas close to 30 densely populated cities. Under RCP 8.5, our models anticipate areal increases of >75% for this important malaria vector in the vicinity of 20 large Brazilian cities. We developed models that anticipate increased suitability for the mosquito species; around 50% of Brazilians reside in these areas, and ?89% of foreign tourists visit coastal areas in this region. Under climate change thereefore, the risk and vulnerability of human populations to malaria transmission appears bound to increase.",,0001-706X,2021,10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106123,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,GBIF,na,,,not specified,Southeast Brazil,Sub-national,Anopheles,Anopheles cruzii,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,Bio 1-19,"annual mean temperature (bio1), isothermality (bio3), annual precipitation (bio12), and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16)",Correlation (r<0.7),yes,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Yi Moua; Serge Olivier Kotchi; Antoinette Ludwig; Stéphanie Brazeau,,"Mapping the Habitat Suitability of West Nile Virus Vectors in Southern Quebec and Eastern Ontario, Canada, with Species Distribution Modeling and Satellite Earth Observation Data",REMOTE SENSING,"Transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) relies on the presence of their vectors. Good knowledge of their habitat distribution could inform of their presence and then the potential transmission risk. In Canada, West Nile virus (WNV), a VBD transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex genus to birds, humans, and other mammals, was first reported in 2002. Since then, human cases have been reported every year. To reduce the health burden of the disease and to guide the vector control efforts, this work aims to provide a map of habitat suitability of the main vectors of WNV, Culex pipiens-restuans, in southern Quebec and eastern Ontario at 30 m spatial resolution. Landsat 8-OTI/TIRS images were combined with existing geographical data to characterize vegetated and paved areas in urban and peri-urban areas and to create a land use land cover map related to environmental determinants of Culex pipiens-restuans. Landscape metrics were calculated to characterize the neighborhood environment. They were used with 1008 presence sites of the vectors to build species distribution models with Maxent, a model based on the maximum entropy principle, and to predict habitat suitability for Culex pipiens-restuans in the study area. The performance of the models was very good, with a mean area under the curve of 0.92 and a continuous Boyce index of 0.97. A habitat suitability map of the whole study area was created for Culex pipiens-restuans. The resulting map and environment analysis highlight the importance of the edge of vegetation and mixed or paved areas for the bio-ecology of Culex pipiens-restuans.",Serge Olivier Kotchi/0000-0002-4931-1489,2072-4292,2021,10.3390/rs13091637,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Public Health Ontario (PHO),"CDC light traps, Omni-Directional Fay-Prince Traps, BG sentinel traps",,,adults,Southern Quebec and eastern Ontario,Sub-national,Culex,Cx. pipiens-restuans,"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Annual Crop Inventory/Soils of Canada (LC), National Hydro Network (LC), DEM (T), Unlimited Ducks Canada Canadian Wetlands Inventory (LC), Landsat-8 (LC)",Not included,"Drainage, Slope, NDWI, NDBI, NDVI, Class diversity, hydrological features, distnce to nearest hydrological feature, percentage of angriculture in 2X2 km, Distance to nearest agriculture, Percentage of wetlands in 2X2 km, Distance to the nearest wetlands, Percentage of shrubland in 2X2km, Distance to the nearest shrubland, Percentage of herbaceous in 2X2km, Distance to nearest Herbaceous, Percentage of bare soil, percentage of paved area in 2X2km, Distance to the nearest paved area, Percentage of mixed area in 2X2km, Distance to the nearest mixed area, Percentage of forest in 2X2km, Distance to the nearest forest, Landuse landcover","percentage of mixed area in 2 × 2 km, Percentage of paved area in 2 × 2 km, distance to the nearest mixed area, percentage of herbaceous area in 2 × 2 km, LULC: Land use land cover, Distance to the nearest forest, distance to the nearest shrubland, drainage, Altitude, Percentage of forest in 2 × 2 km, Percentage of agriculture in 2 × 2 km, distance to the nearest wetlands.",Correlation (r<0.7),no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Irene Arnoldi; Agata Negri; Laura Soresinetti; Mattia Brambilla; Davide Carraretto; Fabrizio Montarsi; Paolo Roberto; Andrea Mosca; Diego Rubolini; Claudio Bandi; Sara Epis; Paolo Gabrieli,,Assessing the distribution of invasive Asian mosquitoes in Northern Italy and modelling the potential spread of Aedes koreicus in Europe.,ACTA TROPICA,"In the last decade, Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus japonicus mosquitoes, which are competent vectors for various arboviruses of public health relevance, colonised Italy and other European countries. Nevertheless, information about their current and potential distribution is partial. Accordingly, in this study four regions of Northern Italy (Lombardy, Liguria, Piedmont and Aosta Valley) were surveyed during 2021 for the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae of these two invasive species. We found evidence for a widespread presence of Ae. koreicus in pre-Alpine territories of Lombardy and Piedmont. Larvae from the invasive subspecies of Ae. j. japonicus were also collected in the same geographic areas, though they were less frequent. Occurrence data from this study and results from previous monitoring campaigns were used to generate a Maxent model for the prediction of habitat suitability for Ae. koreicus mosquitoes in Northern Italy and the rest of Europe. Peri-urban areas located in proximity to forests, pastures and vineyards were revealed as highly suitable environments for colonisation by this invasive species. Maps of the potential distribution also suggest the presence of further suitable areas in currently uncolonized countries. We conclude that this invasive mosquito species has the potential for a broad expansion at the European level in the coming decades.",,0001-706X,2022,10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106536,yes,yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Survey,"spoons, aspirators",,,"eggs, pupae, larvae, and adults",North Italy,Sub-national,Aedes,Aedes koreicus,"CHELSA (C), Corine (LC), EEA DEM (T)",CHELSA,"annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, temperature annual range, average global solar radiation, inland water, urban areas, non-irrigated arable land, permanently irrigated land, ricefields, vineyards, pastures, agro-forestry areas, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, mixed forest, natural grassland, moors and heathland, sclerophyllous vegetation, transitional woodland-shrub","For Ae. koreicus: urban areas, broadleaved forest, annual mean temperature, precipitation seasonality, coniferous forest, arable land, natural grassland, vineyards, pastures",Correlation (r<0.7),no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Souris, M; Marcombe, S; Laforet, J; Brey, PT; Corbel, V; Overgaard, HJ","Souris, Marc; Marcombe, Sebastien; Laforet, Julie; Brey, Paul T.; Corbel, Vincent; Overgaard, Hans J.",Modeling spatial variation in risk of presence and insecticide resistance for malaria vectors in Laos,PLOS ONE,"Climatic, sociological and environmental conditions are known to affect the spatial distribution of malaria vectors and disease transmission. Intensive use of insecticides in the agricultural and public health sectors exerts a strong selective pressure on resistance genes in malaria vectors. Spatio-temporal models of favorable conditions for Anopheles species' presence were developed to estimate the probability of presence of malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in Lao PDR. These models were based on environmental and meteorological conditions, and demographic factors. GIS software was used to build and manage a spatial database with data collected from various geographic information providers. GIS was also used to build and run the models. Results showed that potential insecticide use and therefore the probability of resistance to insecticide is greater in the southwestern part of the country, specifically in Champasack province and where malaria incidence is already known to be high. These findings can help national authorities to implement targeted and effective vector control strategies for malaria prevention and elimination among populations most at risk. Results can also be used to focus the insecticide resistance surveillance in Anopheles mosquito populations in more restricted area, reducing the area of surveys, and making the implementation of surveillance system for Anopheles mosquito insecticide resistance possible.",,1932-6203,2017,10.1371/journal.pone.0177274,yes,yes,yes,Mechanistic,mechanistic model (spatially weighted linear piecewise functions),,,na,,,na,Laos,National,Anopheles,"An. maculatus, An. dirus, and An. minimus","Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), literature (C, LC)","critical minimum temperature of 15°C and a critical maximum temperature of 36°C, with optimum temperatures between 22–33°C","Mean temperature, rainfall, altitude, percentage of surface for each land use type",not discussed,,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Wieser, A; Reuss, F; Niamir, A; Muller, R; O'Hara, RB; Pfenninger, M","Wieser, Andreas; Reuss, Friederike; Niamir, Aidin; Mueller, Ruth; O'Hara, Robert B.; Pfenninger, Markus","Modelling seasonal dynamics, population stability, and pest control in Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae)",PARASITES & VECTORS,"BackgroundThe invasive temperate mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is a potential vector for various infectious diseases and therefore a target of vector control measures. Even though established in Germany, it is unclear whether the species has already reached its full distribution potential. The possible range of the species, its annual population dynamics, the success of vector control measures and future expansions due to climate change still remain poorly understood. While numerous studies on occurrence have been conducted, they used mainly presence data from relatively few locations. In contrast, we used experimental life history data to model the dynamics of a continuous stage-structured population to infer potential seasonal densities and ask whether stable populations are likely to establish over a period of more than oneyear. In addition, we used climate change models to infer future ranges. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of various stage-specific vector control measures.ResultsAedes j. japonicus has already established stable populations in the southwest and west of Germany. Our models predict a spread of Ae. j. japonicus beyond the currently observed range, but likely not much further eastwards under current climatic conditions. Climate change models, however, will expand this range substantially and higher annual densities can be expected. Applying vector control measures to oviposition, survival of eggs, larvae or adults showed that application of adulticides for 30days between late spring and early autumn, while ambient temperatures are above 9 degrees C, can reduce population density by 75%. Continuous application of larvicide showed similar results in population reduction. Most importantly, we showed that with the consequent application of a mixed strategy, it should be possible to significantly reduce or even extinguish existing populations with reasonable effort.ConclusionOur study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms concerning the establishment of stable populations in invasive species. In order to minimise the hazard to public health, we recommend vector control measures to be applied in high risk areas' which are predicted to allow establishment of stable populations to establish.","O'Hara, Bob/0000-0001-9737-3724; Niamir, Aidin/0000-0003-4511-3407; Wieser, Andreas/0000-0003-0548-9426",1756-3305,2019,10.1186/s13071-019-3366-2,Yes,yes,yes,Mechanistic,mechanistic model,,Parameters from literature and experiments,na,,,na,Germany,National,Aedes,Ae. japonicus,CHELSA (C),"temperature dependent development, mortality, reproduction rates",Mosquito control and climate change explored in some simulations,not discussed,,yes,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Pasquali, S; Mariani, L; Calvitti, M; Moretti, R; Ponti, L; Chiari, M; Sperandio, G; Gilioli, G","Pasquali, S.; Mariani, L.; Calvitti, M.; Moretti, R.; Ponti, L.; Chiari, M.; Sperandio, G.; Gilioli, G.",Development and calibration of a model for the potential establishment and impact of Aedes albopictus in Europe,ACTA TROPICA,"The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is one of the most invasive disease vectors worldwide. The species is a competent vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika viruses and other severe parasites and pathogens threatening human health. The capacity of this mosquito to colonize and establish in new areas (including temperate regions) is enhanced by its ability of producing diapausing eggs that survive relatively cold winters. The main drivers of population dynamics for this mosquito are water and air temperature and photoperiod. In this paper, we present a mechanistic model that predicts the potential distribution, abundance and activity of Asian tiger mosquito in Europe. The model includes a comprehensive description of: i) the individual life-history strategies, including diapause, ii) the influence of weather-driven individual physiological responses on population dynamics and iii) the density-dependent regulation of larval mortality rate. The model is calibrated using field data from several locations along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps, which enabled accurate prediction of cold temperature effects on population abundance, including identification of conditions that prevent overwintering of the species. Model predictions are consistent with the most updated information on species' presence and absence. Predicted population abundance shows a clear south-north decreasing gradient. A similar yet less evident pattern in the activity of the species is also predicted. The model represents a valuable tool for the development of strategies aimed at the management of Ae. albopictus and for the implementation of effective control measures against vector-borne diseases in Europe.","Ponti, Luigi/0000-0003-4972-8265",0001-706X,2020,10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105228,Yes,yes,yes,Mechanistic,mechanistic model,Occurrence,,na,,,eggs,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,weather station data (C),,,na,,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Foley, DH; Rueda, LM; Peterson, AT; Wilkerson, RC","Foley, Desmond H.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Wilkerson, Richard C.",Potential distribution of two species in the medically important Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera : Culicidae),JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Anopheles minimus Theobald (=An. minimus A) and possibly Anopheles harrisoni Harbach & Manguin (=An. minimus C) are important malaria vector species in the Minimus Complex in Southeast Asia. The distributions of these species are poorly known, although detailed information could benefit malaria vector incrimination and control. We used published collection records of these species and environmental geospatial data to construct consensus ecological niche models (ENM) of each species' potential geographic distribution. The status of the Indian taxon An. fluviatilis S as a species distinct from An. harrisoni has been debated in the literature, so we tested for differentiation in ecological niche characteristics. The predicted potential distribution of An. minimus is more southerly than that of An. harrisoni: Southeast Asia is predicted to be more suitable for An. minimus, and China and India are predicted more suitable for An. harrisoni, so An. harrisoni seems to dominate under cooler conditions. The distribution of An. minimus is more continuous than that of An. harrisoni: disjunction in the potential distribution of the latter is suggested between India and Southeast Asia. Anopheles fluviatilis S occurrences are predicted within the An. harrisoni ecological potential, so we do not document ecological differentiation that might reject conspecificity. Overall, model predictions offer a synthetic view of the distribution of this species complex across the landscapes of southern and eastern Asia.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601",0022-2585,2008,10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[852:PDOTSI]2.0.CO;2,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GARP, Maxent",Occurrence,literature,na,"74 an minimus, 42 an harrisoni;",,not specified,SE Asia,Regional,Anopheles,"An. Minimus, An harrisoni","WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T), AVHRR (LC), Global Land Cover Facility (LC), USDA National Soils Conservation Service, FAO Aquastat",Worldclim,"all bioclim, max/mean/min tempearature, precipitation, compound topographic index, slope, aspect, flow direction, flow accumulation, NDVI,",not discussed,principal components analysis,no,also calculated consensus of maxent and garp
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Foley, DH; Klein, TA; Kim, HC; Sames, WJ; Wilkerson, RC; Rueda, LM","Foley, Desmond H.; Klein, Terry A.; Kim, Heung Chul; Sames, William J.; Wilkerson, Richard C.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.",Geographic Distribution and Ecology of Potential Malaria Vectors in the Republic of Korea,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Environmental geospatial data and adult and larval mosquito collection data for up to 106 sites throughout the Republic of Korea (ROK) were used to develop ecological niche models (ENMs) of the potential geographic distribution for eight anopheline species known to occur there. The areas predicted suitable for the Hyrcanus Group species were the most extensive for Anopheles Sinensis Wiedemann, An. kleini Rueda, An. belenrae Rueda, and An. pullus Yamada, intermediate for An. sineroides Yamada, and the most restricted for An. lesteri Baisas and Hu and the non-Hyrcanus Group species An. koreicus Yamada and Watanabe and An. lindesayi Yamada. The relative vectorial importance of these species is unknown, and all, except Art. koreicus and Art. lindesayi, are predicted to occur widely in the northwest of the ROK where malaria transmission has been sporadic since its resurgence in 1993. Our ENMs Suggest that it is unlikely that An. koreicus and An. lindesayi are vectors, but we do not document consistent geographic differentiation that might incriminate any of the other species as vectors. Because all species are predicted to occur in North Korea, we also cannot reject the hypothesis that malaria infected mosquitoes from North Korea may have been the cause of the resurgence of malaria in the ROK. Ecological differentiation of the eight species is inferred front collection locations and 34 environmental layers based on remote sensing and global climatic averages. Interspecific differences were noted, and characterizing mosquito habitats by ground-based and remote sensing methods is proposed.","Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601",0022-2585,2009,10.1603/033.046.0336,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GARP, Maxent",Occurrence,adult and larval sampling,"dipping, siphoning, aspiration, CDC light traps, mosquito magnets","106 total; 80 an sinensis, 33 an pullus, 32 an kleini, 36 an belenrae, 20 an sineroides, 9 an koreicus, 12 an lesteris, 9 an lindesayo",,adults and larvae,Korea,National,Anopheles,"Anopheles sinensis, pullus, kleini, belenrae, seneroides, koreicus, lesteri, lindesayi","WorldClim (C), USGS Hydro (T), AVHRR (LC), GLobal Land Cover Facility (LC), USDA National Soils Conservation Service",bioclim,"all bioclim, elevation, topographic index, slope, aspect, flow direction, flow accumulation, NDVI, soil orders","An. sinensis, higher NDVI in most months and not as cold in the coldest part of the year; An. belenrae, high flow accumulation (i.e., greater upstream drainage) and predominantly cropland; An. kleini, southwesterly aspect; An. pullus, coldest in the coldest part of the year, high topoindex (wetness), high flow accumulation (i.e., greater upstream drainage), low slope, and bimodal aspect; An. sineroides, low temperature seasonality and range (not as cold in the coldest part of the year and not as warm in the warmest part of the year), low precipitation seasonality (not as wet in the wettest part of the year and not as dry in the driest part of the year), low topoindex (wetness), high slope, low flow accumulation (i.e., less upstream drainage), high elevation, high tree cover, and predominantly Orthents soil type; An. lesteri, high precipitation and temperature seasonality (drier and wetter, and warmer), low mean diurnal temperature range, low isothermality, low NDVI for all months, low slope, southwesterly aspect, low tree cover (typically cropland), and low elevation.",principal components analysis,no,also calculated consensus of maxent and garp
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Capinha, C; Gomes, E; Reis, E; Rocha, J; Sousa, CA; do Rosario, VE; Almeida, AP","Capinha, Cesar; Gomes, Eduardo; Reis, Eusebio; Rocha, Jorge; Sousa, Carla A.; do Rosario, V. E.; Almeida, A. Paulo","Present habitat suitability for Anopheles atroparvus (Diptera, Culicidae) and its coincidence with former malaria areas in mainland Portugal",GEOSPATIAL HEALTH,"Malaria was a major health problem ill the first half of the 20th Century ill mainland Portugal. Nowadays, although the disease is no longer endemic, there is still the risk Of future endemic infections due to the continuous occurrence of imported cases and the possibility Of transmission in the country by Anopheles atroparvus Van Thiel, 1927. Since vector abundance constitute one of the foremost factors ill malaria transmission, we have Created Several habitat suitability models to describe this vector Species' current distribution. Three different correlative models; namely (i) a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN); (ii) binary logistic regression (BLR); and (iii) Mahalanobis distance were used to combine the species records with a set of five environmental predictors. Kappa coefficient values from k-fold cross-validation records showed that binary logistic regression produced the best predictions, while the other two models also produced acceptable results. Therefore, in order to reduce uncertainty, the three suitability models were combined. The resulting model identified high suitability for An. atroparvus ill the majority of the country with exception Of the northern and central coastal areas. Malaria distribution during the last endemic period in the country was also compared with the combined suitability model, and a high degree of spatial agreement was obtained (kappa = 0.62). It was concluded chat habitat suitability for malaria vectors can constitute valuable information on the assessment of several spatial attributes of the disease. In addition, the results Suggest that the spatial distribution Of An. atroparvus ill the country remains very similar to the one known about seven decades ago.","Capinha, Cesar/0000-0002-0666-9755; Rocha, Jorge/0000-0002-7228-6330; Reis, Eusebio J. Marques dos/0000-0001-8367-1835; Gomes, Eduardo/0000-0001-8703-1763; de almeida, antonio paulo gouveia/0000-0003-0751-4488; Sousa, Carla/0000-0002-2386-7577",1827-1987,2009,10.4081/gh.2009.219,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Mahalnobis distance, binary logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron with back propagation artificial neural network",Occurrence,adult sampling,electrical aspirators,76,,adults,Portugal,National,Anopheles,Anopheles atroparvus,"WorldClim (C), Corine Land Cover 2000 (LC)","mean maximum temperature of the warmest trimester, mean minimum temperature of the coldest trimester","mean maximum temperature of the warmest trimester, mean minimum temperature of the coldest trimester, mean total precipitation, wetlands density and suitability index, agricultural density and suitability index",not discussed,no discussion of collinearity,no,"compared across model methods, also multi-model combinations"
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Larson, SR; DeGroote, JP; Bartholomay, LC; Sugumaran, R","Larson, Scott R.; DeGroote, John P.; Bartholomay, Lyric C.; Sugumaran, Ramanathan",Ecological niche modeling of potential West Nile virus vector mosquito species in Iowa,JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE,"Ecological niche modeling (ENM) algorithms, Maximum Entropy Species Distribution Modeling (Maxent) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP), were used to develop models in Iowa for three species of mosquito - two significant, extant West Nile virus (WNV) vectors (Culex pipiens L and Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae)), and the nuisance mosquito, Aedes vexans Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae), a potential WNV bridge vector. Occurrence data for the three mosquito species from a state-wide arbovirus surveillance program were used in combination with climatic and landscape layers. Maxent successfully created more appropriate niche models with greater accuracy than GARP. The three Maxent species' models were combined and the average values were statistically compared to human WNV incidence at the census block group level. The results showed that the Maxent-modeled species' niches averaged together were a useful indicator of WNV human incidence in the state of Iowa. This simple method for creating probability distribution maps proved useful for understanding WNV dynamics and could be applied to the study of other vector-borne diseases.",,,2010,10.1673/031.010.11001,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,Maxent and GARP,Occurrence,adult sampling,New Jersey Light Traps,45 Cx tarsalis; 46 Cx pipiens; 46 Ae. vexans,,adults,United States,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, and Aedes vexans","USGS DEM (T), Iowa Environmental Mesonet (C), Iowa DNR (LC), NRCS STATSGO (soils/water)","30 year average temperature Iowa Environmental Mesonet, number of days without freezing temps Iowa DNR","slope, aspect, compound topographic index, 30-year average temp,",Culex tarsalis by irrigated cropland and rivers; Cx pipiens urban habitat; Ae. vexans distance to rivers,no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Khatchikian, C; Sangermano, F; Kendell, D; Livdahl, T","Khatchikian, C.; Sangermano, F.; Kendell, D.; Livdahl, T.",Evaluation of species distribution model algorithms for fine-scale container-breeding mosquito risk prediction,MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY,"The present work evaluates the use of species distribution model (SDM) algorithms to classify high densities of small container-breeding Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on a fine scale in the Bermuda Islands. Weekly ovitrap data collected by the Department of Health, Bermuda for the years 2006 and 2007 were used for the models. The models evaluated included the algorithms Bioclim, Domain, GARP (genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction), logistic regression and MaxEnt (maximum entropy). Models were evaluated according to performance and robustness. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate each model's performance, and robustness was assessed according to the spatial correlation between classification risks for the two datasets. Relative to the other algorithms, logistic regression was the best and MaxEnt the second best model for classifying high-risk areas. We describe the importance of covariables for these two models and discuss the utility of SDMs in vector control efforts and the potential for the development of scripts that automate the task of creating risk assessment maps.","Sangermano, Florencia/0000-0003-4437-4293",0269-283X,2011,10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00935.x,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Bioclim, Domain, GARP (genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction), logistic regression and MaxEnt (maximum entropy)",Occurrence,ovitraps,ovitraps,292,"75% training, 25% testing",not specified,Bermuda,National,Aedes,"Ae. albopictus, Aedes aegypti",Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T),no temperature,"Distance to buildings, distance to roads, human population density, elevation, slope, distance to shore, aspect","elevation, distance to shore, distance to buildings",did not discuss collinearity,no,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Arboleda, S; Jaramillo, N; Peterson, AT","Arboleda, Sair; Jaramillo-O, Nicolas; Peterson, A. Townsend","Spatial and temporal dynamics of Aedes aegypti larval sites in Bello, Colombia",JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"Counts of immature stages of the mosquito Aedes aegypti have been used to calculate several entomological indices of dengue vector abundance. Some studies have concluded that these indices can be used as indicators of dengue epidemic risk, while other studies have failed to find a predictive relationship. Ecological niche models have been able to predict distributional patterns in space and time, not only of vectors, but also of the diseases that they transmit. In this study, we used Landsat 7 ETM+ images and two niche-modeling algorithms to estimate the local-landscape ecological niche and the dynamics of Ae. aegypti larval habitats in Bello, Colombia, and to evaluate their potential spatial and temporal distribution. Our models showed low omission error with high confidence levels: about 13.4% of the area presents conditions consistently suitable for breeding across the entire study period (20022008). The proportion of neighborhoods predicted to be suitable showed a positive association with dengue case rates, whereas the vector-focused Bretau index had no relationship to case rates. As a consequence, niche models appear to offer a superior option for predictive evaluation of dengue transmission risk and anticipating the potential for outbreaks.","Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Jaramillo-O, Nicolas/0000-0001-8885-6732",,2012,10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00198.x,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Maxent, GARP",Occurrence,larval sampling,not specified,2075,,larvae,Colombia,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,"Landsat 7 (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",no,"Landsat bands 1-7, vegetation index, elevation, aspect, slope","bands 1, 2, 4, and 6 useful predictors",no discussion of collinearity,no,Also combined Maxet and Garp
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Senay, SD; Worner, SP; Ikeda, T","Senay, Senait D.; Worner, Susan P.; Ikeda, Takayoshi",Novel Three-Step Pseudo-Absence Selection Technique for Improved Species Distribution Modelling,PLOS ONE,"Pseudo-absence selection for spatial distribution models (SDMs) is the subject of ongoing investigation. Numerous techniques continue to be developed, and reports of their effectiveness vary. Because the quality of presence and absence data is key for acceptable accuracy of correlative SDM predictions, determining an appropriate method to characterise pseudo-absences for SDM's is vital. The main methods that are currently used to generate pseudo-absence points are: 1) randomly generated pseudo-absence locations from background data; 2) pseudo-absence locations generated within a delimited geographical distance from recorded presence points; and 3) pseudo-absence locations selected in areas that are environmentally dissimilar from presence points. There is a need for a method that considers both geographical extent and environmental requirements to produce pseudo-absence points that are spatially and ecologically balanced. We use a novel three-step approach that satisfies both spatial and ecological reasons why the target species is likely to find a particular geo-location unsuitable. Step 1 comprises establishing a geographical extent around species presence points from which pseudo-absence points are selected based on analyses of environmental variable importance at different distances. This step gives an ecologically meaningful explanation to the spatial range of background data, as opposed to using an arbitrary radius. Step 2 determines locations that are environmentally dissimilar to the presence points within the distance specified in step one. Step 3 performs K-means clustering to reduce the number of potential pseudo-absences to the desired set by taking the centroids of clusters in the most environmentally dissimilar class identified in step 2. By considering spatial, ecological and environmental aspects, the three-step method identifies appropriate pseudo-absence points for correlative SDMs. We illustrate this method by predicting the New Zealand potential distribution of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and the Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).","Worner, Susan/0000-0002-9004-6357; Senay, Senait/0000-0002-1390-0716",1932-6203,2013,10.1371/journal.pone.0071218,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"logistic regression, CART, conditional trees, k nearest neighbors, naïve bayes, support vector machines, artificial neural network",Occurrence,"literature review, Global Biodiversity Information Facility",na,3029,,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"WorldClim (C, T)",Bioclim,"bioclim, elevation",did not discuss variable contribution,,no,compared different pseudoabsence generation procedures
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Hill, MP; Axford, JK; Hoffmann, AA","Hill, Matthew P.; Axford, Jason K.; Hoffmann, Ary A.",Predicting the spread of Aedes albopictus in Australia under current and future climates: Multiple approaches and datasets to incorporate potential evolutionary divergence,AUSTRAL ECOLOGY,"When predicting the potential and future invasive range of a species, there is a growing appreciation that insights about factors limiting distributions can be provided by using multiple modelling approaches and by incorporating information from different parts of a species range. Here we apply this strategy to build on previous CLIMEX models to predict the invasion potential of Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, in mainland Australia. A combination of CLIMEX and MAXENT modelling indicated that the mosquito was expected to become widespread along the eastern seaboard and extend into northern Tasmania, but to remain restricted to the coastal fringe, a pattern which is not expected to shift much under climate change. However, a recent expansion of A.albopictus in North America points to evolutionary changes affecting the distribution of this species; when the North American range is included in models, A.albopictus is predicted to become much more widespread and extend inland and into Western Australia. These patterns highlight the potential impact of evolution on species distributions arising from multiple introductions or in situ evolution. By considering future climate scenarios, we demonstrate that there is likely to be a persistent public health threat associated with invasion by this species.","Hoffmann, Ary/0000-0001-9497-7645; Hill, Matthew/0000-0002-7762-5258",1442-9985,2014,10.1111/aec.12105,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,Maxent/Climex,Occurrence,"literature review, GBIF, MosquitoMap",na,"1641 points total; 263 for Asia; 1378 Americas, Europe, Africa",trained models with set of points from Asia (native range) and then set of points from North America (invasive range),not specified,Australia,National,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,CliMond (C),"means, seasonality, trends from CliMond","CliMond means, seasnality, and trends for temperature, precipiation, solar radiation, and soil moisture","temperature annual range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality for Asia model; mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of driest quarter for N. America; precipitation of driest week, annual mean moisture index for full model",correlation coefficient < 0.75,yes,"did future projections; consideration for evolution during expansion/establishment by models based on Asia points, N America points, then full points"
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Conley, AK; Fuller, DO; Haddad, N; Hassan, AN; Gad, AM; Beier, JC","Conley, Amy K.; Fuller, Douglas O.; Haddad, Nabil; Hassan, Ali N.; Gad, Adel M.; Beier, John C.",Modeling the distribution of the West Nile and Rift Valley Fever vector Culex pipiens in arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: The Middle East North Africa (MENA) region is under continuous threat of the re-emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley Fever virus (RVF), two pathogens transmitted by the vector species Culex pipiens. Predicting areas at high risk for disease transmission requires an accurate model of vector distribution, however, most Cx. pipiens distribution modeling has been confined to temperate, forested habitats. Modeling species distributions across a heterogeneous landscape structure requires a flexible modeling method to capture variation in mosquito response to predictors as well as occurrence data points taken from a sufficient range of habitat types. Methods: We used presence-only data from Egypt and Lebanon to model the population distribution of Cx. pipiens across a portion of the MENA that also encompasses Jordan, Syria, and Israel. Models were created with a set of environmental predictors including bioclimatic data, human population density, hydrological data, and vegetation indices, and built using maximum entropy (Maxent) and boosted regression tree (BRT) methods. Models were created with and without the inclusion of human population density. Results: Predictions of Maxent and BRT models were strongly correlated in habitats with high probability of occurrence (Pearson's r = 0.774, r = 0.734), and more moderately correlated when predicting into regions that exceeded the range of the training data (r = 0.666, r = 0.558). All models agreed in predicting high probability of occupancy around major urban areas, along the banks of the Nile, the valleys of Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan, and southwestern Saudi Arabia. The most powerful predictors of Cx. pipiens habitat were human population density (60.6% Maxent models, 34.9% BRT models) and the seasonality of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) (44.7% Maxent, 16.3% BRT). Maxent models tended to be dominated by a single predictor. Areas of high probability corresponded with sites of independent surveys or previous disease outbreaks. Conclusions: Cx. pipiens occurrence was positively associated with areas of high human population density and consistent vegetation cover, but was not significantly driven by temperature and rainfall, suggesting human-induced habitat change such as irrigation and urban infrastructure has a greater influence on vector distribution in this region than in temperate zones.","Hassan, Ali/0000-0002-0514-3743",1756-3305,2014,10.1186/1756-3305-7-289,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,Maxent and BRT,Occurrence,adult sampling and larval sampling,"CDC light traps, BG sentinel traps, dipping",322,sampled from Egypt and Lebanon,adults and larvae,Middle East North Africa,Regional,Culex,Cx. pipiens,"WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC), Landscan (POP), GLSDEM (T)",Bioclim,"All bioclim, maximum EVI, average annual EVI, standard deviation EVI, human population count, topographical wetness index","population density, EVI mean, Bio8 in BRT; pop dens, EVI SD in Maxent; when pop was removed, EVI SD, EVI Mean for BRT; EVI SD, EVI Max for Maxent",Parameter reduction,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Golding, N; Nunn, MA; Purse, BV","Golding, Nick; Nunn, Miles A.; Purse, Bethan V.",Identifying biotic interactions which drive the spatial distribution of a mosquito community,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Spatial variation in the risk of many mosquito-borne pathogens is strongly influenced by the distribution of communities of suitable vector mosquitoes. The spatial distributions of such communities have been linked to the abiotic habitat requirements of each constituent mosquito species, but the biotic interactions between mosquitoes and other species are less well understood. Determining which fauna restrict the presence and abundance of key mosquito species in vector communities may identify species which could be employed as natural biological control agents. Whilst biotic interactions have been studied in the laboratory, a lack of appropriate statistical methods has prohibited the identification of key interactions which influence mosquito distributions in the field. Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) have recently been developed to identify biotic interactions influencing the distributions of species from empirical data. Methods: We apply a JSDM to field data on the spatial distribution of mosquitoes in a UK wetland to identify both abiotic factors and biotic interactions driving the composition of the community. Results: As expected, mosquito larval distributions in this wetland habitat are strongly driven by environmental covariates including water depth, temperature and oxidation-reduction potential. By factoring out these environmental variables, we are able to identify species (ditch shrimp of the genus Palaemonetes and fish) as predators which appear to restrict mosquito distributions. Conclusions: JSDMs offer vector ecologists a way to identify potentially important biotic interactions influencing the distributions of disease vectors from widely available field data. This information is crucial to understand the likely effects of habitat management for vector control and to identify species with the potential for use in biological control programmes. We provide an R package BayesComm to enable the wider application of these models.","Purse, Bethan V/0000-0001-5140-2710; Golding, Nick/0000-0001-8916-5570",1756-3305,2015,10.1186/s13071-015-0915-1,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Joint SDM, Bayes multivariate probit regression",Occurrence,larval sampling,dipping,not specified,167 dip sites visited,larvae,United Kingdom,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex pipiens, Culex modestus, Culiseta annulata, Anopheles maculipennis","water depth, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential and salinity",water temperature,"water depth, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, presence/absence of nine vegetation types","water depth, surface vegetation cover important predictors",,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Laporta, GZ; Linton, YM; Wilkerson, RC; Bergo, ES; Nagaki, SS; Sant'Ana, DC; Sallum, MAM","Laporta, Gabriel Zorello; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Wilkerson, Richard C.; Bergo, Eduardo Sterlino; Nagaki, Sandra Sayuri; Sant'Ana, Denise Cristina; Mureb Sallum, Maria Anice",Malaria vectors in South America: current and future scenarios,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Malaria remains a significant public health issue in South America. Future climate change may influence the distribution of the disease, which is dependent on the distribution of those Anopheles mosquitoes competent to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. Herein, predictive niche models of the habitat suitability for P. falciparum, the current primary vector Anopheles darlingi and nine other known and/or potential vector species of the Neotropical Albitarsis Complex, were used to document the current situation and project future scenarios under climate changes in South America in 2070. Methods: To build each ecological niche model, we employed topography, climate and biome, and the currently defined distribution of P. falciparum, An. darlingi and nine species comprising the Albitarsis Complex in South America. Current and future (i.e., 2070) distributions were forecast by projecting the fitted ecological niche model onto the current environmental situation and two scenarios of simulated climate change. Statistical analyses were performed between the parasite and each vector in both the present and future scenarios to address potential vector roles in the dynamics of malaria transmission. Results: Current distributions of malaria vector species were associated with that of P. falciparum, confirming their role in transmission, especially An. darlingi, An. marajoara and An. deaneorum. Projected climate changes included higher temperatures, lower water availability and biome modifications. Regardless of future scenarios considered, the geographic distribution of P. falciparum was exacerbated in 2070 South America, with the distribution of the pathogen covering 35-46 % of the continent. As the current primary vector An. darlingi showed low tolerance for drier environments, the projected climate change would significantly reduce suitable habitat, impacting both its distribution and abundance. Conversely, climate generalist members of the Albitarsis Complex showed significant spatial and temporal expansion potential in 2070, and we conclude these species will become more important in the dynamics of malaria transmission in South America. Conclusions: Our data suggest that climate and landscape effects will elevate the importance of members of the Albitarsis Complex in malaria transmission in South America in 2070, highlighting the need for further studies addressing the bionomics, ecology and behaviours of the species comprising the Albitarsis Complex.","Laporta, Gabriel/0000-0001-7412-9390; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb/0000-0002-7051-2891; Laporta, Gabriel/0000-0001-7412-9390",1756-3305,2015,10.1186/s13071-015-1038-4,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,Maxent and Boosted Regression tree,Occurrence,"literature review, field collections, genotyping",not specified,"66 an darlingi; 138 an albitarsis; 240 an oryzalimnetes; 153 an marajoara; 70 an deaneorum; 96 an janconnae; 44 an albitarsis f; 106 an albitarsis g, 88 an albitatrsis h; 12 an albitarsis i","used pseudo absence data for maxent, used absence data from Maxent in BRT",not specified,South America,Regional,Anopheles,"Anopheles darlingi, an albitarsis ss; An oryzalimnetes; An marajoara; An deaneorum; An janconnae","WorldClim (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), World Wildlife Fund (LC)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, elevation, terrestrial biomes","an darlingi maxent bio16, brt altitude; an albitarsis ss maxent bio6, brt bio14; an oryzalimnetes maxent slope, brt bio6; an marajoara maxent bio17, brt bio1; an deaneorum slope, brt slope; an janconnae maxent bio6, brt altitude; an albitarsis f maxent bio7, brt bio1; an albitarsis g maxent bio6, brt altitude; an albitarsis h bio14 maxent, brt bio5; an albitarsis maxent bio1, brt altitude",no discussion of collinearity,yes,"when comparing brt and maxent, different variables contributed to distribution of each species; also variation in importance across species subtypes"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Cianci, D; Hartemink, N; Ibanez-Justicia, A","Cianci, Daniela; Hartemink, Nienke; Ibanez-Justicia, Adolfo",Modelling the potential spatial distribution of mosquito species using three different techniques,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS,"Background: Models for the spatial distribution of vector species are important tools in the assessment of the risk of establishment and subsequent spread of vector-borne diseases. The aims of this study are to define the environmental conditions suitable for several mosquito species through species distribution modelling techniques, and to compare the results produced with the different techniques. Methods: Three different modelling techniques, i.e., non-linear discriminant analysis, random forest and generalised linear model, were used to investigate the environmental suitability in the Netherlands for three indigenous mosquito species (Culiseta annulata, Anopheles claviger and Ochlerotatus punctor). Results obtained with the three statistical models were compared with regard to: (i) environmental suitability maps, (ii) environmental variables associated with occurrence, (iii) model evaluation. Results: The models indicated that precipitation, temperature and population density were associated with the occurrence of Cs. annulata and An. claviger, whereas land surface temperature and vegetation indices were associated with the presence of Oc. punctor. The maps produced with the three different modelling techniques showed consistent spatial patterns for each species, but differences in the ranges of the predictions. Non-linear discriminant analysis had lower predictions than other methods. The model with the best classification skills for all the species was the random forest model, with specificity values ranging from 0.89 to 0.91, and sensitivity values ranging from 0.64 to 0.95. Conclusions: We mapped the environmental suitability for three mosquito species with three different modelling techniques. For each species, the maps showed consistent spatial patterns, but the level of predicted environmental suitability differed; NLDA gave lower predicted probabilities of presence than the other two methods. The variables selected as important in the models were in agreement with the existing knowledge about these species. All model predictions had a satisfactory to excellent accuracy; best accuracy was obtained with random forest. The insights obtained can be used to gain more knowledge on vector and non-vector mosquito species. The output of this type of distribution modelling methods can, for example, be used as input for epidemiological models of vector-borne diseases.","hartemink, nienke/0000-0001-9820-7699",1476-072X,2015,10.1186/s12942-015-0001-0,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"non-linear discriminant analysis, random forest, glm",Occurrence,Dutch Centre for Monitoring of Vectors National Mosquito Survey Program,CO2-baited Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus MM3100 traps,438 Cs annulata; 127 an claviger; 73 oc punctor,,adults,Netherlands,National,Multiple,"Culiseta annulata, Anopheles claviger and Ochlerotatus punctor","MODIS (C, LC, T), WorldClim (C), CMORPH (C), Corine land cover (LC) Gridded Population of the World Dataset (POP)","Day time land surface temperature, nightime land surface temperature","MODIS middle infrared, modis daytime LST, MODIS night LST, MODIS EVI, MODIS NDVI, CMORPH precipitation, worldclim predipitation, MODIS DEM, population density, land cover",most important predictor varied across models for each species,no discussion of collinearity,no,used fourier transforms on explanatory variables
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cunze, S; Koch, LK; Kochmann, J; Klimpel, S","Cunze, Sarah; Koch, Lisa K.; Kochmann, Judith; Klimpel, Sven",Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus - two invasive mosquito species with different temperature niches in Europe,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus are two of the most widespread invasive mosquito species that have recently become established in western Europe. Both species are associated with the transmission of a number of serious diseases and are projected to continue their spread in Europe. Methods: In the present study, we modelled the habitat suitability for both species under current and future climatic conditions by means of an Ensemble forecasting approach. We additionally compared the modelled MAXENT niches of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus regarding temperature and precipitation requirements. Results: Both species were modelled to find suitable habitat conditions in distinct areas within Europe: Ae. albopictus within the Mediterranean regions in southern Europe, Ae. japonicus within the more temperate regions of central Europe. Only in few regions, suitable habitat conditions were projected to overlap for both species. Whereas Ae. albopictus is projected to be generally promoted by climate change in Europe, the area modelled to be climatically suitable for Ae. japonicus is projected to decrease under climate change. This projection of range reduction under climate change relies on the assumption that Ae. japonicus is not able to adapt to warmer climatic conditions. The modelled MAXENT temperature niches of Ae. japonicus were found to be narrower with an optimum at lower temperatures compared to the niches of Ae. albopictus. Conclusions: Species distribution models identifying areas with high habitat suitability can help improving monitoring programmes for invasive species currently in place. However, as mosquito species are known to be able to adapt to new environmental conditions within the invasion range quickly, niche evolution of invasive mosquito species should be closely followed upon in future studies.","Kochmann, Judith/0000-0001-6312-7859; Koch, Lisa/0000-0002-3064-8401",1756-3305,2016,10.1186/s13071-016-1853-2,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GLM, GAM, GBM, Classification tree analysis, surface range envelope, artificial neural network, flexible discriminant analysis, multivariate adaptive regression splines, random forest, maxent",Occurrence,literature review,na,336 ae albopictus; 178 ae japonicus,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,"Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus",WorldClim (C),"mean temperature o f coldest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, temperature annual range","mean temperature o f coldest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, temperature annual range, annual mean precipitation, precipitation in warmest quarter, precipitation seasonality","mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter important for albo; mean temp coldest quarter, annual precip important for japonicus",correlation coefficent < 0.7,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Carlson, CJ; Dougherty, ER; Getz, W","Carlson, Colin J.; Dougherty, Eric R.; Getz, Wayne",An Ecological Assessment of the Pandemic Threat of Zika Virus,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"The current outbreak of Zika virus poses a severe threat to human health. While the range of the virus has been cataloged growing slowly over the last 50 years, the recent explosive expansion in the Americas indicates that the full potential distribution of Zika remains uncertain. Moreover, many studies rely on its similarity to dengue fever, a phylogenetically closely related disease of unknown ecological comparability. Here we compile a comprehensive spatially-explicit occurrence dataset from Zika viral surveillance and serological surveys based in its native range, and construct ecological niche models to test basic hypotheses about its spread and potential establishment. The hypothesis that the outbreak of cases in Mexico and North America are anomalous and outside the native ecological niche of the disease, and may be linked to either genetic shifts between strains, or El Nino or similar climatic events, remains plausible at this time. Comparison of the Zika niche against the known distribution of dengue fever suggests that Zika is more constrained by the seasonality of precipitation and diurnal temperature fluctuations, likely confining autochthonous nonsexual transmission to the tropics without significant evolutionary change. Projecting the range of the diseases in conjunction with three major vector species (Aedes africanus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. albopictus) that transmit the pathogens, under climate change, suggests that Zika has potential for northward expansion; but, based on current knowledge, our models indicate Zika is unlikely to fill the full range its vectors occupy, and public fear of a vector-borne Zika epidemic in the mainland United States is potentially informed by biased or limited scientific knowledge. With recent sexual transmission of the virus globally, we caution that our results only apply to the vector-borne transmission route of the pathogen, and while the threat of a mosquito-carried Zika pandemic may be overstated in the media, other transmission modes of the virus may emerge and facilitate naturalization worldwide.","Carlson, Colin/0000-0001-6960-8434",1935-2735,2016,10.1371/journal.pntd.0004968,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GLM, BRT, GAM, Classification tree analysis, artificial neural networks, surface range envelope, flexible discriminant analyis, multiple adaptive regression splines, random forest, maxent",Occurrence,"Kraemer paper, GBIF",na,"13992 ae aegypti, 17280 for ae albopictus, 99 ae africanus",,not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. albopictus,Ae. aegypti, Ae. africanus","WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC)",Bioclim,"Bioclim, NDVI","Variable importance varies by species, disease, and modeling method",correlation coefficent <0.8,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Marcantonio, M; Metz, M; Baldacchino, F; Arnoldi, D; Montarsi, F; Capelli, G; Carlin, S; Neteler, M; Rizzoli, A","Marcantonio, Matteo; Metz, Markus; Baldacchino, Frederic; Arnoldi, Daniele; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Capelli, Gioia; Carlin, Sara; Neteler, Markus; Rizzoli, Annapaola",First assessment of potential distribution and dispersal capacity of the emerging invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus in Northeast Italy,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Invasive alien species represent a growing threat for natural systems, economy and human health. Active surveillance and responses that readily suppress newly established colonies are effective actions to mitigate the noxious consequences of biological invasions. However, when an exotic species establishes a viable population in a new area, predicting its potential spread is the most effective way to implement adequate control actions. Emerging invasive species, despite monitoring efforts, are poorly known in terms of behaviour and capacity to adapt to the new invaded range. Therefore, tools that provide information on their spread by maximising the available data, are critical. Methods: We apply three different approaches to model the potential distribution of an emerging invasive mosquito, Aedes koreicus, in Northeast Italy: 1) an automatic statistical approach based on information theory, 2) a statistical approach integrated with prior knowledge, and 3) a GIS physiology-based approach. Each approach possessed benefits and limitations, and the required ecological information increases on a scale from 1 to 3. We validated the model outputs using the only other known invaded area in Europe. Finally, we applied a road network analysis to the suitability surface with the highest prediction power to highlight those areas with the highest likelihood of invasion. Results: The GIS physiological-based model had the highest prediction power. It showed that localities currently occupied by Aedes koreicus represent only a small fraction of the potentially suitable area. Furthermore, the modelled niche included areas as high as 1500 m a.s.l., only partially overlapping with Aedes albopictus distribution. Conclusions: The simulated spread indicated that all of the suitable portion of the study area is at risk of invasion in a relatively short period of time if no control policies are implemented. Stochastic events may further boost the invasion process, whereas competition with Aedes albopictus may limit it. According to our analysis, some of the major cities in the study area may have already been invaded. Further monitoring is needed to confirm this finding. The developed models and maps represent valuable tools to inform policies aimed at eradicating or mitigating Aedes koreicus invasion in Northeast Italy and Central Europe.","Neteler, Markus/0000-0003-1916-1966; Rizzoli, Annapaola/0000-0003-3997-6783; Neteler, Markus/0000-0003-1916-1966;",1756-3305,2016,10.1186/s13071-016-1340-9,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Bayesian logistic regression, maxent, GIS physiology-based",Occurrence,larval and adult sampling,"larval searches, ovitraps, CDC-light traps and BG-sentinel traps",53 positive; 253 negative,,adults and larvae,Italy,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. koreicus,"WorldClim (C), MODIS (LC)","all bioclim; average temperature of the coldest month, average temperature of the mosquito growing season","all bioclim; average temperature of the coldest month, average temperature of the mosquito growing season, NDVI, NDWI,",temperature seasonality; max temperature of warmest month (maxent results),correlation coefficient < 0.5,no,did future predictions based on road network analysis
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Padilla, O; Rosas, P; Moreno, W; Toulkeridis, T","Padilla, Oswaldo; Rosas, Pablo; Moreno, Wilson; Toulkeridis, Theofilos",Modeling of the ecological niches of the anopheles spp in Ecuador by the use of geo-informatic tools,SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY,"Ecuador in the northwestern edge of South America is struggling by vector-borne diseases with an endemic-epidemic behavior leading to an enormous public health problem. Malaria, which has a cyclicality in its dynamics, is closely related to climatic, ecological and socio-economic phenomena. The main objective of this research has been to compare three different prediction species models, the so-called Maxent, logistic regression and multi criteria evaluation with fuzzy logic, in order to determine the model which best describes the ecological niche of the Anopheles spp species, which transmits malaria within Ecuador. After performing a detailed data collection and data processing, we applied the mentioned models and validated them with a statistical analysis in order to discover that the Maxent model has been the model that best defines the distribution of Anopheles spp within the territory. The determined sites, which are of high strategic value and important for the increasing national development, will now be able to initiate preventive countermeasures based on this study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","Toulkeridis, Theofilos/0000-0003-1903-7914",1877-5845,2017,10.1016/j.sste.2016.12.001,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Maxent, multi criterion evaluation",Occurrence,"Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Vector Map, sampling",dipping,144,,"larvae were collected, other sources not specified",Ecuador,National,Anopheles,Anopheles genus,"WorldClim (C), Ecuador National Information System (LC, T, POP)","average annual temperature, average diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, annual temperature range","did not disuss variable contribution, found Maxent to be best based on AUC",temperature and precipitation variables,removed from pairwise correlation >0.6,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Thomas, SM; Tjaden, NB; Frank, C; Jaeschke, A; Zipfel, L; Wagner-Wiening, C; Faber, M; Beierkuhnlein, C; Stark, K","Thomas, Stephanie Margarete; Tjaden, Nils Benjamin; Frank, Christina; Jaeschke, Anja; Zipfel, Lukas; Wagner-Wiening, Christiane; Faber, Mirko; Beierkuhnlein, Carl; Stark, Klaus",Areas with High Hazard Potential for Autochthonous Transmission of Aedes albopictus-Associated Arboviruses in Germany,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH,"The intensity and extent of transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus have increased markedly over the last decades. Autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya by Aedes albopictus has been recorded in Southern Europe where the invasive mosquito was already established and viraemic travelers had imported the virus. Ae. albopictus populations are spreading northward into Germany. Here, we model the current and future climatically suitable regions for Ae. albopictus establishment in Germany, using climate data of spatially high resolution. To highlight areas where vectors and viraemic travellers are most likely to come into contact, reported dengue and chikungunya incidences are integrated at the county level. German cities with the highest likelihood of autochthonous transmission of Aedes albopictus-borne arboviruses are currently located in the western parts of the country: Freiburg im Breisgau, Speyer, and Karlsruhe, affecting about 0.5 million people. In addition, 8.8 million people live in regions considered to show elevated hazard potential assuming further spread of the mosquito: Baden-Wurttemberg (Upper Rhine, Lake Constance regions), southern parts of Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia (Lower Rhine). Overall, a more targeted and thus cost-efficient implementation of vector control measures and health surveillance will be supported by the detailed maps provided here.","Faber, MIrko/0000-0002-9196-570X; Frank, Christina/0000-0001-6776-8450; Thomas, Stephanie Margarete/0000-0003-0507-2006",1660-4601,2018,10.3390/ijerph15061270,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"generalized boosted model, generalized additive model, maximum entropy, random forest",Occurrence,Kraemer paper,not specified,1336,,"adults, pupae, larvae, and eggs",Germany,National,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,WorldClim (C),"annual mean temperature, min temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter,","annual mean temperature, min temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation of the driest quarter",did not discuss variable contribution,did not discuss collinearity,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Dickens, BL; Sun, HY; Jit, M; Cook, AR; Carrasco, LR","Dickens, Borame Lee; Sun, Haoyang; Jit, Mark; Cook, Alex R.; Carrasco, Luis Roman",Determining environmental and anthropogenic factors which explain the global distribution of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus,BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH,"Background Responsible for considerable global human morbidity and mortality, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the primary vectors of several important human diseases, including dengue and yellow fever. Although numerous variables that affect mosquito survival and reproduction have been recorded at the local and regional scales, many remain untested at the global level, potentially confounding mapping efforts to date. Methods We develop a modelling ensemble of boosted regression trees and maximum entropy models using sets of variables previously untested at the global level to examine their performance in predicting the global distribution of these two vectors. The results show that accessibility, absolute humidity and annual minimum temperature are consistently the strongest predictors of mosquito presence. Both vectors are similar in their response to accessibility and humidity, but exhibit individual profiles for temperature. Their mapped ranges are therefore similar except at peripheral latitudes, where the range of Ae. albopictus extends further, a finding consistent with ongoing trapping studies. We show that variables previously identified as being relevant, including maximum and mean temperatures, enhanced vegetation index, relative humidity and population density, are comparatively weak performers. Results The variables identified represent three key biological mechanisms. Cold tolerance is a critical biological parameter, controlling both species' distribution northwards, and to a lesser degree for Ae. albopictus which has consequent greater inland suitability in North America, Europe and East Asia. Absolute humidity restricts the distribution of both vectors from drier areas, where moisture availability is very low, and increases their suitability in coastal areas. The latter is exacerbated by accessibility with increased likelihood of vector importation due to greater potential for human and trade movement. Conclusion Accessibility, absolute humidity and annual minimum temperatures were the strongest and most robust global predictors of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus presence, which should be considered in control efforts and future distribution projections.","Carrasco, Luis R/0000-0002-2894-1473; Cook, Alex/0000-0002-6271-5832",2059-7908,2018,10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000801,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,BRT and Maxent,Occurrence,Kraemer paper,not specified,"19930 ae aegypti, 22137 ae albopictus",,"adults, pupae, larvae, and eggs",Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), ERA-Interim (C), MODIS (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)","bioclim, min/max monthly temp","monthly total precipitation, min/max monthly temp, 19 bioclim, EVI, elevation, socioeconomic data, population density, travel time to nearest city","accessibility, median absolute humidity, minimum annual temperature",correlation matrix used and non-correlated (<0.4 coefficient) variables used in the models,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Ding, FY; Fu, JY; Jiang, D; Hao, MM; Lin, G","Ding, Fangyu; Fu, Jingying; Jiang, Dong; Hao, Mengmeng; Lin, Gang",Mapping the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus,ACTA TROPICA,"Mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as Rift Valley fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, have caused mass human death with the transnational expansion fueled by economic globalization. Simulating the distribution of the disease vectors is of great importance in formulating public health planning and disease control strategies. In the present study, we simulated the global distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at a 5 x 5 km spatial resolution with high-dimensional multidisciplinary datasets and machine learning methods Three relatively popular and robust machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM) and random forest (RF), were used. During the fine-tuning process based on training datasets of A. aegypti and A. albopictus, RF models achieved the highest performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.973 and 0.974, respectively, followed by GBM (AUC of 0.971 and 0.972, respectively) and SVM (AUC of 0.963 and 0.964, respectively) models. The simulation difference between RF and GBM models was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) based on the validation datasets, whereas statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for RF and GBM simulations compared with SVM simulations. From the simulated maps derived from RF models, we observed that the distribution of A. albopictus was wider than that of A. aegypti along a latitudinal gradient. The discriminatory power of each factor in simulating the global distribution of the two species was also analyzed. Our results provided fundamental information for further study on disease transmission simulation and risk assessment.",,0001-706X,2018,10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.020,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"SVM, GBM, RF",Occurrence,Kraemer paper,not specified,15108 ae aegypti; 12426 ae albopictus,,"adults, pupae, larvae, and eggs",Global,Global,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (C), AVHRR (LC)",Worldclim,"WorldClim, NDVI, mean annual relative humidity, global urban region, population density, nighttime light layers, urban accessibility",temperature suitability highest determinant of ae aegypti; same for ae albopictus,no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Fruh, L; Kampen, H; Kerkow, A; Schaub, GA; Walther, D; Wieland, R","Frueh, Linus; Kampen, Helge; Kerkow, Antje; Schaub, Guenter A.; Walther, Doreen; Wieland, Ralf",Modelling the potential distribution of an invasive mosquito species: comparative evaluation of four machine learning methods and their combinations,ECOLOGICAL MODELLING,"We tested four machine learning methods for their performance in the classification of mosquito species occurrence related to weather variables: support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression and decision tree. The objective was to find a method which showed the most accurate model for the prediction of the potential geographical distribution of Aedes japonicus japonicus, an invasive mosquito species in Germany. The evaluation of the model trainings was conducted using derivations of a confusion matrix. Furthermore, we introduced two quality indices, 'selectivity' and 'exactness', for the evaluation of the spatial simulation, visualised through the Hasse diagram technique. From the evaluation results we can conclude that a specific combination of two to three models performs better in predicting the potential distribution of the mosquito species than a single model or the random combination of models.","Wieland, Ralf/0000-0002-2278-610X; Fruh, Linus/0000-0001-7756-2931",0304-3800,2018,10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.08.011,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression and decision tree",Occurrence,"Culbase database, other databases",na,2988 training,2011-2014 records for training; 2015 for testing,not specified,Germany,National,Aedes,Ae. japonicus,Deutscher Wetterdienst (C),"Mean temperature in September, October, December, March, April, May","mean precipitation in February, April, Jun; mean temperature in September, October, December; mean temperature in March, April, May; drough index in September, October, November",not discussed,no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Sherpa, S; Gueguen, M; Renaud, J; Blum, MGB; Gaude, T; Laporte, F; Akiner, M; Alten, B; Aranda, C; Barre-Cardi, H; Bellini, R; Bengoa Paulis, M; Chen, XG; Eritja, R; Flacio, E; Foxi, C; Ishak, IH; Kalan, K; Kasai, S; Montarsi, F; Pajovic, I; Petric, D; Termine, R; Turic, N; Vazquez-Prokopec, GM; Velo, E; Vignjevic, G; Zhou, XH; Despres, L","Sherpa, Stephanie; Gueguen, Maya; Renaud, Julien; Blum, Michael G. B.; Gaude, Thierry; Laporte, Frederic; Akiner, Mustafa; Alten, Bulent; Aranda, Carles; Barre-Cardi, Helene; Bellini, Romeo; Bengoa Paulis, Mikel; Chen, Xiao-Guang; Eritja, Roger; Flacio, Eleonora; Foxi, Cipriano; Ishak, Intan H.; Kalan, Katja; Kasai, Shinji; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Pajovic, Igor; Petric, Dusan; Termine, Rosa; Turic, Natasa; Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo M.; Velo, Enkelejda; Vignjevic, Goran; Zhou, Xiaohong; Despres, Laurence",Predicting the success of an invader: Niche shift versus niche conservatism,ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,"Invasive species can encounter environments different from their source populations, which may trigger rapid adaptive changes after introduction (niche shift hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether postintroduction evolution is correlated with contrasting environmental conditions between the European invasive and source ranges in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. The comparison of environmental niches occupied in European and source population ranges revealed more than 96% overlap between invasive and source niches, supporting niche conservatism. However, we found evidence for postintroduction genetic evolution by reanalyzing a published ddRADseq genomic dataset from 90 European invasive populations using genotype-environment association (GEA) methods and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Three loci, among which a putative heat-shock protein, exhibited significant allelic turnover along the gradient of winter precipitation that could be associated with ongoing range expansion. Wing morphometric traits weakly correlated with environmental gradients within Europe, but wing size differed between invasive and source populations located in different climatic areas. Niche similarities between source and invasive ranges might have facilitated the establishment of populations. Nonetheless, we found evidence for environmental-induced adaptive changes after introduction. The ability to rapidly evolve observed in invasive populations (genetic shift) together with a large proportion of unfilled potential suitable areas (80%) pave the way to further spread of Ae. albopictus in Europe.","Pajovic, Igor/0000-0001-8574-2094",2045-7758,2019,10.1002/ece3.5734,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GLM, BRT, MARS, RF, GAM",Occurrence,Global Biodiversity Information Facility,na,5270,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Aedes albopictus,"CHELSA (C), CGIAR-CSI (C), NASA Socioeconomic Data and Application Center (LC, POP)","CHELSA 19 bioclimatic variables, monthly mean, min, max temperature","CHELSA 19 bioclimatic variables, monthly mean, min, max temperature; mean monthly precipitation, global aridity index, net primary productivity, human footprint","human footprint, minimum temperature of the coldest month",correlation coefficient < 0.5,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Uusitalo, R; Siljander, M; Culverwell, CL; Mutai, NC; Forbes, KM; Vapalahti, O; Pellikka, PKE","Uusitalo, Ruut; Siljander, Mika; Culverwell, C. Lorna; Mutai, Noah C.; Forbes, Kristian M.; Vapalahti, Olli; Pellikka, Petri K. E.","Predictive mapping of mosquito distribution based on environmental and anthropogenic factors in Taita Hills, Kenya",INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION,"Mosquitoes are vectors for numerous pathogens, which are collectively responsible for millions of human deaths each year. As such, it is vital to be able to accurately predict their distributions, particularly in areas where species composition is unknown. Species distribution modeling was used to determine the relationship between environmental, anthropogenic and distance factors on the occurrence of two mosquito genera, Culex Linnaeus and Stegomyia Theobald (syn. Aedes), in the Taita Hills, southeastern Kenya. This study aims to test whether any of the statistical prediction models produced by the Biomod2 package in R can reliably estimate the distributions of mosquitoes in these genera in the Taita Hills; and to examine which factors best explain their presence. Mosquito collections were acquired from 122 locations between January-March 2016 along transects throughout the Taita Hills. Environmental-, anthropogenic- and distance-based geospatial data were acquired from the Taita Hills geo-database, satellite- and aerial imagery and processed in GIS software. The Biomod2 package in R, intended for ensemble forecasting of species distributions, was used to generate predictive models. Slope, human population density, normalized difference vegetation index, distance to roads and elevation best estimated Culex distributions by a generalized additive model with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.791. Mean radiation, human population density, normalized difference vegetation index, distance to roads and mean temperature resulted in the highest AUC (0.708) value in a random forest model for Stegomyia distributions. We conclude that in the process towards more detailed species-level maps, with our study results, general assumptions can be made about the distribution areas of Culex and Stegomyia mosquitoes in the Taita Hills and the factors which influence their distribution.","Uusitalo, Ruut/0000-0003-4170-8809; Vapalahti, Olli/0000-0003-2270-6824; Mutai, Noah/0000-0001-9677-223X",0303-2434,2019,10.1016/j.jag.2018.11.004,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GLM, GAM, Classification tree analysis, artificial neural networks, multivariate adaptive regression splines, general boosting method, random forest, and Maxent",Occurrence,Adult and larval sampling,"Prokopacks, CDC miniature light traps, dippers, fine mesh nets, turkey basters",107,,"eggs, pupae, larvae, and adults",Kenya,Sub-national,Multiple,Culex Linnaeus and Stegomyia Theobald (syn. Aedes,"airborne laser scanning (ALS) data (POP), Survey of Kenya (LC, T), Kenya Meteorological Department (C), data logger observations (C), Sentinel-2 satellite (LC)",,"Distance to houses, elevation, distance to roads, mean precipitation, mean radiation, mean relative humidity, mean temperature, slope, human population density, NDVI","mean radiation, NDVI, human population density, distance to roads, mean temperature most important for Stegomyia; slope, population density, NDVI, distance to roads, and elevation",,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Ibanez-Justicia, A; Alcaraz-Hernandez, JD; van Lammeren, R; Koenraadt, CJM; Bergsma, A; Delucchi, L; Rizzoli, A; Takken, W","Ibanez-Justicia, Adolfo; Alcaraz-Hernandez, Juan Diego; van Lammeren, Ron; Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M.; Bergsma, Aldo; Delucchi, Luca; Rizzoli, Annapaola; Takken, Willem",Habitat suitability modelling to assess the introductions of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Netherlands,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background In the Netherlands, Aedes albopictus has been found each year since 2010 during routine exotic mosquito species surveillance at companies that import used tires. We developed habitat suitability models to investigate the potential risk of establishment and spread of this invasive species at these locations. Methods We used two methodologies: first, a species distribution model based on the maximum entropy modelling approach (MaxEnt) taking into consideration updated occurrence data of the species in Europe, and secondly, a spatial logic conditional model based on the temperature requirements of the species and using land surface temperature data (LST model). Results Suitability assessment obtained with the MaxEnt model at European level accurately reflect the current distribution of the species and these results also depict moderately low values in parts of the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, the British islands and southern parts of Scandinavia. Winter temperature was the variable that contributed most to the performance of the model (47.3%). The results of the LST model showed that: (i) coastal areas are suitable for overwintering of eggs; (ii) large areas in the northern part of the country have a low suitability for adult survival; and (iii) the entire country is suitable for successful completion of the life-cycle if the species is introduced after the winter months. Results of the LST model revealed that temperatures in 2012 and 2014 did not limit the overwintering of eggs or survival of adults at the locations where the species was found. By contrast, for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013, overwintering of eggs at these locations is considered unlikely. Conclusions Results using two modelling methodologies show differences in predicted habitat suitability values. Based on the results of both models, the climatic conditions could hamper the successful overwintering of eggs of Ae. albopictus and their survival as adults in many areas of the country. However, during warm years with mild winters, many areas of the Netherlands offer climatic conditions suitable for developing populations. Regular updates of the models, using updated occurrence and climatic data, are recommended to study the areas at risk.",,1756-3305,2020,10.1186/s13071-020-04077-3,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,maxent and spatial logical conditions,Occurrence,"literature review, Cunze, Kramer, Koch",not specified,426,,not specified,Netherlands,National,Aedes,ae albopictus,"WorldClim (C), MODIS (C)",bioclim and modis LST,"Bioclim mean diurnal range, bio7 temperature annual range, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, modis LST","mean temperature of coldest quarter, mean temperature of wettest quarter, annual precipitation, temperature annual range, mean diurnal range",correlation coefficient > 0.80 and VIF,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Sherpa, S; Renaud, J; Gueguen, M; Besnard, G; Mouyon, L; Rey, D; Despres, L","Sherpa, Stephanie; Renaud, Julien; Gueguen, Maya; Besnard, Gilles; Mouyon, Loic; Rey, Delphine; Despres, Laurence",Landscape does matter: Disentangling founder effects from natural and human-aided post-introduction dispersal during an ongoing biological invasion,JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY,"Environmental features impacting the spread of invasive species after introduction can be assessed using population genetic structure as a quantitative estimation of effective dispersal at the landscape scale. However, in the case of an ongoing biological invasion, deciphering whether genetic structure represents landscape connectivity or founder effects is particularly challenging. We examined the modes of dispersal (natural and human-aided) and the factors (landscape or founders history) shaping genetic structure in range edge invasive populations of the Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus, in the region of Grenoble (Southeast France). Based on detailed occupancy-detection data and environmental variables (climatic, topographic and land-cover), we modelledA. albopictuspotential suitable area and its expansion history since first introduction. The relative role of dispersal modes was estimated using biological dispersal capabilities and landscape genetics approaches using genome-wide SNP dataset. We demonstrate that both natural and human-aided dispersal have promoted the expansion of populations. Populations in diffuse urban areas, representing highly suitable habitat forA. albopictus, tend to disperse less, while roads facilitate long-distance dispersal. Yet, demographic bottlenecks during introduction played a major role in shaping the genetic variability of these range edge populations. The present study is one of the few investigating the role of founder effects and ongoing expansion processes in shaping spatial patterns of genetic variation in an invasive species at the landscape scale. The combination of several dispersal modes and large proportions of continuous suitable habitats forA. albopictuspromoted range filling of almost its entire potential distribution in the region of Grenoble only few years after introduction.","Despres, Laurence/0000-0002-0660-6260; Sherpa, Stephanie/0000-0001-9958-0073",0021-8790,2020,10.1111/1365-2656.13284,Yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"GLM, GAM, GBM, MARS, RF",occurrence,ovitraps and surveillance,ovitraps and other sampling,1385 occurrences,,not specified,France,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"Landsat 8/Sentinel-2 (LC), BD TOPO/BD ALTI (T), CHELSA (C)",mean annual temperature,"Land cover classes (LandSat 8 and Sentinel 2), Road network, digital elevation model",diffuse urban areas,,no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"M. E. Sinka; S. Pironon; N. C. Massey, J. Longbottom; J. Hemingway; C. L. Moyes; K. J. Willis",,A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at risk,PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,"In 2012, an unusual outbreak of urban malaria was reported from Djibouti City in the Horn of Africa and increasingly severe outbreaks have been reported annually ever since. Subsequent investigations discovered the presence of an Asian mosquito species; Anopheles stephensi, a species known to thrive in urban environments. Since that first report, An. stephensi has been identified in Ethiopia and Sudan, and this worrying development has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to publish a vector alert calling for active mosquito surveillance in the region. Using an up-to-date database of published locational records for An. stephensi across its full range (Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa) and a set of spatial models that identify the environmental conditions that characterize a species’ preferred habitat, we provide evidence-based maps predicting the possible locations across Africa where An. stephensi could establish if allowed to spread unchecked. Unsurprisingly, due to this species’ close association with man-made habitats, our maps predict a high probability of presence within many urban cities across Africa where our estimates suggest that over 126 million people reside. Our results strongly support the WHO’s call for surveillance and targeted vector control and provide a basis for the prioritization of surveillance.","M. E. Sinka/0000-0001-7145-3179, S. Pironon/0000-0002-8937-7626, N. C. Massey, J. Longbottom/0000-0002-4151-9031, J. Hemingway/0000-0002-3200-7173, C. L. Moyes/0000-0002-8028-4079, and K. J. Willis",1091-6490,2020,10.1073/pnas.2003976117,yes,yes,Yes,Mixed,"Maxent, Random Forest, Generalised Boosted Models, Generalised Additive Models and Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines",Occurrence,Humbug database,na,343,,not specified,"Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa",Regional,Anopheles,Anopheles stephensi,"MODIS (LC, C), CHIRPS (C), WorldPop (POP), FAO Global Map of Irrigated Areas (LC)",Annuclim,"Annual mean temperature, Human population Density, Enhanced Vegetation Index, Precipitation Seasonality, Tasselled Cap Wetness, Irrigation, Cropland Natural Vegetation Mosiac.","Annual mean temperature, human population density",,no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Dejene W. Sintayehu; N. Tassie; W. F. de Boer,,Present and future climatic suitability for dengue fever in Africa,INFECTION ECOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY,"The number of dengue fever incidence and its distribution has increased considerably in recent years in Africa. However, due to inadequate research at the continental level, there is a limited understanding regarding the current and future spatial distribution of the main vector, the mosquitoAedes aegypti, and the associated dengue risk due to climate change. To fill this gap we used reported dengue fever incidences, the presence of Ae. aegypti, and bioclimatic variables in a species distribution model to assess the current and future (2050 and 2070) climatically suitable areas. High temperatures and with high moisture levels are climatically suitable for the distribution of Ae. aegypti related to dengue fever. Under the current climate scenario indicated that 15.2% of the continent is highly suitable for dengue fever outbreaks. We predict that climatically suitable areas for Ae. aegypti related to dengue fever incidences in eastern, central and western part of Africa will increase in the future and will expand further towards higher elevations. Our projections provide evidence for the changing continental threat of vector-borne diseases and can guide public health policy decisions in Africa to better prepare for and respond to future changes in dengue fever risk.",,2000-8686,2020,10.1080/20008686.2020.1782042,yes,yes,yes,Mixed,"Generalized linear model (GLM), Random forest algorithm (RF), Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), Boosted regression trees (BRT), Support vector machine (SVM)",Occurrence,"GBIF, VectorMap",na,753,,not specified,Africa,Regional,Aedes,Aedes aegypti,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,Bio 1-19,"Annual Mean Temperature, Maximum temperature of warmest month, Minimum temperature of coldest month, Annual temperature range, Annual precipitation, Precipitation of Wettest Month, Precipitation of driest month",Variance Inflation Factor (<3),yes,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,Charlotte G. Rhodes; Jose R. Loaiza; Luis Mario Romero; José Manuel Gutiérrez Alvarado; Gabriela Delgado; Obdulio Rojas Salas; Melissa Ramírez Rojas; Carlos Aguilar-Avendaño; Ezequías Maynes; José A. Valerín Cordero; Alonso Soto Mora; Chystrie A. Rigg; Aryana Zardkoohi; Monica Prado; Mariel D. Friberg; Luke R. Bergmann; Rodrigo Marín Rodríguez; Gabriel L. Hamer; Luis Fernando Chaves,,Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) Ensemble Distribution Modeling: Applications for Malaria Elimination,INSECTS,"In the absence of entomological information, tools for predicting Anopheles spp. presence can help evaluate the entomological risk of malaria transmission. Here, we illustrate how species distribution models (SDM) could quantify potential dominant vector species presence in malaria elimination settings. We fitted a 250 m resolution ensemble SDM for Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. The ensemble SDM included predictions based on seven different algorithms, 110 occurrence records and 70 model projections. SDM covariates included nine environmental variables that were selected based on their importance from an original set of 28 layers that included remotely and spatially interpolated locally measured variables for the land surface of Costa Rica. Goodness of fit for the ensemble SDM was very high, with a minimum AUC of 0.79. We used the resulting ensemble SDM to evaluate differences in habitat suitability (HS) between commercial plantations and surrounding landscapes, finding a higher HS in pineapple and oil palm plantations, suggestive of An. albimanus presence, than in surrounding landscapes. The ensemble SDM suggested a low HS for An. albimanus at the presumed epicenter of malaria transmission during 2018–2019 in Costa Rica, yet this vector was likely present at the two main towns also affected by the epidemic. Our results illustrate how ensemble SDMs in malaria elimination settings can provide information that could help to improve vector surveillance and control.",,2075-4450,2022,10.3390/insects13030221,Yes,Yes,yes,Mixed,"CART, MaxENT, ANN, GBM, RF, MARS,",Occurrence,GBIF and Costa Rica Ministry of Health database,not specified,,Collections made by vector control program of the ministry,not specified,Costa Rica,National,Anopheles,Anopheles albimanus,"MODIS (C, LC), PALSAR (LC), NASA DEM (T), GPWv4 (POP), Costa Rica National Meteorological Institute (C)",MODIS,"Modis EVI, Modis NDVI, MODIS Land Surface Temperature, PALSAR Forest/ Non- Forest, DEM, GPWv4 Population Density, Rainfall, Temperature","Elevation, NDVI, Maximum NDVI, SD of NDVI, Population Density per sq.km, Rainfall, Landscape Roughness, Modis based Temperature Kurtosis, Modis based minimum temperature",Area Under Curve and True Skill Statistic,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Srivastava, A; Nagpal, BN; Saxena, R; Subbarao, SK","Srivastava, A; Nagpal, BN; Saxena, R; Subbarao, SK",Predictive habitat modelling for forest malaria vector species An. dirus in India - A GIS-based approach,CURRENT SCIENCE,"Anopheles dirus is found in deep-forested areas where manual surveys are very difficult because of inaccessibility. Geographic Information System (GIS) and a Boolean operator have been used to map areas where the species is likely to be found. Being a forest-based species, thematic maps of forest cover, altitude, rainfall and temperature were prepared. Overlaying and integration of thematic maps were done using Arc/Info NT and analysis by Arc/view 3.1 (GIS ESRI) software. The results were validated through reported distribution and were found correct. The technique can cover vast and inaccessible areas, fast and easily duplicable in other parts of the world. Once the vector distribution is known, species-specific control measures can be formulated.",,0011-3891,2001,,Yes,yes,yes,Other,Environmental suitability thresholds mapped with Boolean operators,,,not specified,,,not specified,India,National,Anopheles,An. dirus,"Survey of India topo-sheets (C, LC, T), Water Resource Development Atlas of India (C)",20 to 27.5 C,"Forest cover, temperature, altitude, rainfall",not discussed,,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kearney, M; Porter, WP; Williams, C; Ritchie, S; Hoffmann, AA","Kearney, Michael; Porter, Warren P.; Williams, Craig; Ritchie, Scott; Hoffmann, Ary A.",Integrating biophysical models and evolutionary theory to predict climatic impacts on species' ranges: the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti in Australia,FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY,"Climate change will alter the distribution and abundance of many species, including those of concern to human health. Accurate predictions of these impacts must be based on an understanding of the mechanistic links between climate and organisms, and a consideration of evolutionary responses. Here we use biophysical models of energy and mass transfer to predict climatic impacts on the potential range of the dengue fever vector, Aedes aegypti, in Australia. We develop a first-principles approach to calculate water depth and daily temperature cycles in containers differing in size, catchment and degree of shading to assess habitat suitability for the aquatic life cycle phase. We also develop a method to predict potential climatic impacts on the evolutionary response of traits limiting distribution. Our predictions show strong correspondence with the current and historical distribution and abundance of Ae. aegypti in Australia, suggesting that inland and northern limits are set by water availability and egg desiccation resistance, and southern limits by adult and larval cold tolerance. While we predict that climate change will directly increase habitat suitability throughout much of Australia, the potential indirect impact of changed water storage practices by humans in response to drought may have a greater effect. In northern Australia, we show that evolutionary changes in egg desiccation resistance could potentially increase the chances of establishment in a major centre (Darwin) under climate change. Our study demonstrates how biophysical models of climate-animal interactions can be applied to make decisions about managing biotic responses to climate change. Mechanistic models of the kind we apply here can provide more robust and general predictions than correlative analyses. They can also explicitly incorporate evolutionary responses, the outcomes of which may significantly alter management decisions.","Williams, Craig/0000-0002-4758-1506; Hoffmann, Ary/0000-0001-9497-7645; Kearney, Michael/0000-0002-3349-8744;",0269-8463,2009,10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01538.x,yes,yes,yes,Other,nichemapper,Occurrence,container properties,na,,,larvae and eggs,Australia,National,Aedes,Ae. aegypti,"microclimate data loggers (C), DEM (T)",,,"inland and northern limits are set by water availability and egg desiccation resistance, and southern limits by adult and larval cold tolerance",,yes,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Schafer, ML; Lundstrom, JO","Schafer, Martina L.; Lundstrom, Jan O.",The present distribution and predicted geographic expansion of the floodwater mosquito Aedes sticticus in Sweden,JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY,"The mass emergence of floodwater mosquitoes, in particular Aedes sticticus and Aedes vexans, causes substantial nuisance and reduces life quality for inhabitants of infested areas and can have a negative impact on the socio-economic conditions of a region. We compared the previous, present, and predicted geographic distribution of Ae. sticticus in Sweden. Previous records from the literature until 1990 list the species in three out of 21 Swedish counties. Beginning in 1998, studies show that the present distribution of the species covers 11 counties, with highest abundances in an east-west belt in Central Sweden. Using climate data from the present and predicted climate scenarios, the expected distribution of Ae. sticticus in 2020, 2050, and 2080 could be modelled using GIS. As variables, mean temperatures and cumulative precipitation between May and August and degree slope were chosen. The predicted geographic distribution of Ae. sticticus will continue to increase and include 20 out of 21 Swedish counties. The expected temperature rise will increase the suitable area towards the northern part of Sweden by 2050. Some non-suitable areas can be found along the south-east coast due to insufficient amount of precipitation in 2050 and 2080. Modelling the expected distribution of a species using predicted climate change scenarios provides a valuable tool for risk assessments and early-warning systems that is easily applied to different species and scenarios. Journal of Vector Ecology 34 (1): 141-147. 2009.",,,2009,10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00017.x,yes,yes,yes,Other,thresholds,Occurrence,literature review,not specified,32,,not specified,sweden,National,Aedes,Ae. sticticus,"WorldClim (C, T)",mean temperature from May to August,"mean temperature from May to August, cumulative precipitation between may and August, degree slope",did not discuss variable contribution,did not discuss collinearity,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Caminade, C; Medlock, JM; Ducheyne, E; McIntyre, KM; Leach, S; Baylis, M; Morse, AP","Caminade, Cyril; Medlock, Jolyon M.; Ducheyne, Els; McIntyre, K. Marie; Leach, Steve; Baylis, Matthew; Morse, Andrew P.",Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: recent trends and future scenarios,JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE,"The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species that has the potential to transmit infectious diseases such as dengue and chikungunya fever. Using high-resolution observations and regional climate model scenarios for the future, we investigated the suitability of Europe for A. albopictus using both recent climate and future climate conditions. The results show that southern France, northern Italy, the northern coast of Spain, the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and western Turkey were climatically suitable areas for the establishment of the mosquito during the 1960-1980s. Over the last two decades, climate conditions have become more suitable for the mosquito over central northwestern Europe (Benelux, western Germany) and the Balkans, while they have become less suitable over southern Spain. Similar trends are likely in the future, with an increased risk simulated over northern Europe and slightly decreased risk over southern Europe. These distribution shifts are related to wetter and warmer conditions favouring the overwintering of A. albopictus in the north, and drier and warmer summers that might limit its southward expansion.","Morse, Andrew/0000-0002-0413-2065; Baylis, Matthew/0000-0003-0335-187X; Caminade, Cyril/0000-0002-3846-7082; McIntyre, Kirsty Marie/0000-0003-1360-122X",1742-5689,2012,10.1098/rsif.2012.0138,yes,yes,yes,Other,Multi-criterion decision analysis,Occurrence,ECDC/VBORNET Database,not specified,,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,ENSEMBLES European project (C),"min and max temperature at daily, monthly resolution, mean temperature","rainfall, temperature, min/max temperature at daily/monthly intervals from EC FP6 ENSEMBLES project",not discussed,no discussion of collinearity,yes,did future projections
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Drake, JM; Beier, JC","Drake, John M.; Beier, John C.",Ecological niche and potential distribution of Anopheles arabiensis in Africa in 2050,MALARIA JOURNAL,"Background: The future distribution of malaria in Africa is likely to be much more dependent on environmental conditions than the current distribution due to the effectiveness of indoor and therapeutic anti-malarial interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying for mosquitoes (IRS), artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT), and intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT). Future malaria epidemiology is therefore expected to be increasingly dominated by Anopheles arabiensis, which is the most abundant exophagic mosquito competent to transmit Plasmodium falciparum and exhibits a wide geographic range. Methods: To map the potential distribution of An. arabiensis in Africa, ecological niche models were fit to 20th century collection records. Many common species distribution modelling techniques aim to discriminate species habitat from the background distribution of environments. Since these methods arguably result in unnecessarily large Type I and Type II errors, LOBAG-OC was used to identify the niche boundary using only data on An. arabiensis occurrences. The future distribution of An. arabiensis in Africa was forecasted by projecting the fit model onto maps of simulated climate change following three climate change scenarios. Results: Ecological niche modelling revealed An. arabiensis to be a climate generalist in the sense that it can occur in most of Africa's contemporary environmental range. Under three climate change scenarios, the future distribution of An. arabiensis is expected to be reduced by 48%-61%. Map differences between baseline and projected climate suggest that habitat reductions will be especially extensive in Western and Central Africa; portions of Botswana, Namibia, and Angola in Southern Africa; and portions of Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, and Kenya in East Africa. The East African Rift Valley and Eastern Coast of Africa are expected to remain habitable. Some modest gains in habitat are predicted at the margins of the current range in South Sudan, South Africa, and Angola. Conclusion: In summary, these results suggest that the future potential distribution of An. arabiensis in Africa is likely to be smaller than the contemporary distribution by approximately half as a result of climate change. Agreement among the three modelling scenarios suggests that this outcome is robust to a wide range of potential climate futures.","Drake, John/0000-0003-4646-1235",,2014,10.1186/1475-2875-13-213,yes,yes,yes,Other,low bias bootstrap aggregation for one class data,Occurrence,Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa data clearinghouse,not specified,"307 total, 246 training, 61 testing",,not specified,Africa,Regional,Anopheles,An. arabiensis,"WorldClim (C), weather station measurements (C)","Bioclim, monthly averages","bioclim variables, average monthly minimum temperature, average monthly maximum temperature, average monthly precipitation, monthly temperature range, log transforms, ecdf transforms","maximum December temperature, minimum September temperature, minimum March temperature, precipitation in November, and annual precipitation",principal components analysis,yes,future models
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Capinha, C; Rocha, J; Sousa, CA","Capinha, Cesar; Rocha, Jorge; Sousa, Carla A.",Macroclimate Determines the Global Range Limit of Aedes aegypti,ECOHEALTH,"Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue and a number of other diseases worldwide. Because of the domestic nature of this mosquito, the relative importance of macroclimate in shaping its distribution has been a controversial issue. We have captured here the worldwide macroclimatic conditions occupied by A. aegypti in the last century. We assessed the ability of this information to predict the species' observed distribution using supra-continental spatially-uncorrelated data. We further projected the distribution of the colonized climates in the near future (2010-2039) under two climate-change scenarios. Our results indicate that the macroclimate is largely responsible for setting the maximum range limit of A. aegypti worldwide and that in the near future, relatively wide areas beyond this limit will receive macroclimates previously occupied by the species. By comparing our projections, with those from a previous model based strictly on species-climate relationships (i.e., excluding human influence), we also found support for the hypothesis that much of the species' range in temperate and subtropical regions is being sustained by artificial environments. Altogether, these findings suggest that, if the domestic environments commonly exploited by this species are available in the newly suitable areas, its distribution may expand considerably in the near future.","Rocha, Jorge/0000-0002-7228-6330; Capinha, Cesar/0000-0002-0666-9755; Sousa, Carla/0000-0002-2386-7577",1612-9202,2014,10.1007/s10393-014-0918-y,yes,yes,yes,Other,alpha shapes,Occurrence,"GBIF, Vector Map, literature review",not specified,1136,Only included sites that likely had persistent populations from 1901 to 2000,Not specified,Global,Global,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"WorldClim (C), CRU TS 3.1 (C)","mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldes month,","annual precipiation, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldes month",not discussed in detail,principal components analysis,yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Equihua, M; Ibanez-Bernal, S; Benitez, G; Estrada-Contreras, I; Sandoval-Ruiz, CA; Mendoza-Palmero, FS","Equihua, Miguel; Ibanez-Bernal, Sergio; Benitez, Griselda; Estrada-Contreras, Israel; Sandoval-Ruiz, Cesar A.; Mendoza-Palmero, Fredy S.",Establishment of Aedes aegypti (L.) in mountainous regions in Mexico: Increasing number of population at risk of mosquito-borne disease and future climate conditions,ACTA TROPICA,"The study was conducted in the central region of Veracruz Mexico, in the metropolitan area of Xalapa. It is a mountainous area where Aedes aegypti (L.) is not currently endemic. An entomological survey was done along an elevation gradient using the Ae. aegypti occurrences at different life cycle stages. Seven sites were sampled and a total of 24 mosquito species were recorded: 9 species were found in urban areas, 18 in non urban areas with remnant vegetation, and 3 occurred in both environments. Ae. aegypti was found only in the urban areas, usually below 1200 m a.s.I., but in this study was recorded for the first time at 1420 m a.s.l. These occurrences, together with additional distribution data in the state of Veracruz were used to developed species distribution models using Maxlike software in R to identify the current projected suitable areas for the establishment of this vector and the human populations that might be affected by dengue transmission at higher elevations. Its emergence in previously unsuitable places appears to be driven by both habitat destruction and biodiversity loss associated with biotic homogenization. A border study using data from the edges of the vector's distribution might allow sensitive monitoring to detect any changes in this mosquito's distribution pattern, and any changes in the anthropic drivers or climate that could increase transmission risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","Ibanez-Bernal, Sergio/0000-0002-3182-6134; Sandoval, Cesar/0000-0002-8322-5525; Eq, Miguel/0000-0001-5306-7397; Benitez, Griselda/0000-0002-1311-191X",0001-706X,2017,10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.014,yes,yes,yes,Other,MaxLike,Occurrence,larval sampling,dipping,121,,larvae,Mexico,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"not specified, citation provided but could not access","max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of the coldest month,","max temperature of warmest month, min temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of driest month","Bio5: maximum temperature of the warmest month, Bio6: minimum temperature of the coldest month, Bio13: precipitation of the wettest month and Bio14: precipitation of the driest month","correlation analysis, selected only 4 Bioclim variables",yes,did future projections
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Zheng, XL; Zhong, DB; He, YL; Zhou, GF","Zheng, Xueli; Zhong, Daibin; He, Yulan; Zhou, Guofa",Seasonality modeling of the distribution of Aedes albopictus in China based on climatic and environmental suitability,INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY,"Background Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species and a major vector of numerous viral pathogens. Many recent dengue fever outbreaks in China have been caused solely by the vector. Mapping of the potential distribution ranges of Ae. albopictus is crucial for epidemic preparedness and the monitoring of vector populations for disease control. Climate is a key factor influencing the distribution of the species. Despite field studies indicating seasonal population variations, very little modeling work has been done to analyze how environmental conditions influence the seasonality of Ae. albopictus. The aim of the present study was to develop a model based on available observations, climatic and environmental data, and machine learning methods for the prediction of the potential seasonal ranges of Ae. albopictus in China. Methods We collected comprehensive up-to-date surveillance data in China, particularly records from the northern distribution margin of Ae. albopictus. All records were assigned long-term (1970-2000) climatic data averages based on the WorldClim 2.0 data set. Machine learning regression tree models were developed using a 10-fold cross-validation method to predict the potential seasonal (or monthly) distribution ranges of Ae. albopictus in China at high resolution based on environmental conditions. The models were assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, using area under curve (AUC). WorldClim 2.0 and climatic and environmental data were used to produce environmental conduciveness (probability) prediction surfaces. Predicted probabilities were generated based on the averages of the 10 models. Results During 1998-2017, Ae. albopictus was observed at 200 out of the 242 localities surveyed. In addition, at least 15 new Ae. albopictus occurrence sites lay outside the potential ranges that have been predicted using models previously. The average accuracy was 98.4% (97.1-99.5%), and the average AUC was 99.1% (95.6-99.9%). The predicted Ae. albopictus distribution in winter (December-February) was limited to a small subtropical-tropical area of China, and Ae. albopictus was predicted to occur in northern China only during the short summer season (usually June-September). The predicted distribution areas in summer could reach northeastern China bordering Russia and the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwestern China. Ae. albopictus could remain active in expansive areas from central to southern China in October and November. Conclusions Climate and environmental conditions are key factors influencing the seasonal distribution of Ae. albopictus in China. The areas predicted to potentially host Ae. albopictus seasonally in the present study could reach northeastern China and the eastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results present new evidence and suggest the expansion of systematic vector population monitoring activities and regular re-assessment of epidemic risk potential.","Zheng, Xueli/0000-0003-0646-9398",2095-5162,2019,10.1186/s40249-019-0612-y,Yes,yes,yes,Other,Machine learning regression trees,Occurrence,national surveillance datasets,not specified,200,,not specified,China,National,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,WorldClim (C),Worldclim,"Worldclim monthly mean, min, max temp; total precipitation; climate-environmental zone class",not discussed,did not discuss collinearity,,looked at seasonal variation in possible range
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kerkow, A; Wieland, R; Koban, MB; Holker, F; Jeschke, JM; Werner, D; Kampen, H","Kerkow, Antje; Wieland, Ralf; Koban, Marcel B.; Hoelker, Franz; Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Werner, Doreen; Kampen, Helge",What makes the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus feel comfortable in Germany? A fuzzy modelling approach,PARASITES & VECTORS,"BackgroundThe Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is an invasive species native to East Asia and has become established in North America and Europe. On both continents, the species has spread over wide areas. Since it is a potential vector of human and livestock pathogens, distribution and dissemination maps are urgently needed to implement targeted surveillance and control in case of disease outbreaks. Previous distribution models for Europe and Germany in particular focused on climate data. Until now, effects of other environmental variables such as land use and wind remained unconsidered.ResultsIn order to better explain the distribution pattern of Ae. j. japonicus in Germany at a regional level, we have developed a nested approach that allows for the combination of data derived from (i) a climate model based on a machine-learning approach; (ii) a landscape model developed by means of ecological expert knowledge; and (iii) wind speed data. The approach is based on the fuzzy modelling technique that enables to precisely define the interactions between the three factors and additionally considers uncertainties with regard to the acceptance of certain environmental conditions. The model combines different spatial resolutions of data for Germany and achieves a much higher degree of accuracy than previous published distribution models. Our results reveal that a well-suited landscape structure can even facilitate the occurrence of Ae. j. japonicus in a climatically unsuitable region. Vice versa, unsuitable land use types such as agricultural landscapes and coniferous forests reduce the occurrence probability in climatically suitable regions.ConclusionsThe approach has significantly improved existing distribution models of Ae. j. japonicus for the area of Germany. We generated distribution maps with a resolution of 100x100 m that can serve as a basis for the design of control measures. All model input data and scripts are open source and freely available, so that the model can easily be applied to other countries or, more generally, to other species.","Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X; Jeschke, Jonathan M/0000-0003-3328-4217",1756-3305,2019,10.1186/s13071-019-3368-0,Yes,yes,yes,Other,fuzzy logic,Occurrence,national surveillance database,na,1110,,not specified,Germany,National,Aedes,Ae. japonicus,"Corine land cover (LC), ATKIS from State Survey Authority (LC), German Weather Service (C),","average monthly temperatures of september, october, december; average seasonal temperature of spring","average monthly temperatures of september, october, december; average seasonal temperature of spring; monthly precipitation sums of February, April, and June, autumn drought index; land use data from CORINE land cover database; wind data",not discussed in detail,did not discuss collinearity,yes,did future projections
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,L Gangoso; D Aragonés; J Martínez-de la Puente; J Lucientes; S Delacour-Estrella; R Estrada Peña; T Montalvo; R Bueno-Marí; D Bravo-Barriga; E Frontera; E Marqués; I Ruiz-Arrondo; A Muñoz ; J A Oteo; M A Miranda; C Barceló; M S Arias Vázquez; M I Silva-Torres; M Ferraguti; S Magallanes; J Muriel; A Marzal; C Aranda; S Ruiz; M A González; R Morchón; D Gómez-Barroso; J Figuerola,,Determinants of the current and future distribution of the West Nile virus mosquito vector Culex pipiens in Spain,ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH,"Changes in environmental conditions, whether related or not to human activities, are continuously modifying the geographic distribution of vectors, which in turn affects the dynamics and distribution of vector-borne infectious diseases. Determining the main ecological drivers of vector distribution and how predicted changes in these drivers may alter their future distributions is therefore of major importance. However, the drivers of vector populations are largely specific to each vector species and region. Here, we identify the most important human-activity-related and bioclimatic predictors affecting the current distribution and habitat suitability of the mosquito Culex pipiens and potential future changes in its distribution in Spain. We determined the niche of occurrence (NOO) of the species, which considers only those areas lying within the range of suitable environmental conditions using presence data. Although almost ubiquitous, the distribution of Cx. pipiens is mostly explained by elevation and the degree of urbanization but also, to a lesser extent, by mean temperatures during the wettest season and temperature seasonality. The combination of these predictors highlights the existence of a heterogeneous pattern of habitat suitability, with most suitable areas located in the southern and northeastern coastal areas of Spain, and unsuitable areas located at higher altitude and in colder regions. Future climatic predictions indicate a net decrease in distribution of up to 29.55%, probably due to warming and greater temperature oscillations. Despite these predicted changes in vector distribution, their effects on the incidence of infectious diseases are, however, difficult to forecast since different processes such as local adaptation to temperature, vector-pathogen interactions, and human-derived changes in landscape may play important roles in shaping the future dynamics of pathogen transmission.}",,0013-9351,2020,10.1016/j.envres.2020.109837,yes,yes,yes,Other,ModestR,Occurrence,"Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), BG-Sentinel, Encephalitis Vector Survey (EVS), gravid and oviposition traps","Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), BG-Sentinel, Encephalitis Vector Survey (EVS), gravid and oviposition traps, aspirators for adult mosquito sampling, and dippers for larvae sampling",6755,,adults and larvae,Spain (except Canary Islands),National,Culex,Culex pipiens,"WorldClim (C), ASTER Global DEM (T), Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (LC)",Worldclim,"Bio 1-19, the degree of imperviousness (HRL_ImperviousnessDensity_2015), tree cover density (HRL_TCD_2015_DL), the grassland vegetation probability index (HRL_GrasslandProbabilityIndex_2015), the wetness probability index (HRL_WaterWetnessProbabilityIndex_2015)","Altitude (m), Mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio_08),Temperature seasonality (Bio_04), Water and wetness index, Mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio_09), Isothermality (Bio_03), Precipitation seasonality (Bio_15), Tree cover density, Precipitation of coldest quarter (Bio_19), Grassland probability index, Mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio_08), Annual mean diurnal range (Bio_02), Mean temperature of driest quarter (Bio_09)Isothermality (Bio_03), Precipitation seasonality(Bio_15), Precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio_19)",Variance Inflation Factor (<5),yes,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Bayoh, MN; Thomas, CJ; Lindsay, SW","Bayoh, MN; Thomas, CJ; Lindsay, SW",Mapping distributions of chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa using climate data,MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY,"The mosquito Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae), the principal vector of malaria in West Africa, comprises several chromosomal forms (e.g. Bissau, Forest, Mopti, Savanna) associated with climatic zones. Here we show how climate data can be used to map the geographical distribution of these chromosomal forms. The climate at 144 sites surveyed for mosquitoes in West Africa between 1971 and 92 was determined using computerized climate surfaces. Forest and Bissau forms occurred at relatively wet sites: median annual precipitation 1325 mm and 1438 mm, respectively, interquartile ranges (IQR) 1144-1858 mm and 1052-1825 mm), whilst the Mopti form was found at dry sites (annual 938 mm, IQR 713-1047 mm) and the Savanna form at sites intermediate between the wet and dry forms (annual 1067 mm, IQR 916-1279). Logistic regression analyses of the climate variables were carried out on a stratified random sample of half the sites. The resulting models correctly classified over 80% of the sites for presence or absence of each chromosomal form. When these models were tested against excluded sites they were also correct at over 80% of sites. The combined data produced models that were correct at over 86% of sites. Mean annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, minimum temperature and maximum temperature were the most important climate variables correlated with the distribution of these forms of An. gambiae. We used the logistic models to map the distribution of each chromosomal form within the reported range for An. gambiae s.s. in West Africa employing a geographical information system. Our maps indicate that each chromosomal form favours particular climate envelopes in well-defined ecoclimatic zones, although these forms are sympatric at the edges of their ranges. This study demonstrates that climate can be used to map the distribution of chromosomal forms of insects across large areas.","Thomas, Christopher J./0000-0003-4939-9959",0269-283X,2001,10.1046/j.0269-283x.2001.00298.x,Yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,literature review,na,"144; 72 used for training, 72 used for testing",,not specified,West Africa,Regional,Anopheles,"Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto four chromosomal forms: Bissau, Forest, Mopti, Savanna",SCT - spatial characterization tool (C),"mean monthly minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature","mean annual monthly precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, mean minimum temperature, mean maxium temperature","Mean annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, minimum temperature and maximum temperature",no discussion of collinearity,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Kuhn, KG; Campbell-Lendrum, DH; Davies, CR","Kuhn, KG; Campbell-Lendrum, DH; Davies, CR",A continental risk map for malaria mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) vectors in Europe,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Although malaria was officially declared eradicated from Europe in 1975, its former vectors, mainly members of the Anopheles maculipennis (Meigen) complex, are still distributed throughout the continent. The present situation of Anophelism without malaria indicates that current socio-economic and environmental conditions maintain the basic case reproduction number, Ro, below 1. Recently, it has been speculated that predicted climate changes may increase anopheline abundance and biting rates (as well as reduce the Plasmodium parasite extrinsic incubation period), allowing the reemergence of malaria transmission in Europe. As a preliminary step toward predicting future scenarios, we have constructed models to test whether the current distribution of the five former European malaria vectors [An. atroparvus (Van Thiel), An. labranchiae (Falleroni), An. messeae (Swellengrebel & De Buck), An. sacharovi (Favr) and An. superpictus (Grassi)] can be explained by environmental parameters, including climate. Multivariate logistic regression models using climate surfaces derived from interpolation of meteorological station data (resolution 0.5 X 0.5degrees) and remotely sensed land cover (resolution I X 1 km) were fitted to 1,833 reported observations of the presence and absence of each species across Europe. These relatively crude statistical models predicted presence and absence with a sensitivity of 74-85.7% and specificity of 73.4-98.1% (with climate a significantly better predictor than land cover type). A geographically independent validation of the models gave a sensitivity of 72.9-88.5% and a specificity of 72.7-99.6%. This allowed us to generate risk maps for each species across Europe. Assuming that high risk equates with the potential for high abundance, these models should permit the development of risk maps for European mosquitoes under future climate scenarios. These techniques would be equally useful for estimating the risk of reemergence in other nonendemic areas such as the United States and Australia, as well as changes to risk within endemic areas.",,0022-2585,2002,10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.621,Yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,literature review,na,an atroparvus 974; an messeae 868; 329 an labranchiae; 200 an sacharovi; 412 an superpictus,,not specified,Europe,Regional,Anopheles,"An. atroparvus (Van Thiel), An. labranchiae (Falleroni), An. messeae (Swellengrebel & De Buck), An. sacharovi (Favr) and An. superpictus (Grassi)","CRU 1901-1995 Monthly Climate Time - Series (C), USGS EROS Eurasia Land Cover Characteristics Data Base (LC)","minimum of average temperature, maximum of average temperature, average of average temperature","minimum of average temperature, maximum of average temperature, average of average temperature, total annual precipitation, minimum of avg cloud cover, max of avg cloud cover, avg of avg cloud cover, minimum of avg diurnal temperature range, maximum of the avg diurnal temperature range, avg of the avg diurnal temperature range, minimum of wet day frequency, max avg wet day frequency, avg of the avg wet day frequency, land voer type",minimum temperature predictive for all 5 species;,no discussion of collinearity,no,used backward selection
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Diuk-Wasser, MA; Brown, HE; Andreadis, TG; Fish, D","Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.; Brown, Heidi E.; Andreadis, Theodore G.; Fish, Durland","Modeling the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors for West Nile virus in Connecticut, USA",VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES,"The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of infected vector mosquitoes in a given area. Current technology for estimating vector distribution and abundance is primarily based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap collections, which provide only point data. In order to estimate mosquito abundance in areas not sampled by traps, we developed logistic regression models for five mosquito species implicated as the most likely vectors of WNV in Connecticut. Using data from 32 traps in Fairfield County from 2001 to 2003, the models were developed to predict high and low abundance for every 30 X 30 m pixel in the County. They were then tested with an independent dataset from 16 traps in adjacent New Haven County. Environmental predictors of abundance were extracted from remotely sensed data. The best predictive models included non-forested areas for Culex pipiens, surface water and distance to estuaries for Cx. salinarius, surface water and grasslands/agriculture for Aedes vexans and seasonal difference in the normalized difference vegetation index and distance to palustrine habitats for Culiseta melanura. No significant predictors were found for Cx. restuans. The sensitivity of the models ranged from 75% to 87.5% and the specificity from 75% to 93.8%. In New Haven County, the models correctly classified 81.3% of the traps for Cx. pipiens, 75.0% for Cx. salinarius, 62.5% for Ae. vexans, and 75.0% for Cs. melanura. Continuous surface maps of habitat suitability were generated for each species for both counties, which could contribute to future surveillance and intervention activities.","Brown, Heidi/0000-0001-8578-5510",1530-3667,2006,10.1089/vbz.2006.6.283,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,adult sampling,CDC light traps,24 sites per species,"24 sites with ""high abundance""; 24 with ""low abundance"" as the negatives",adults,United States,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex pipiens, Cx. salinarius, Aedes vexans, Culiseta melanura","Connecticut DEP LULC (LC), USFWS National Wetlands Inventory (LC), US Census (POP), Landsat (LC)",no,"impervious surface, residential, commercial, forest, grasslands/agriculture, water, wetlands, palustrine wetlands, distance to palustrine wetlands, estuarine wetlands, distance to estuaries, population density, March/September NDVI, difference between March/September NDVI; NDVI variance, middlre infrared",Cx pipiens forest; cx salinarius water and distance to estuaries; ae vexans water and grasslands/agriculture; cs melanura NDVI difference and distance to palustrine,removed from pairs with spearman rank correlation > 0.75,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Tran, A; Poncon, N; Toty, C; Linard, C; Guis, H; Ferre, JB; Lo Seen, D; Roger, F; de la Rocque, S; Fontenille, D; Baldet, T","Tran, Annelise; Poncon, Nicolas; Toty, Celine; Linard, Catherine; Guis, Helene; Ferre, Jean-Baptiste; Lo Seen, Danny; Roger, Francois; de la Rocque, Stephane; Fontenille, Didier; Baldet, Thierry",Using remote sensing to map larval and adult populations of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera : Culicidae) a potential malaria vector in Southern France,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS,"Background: Although malaria disappeared from southern France more than 60 years ago, suspicions of recent autochthonous transmission in the French Mediterranean coast support the idea that the area could still be subject to malaria transmission. The main potential vector of malaria in the Camargue area, the largest river delta in southern France, is the mosquito Anopheles hyrcanus ( Diptera: Culicidae). In the context of recent climatic and landscape changes, the evaluation of the risk of emergence or re-emergence of such a major disease is of great importance in Europe. When assessing the risk of emergence of vector-borne diseases, it is crucial to be able to characterize the arthropod vector's spatial distribution. Given that remote sensing techniques can describe some of the environmental parameters which drive this distribution, satellite imagery or aerial photographs could be used for vector mapping. Results: In this study, we propose a method to map larval and adult populations of An. hyrcanus based on environmental indices derived from high spatial resolution imagery. The analysis of the link between entomological field data on An. hyrcanus larvae and environmental indices (biotopes, distance to the nearest main productive breeding sites of this species i.e., rice fields) led to the definition of a larval index, defined as the probability of observing An. hyrcanus larvae in a given site at least once over a year. Independent accuracy assessments showed a good agreement between observed and predicted values (sensitivity and specificity of the logistic regression model being 0.76 and 0.78, respectively). An adult index was derived from the larval index by averaging the larval index within a buffer around the trap location. This index was highly correlated with observed adult abundance values (Pearson r = 0.97, p < 0.05). This allowed us to generate predictive maps of An. hyrcanus larval and adult populations from the landscape indices. Conclusion: This work shows that it is possible to use high resolution satellite imagery to map malaria vector spatial distribution. It also confirms the potential of remote sensing to help target risk areas, and constitutes a first essential step in assessing the risk of re-emergence of malaria in southern France.","Seen, Danny Lo/0000-0002-7773-2109; /0000-0001-5073-6217; ROGER, FRANCOIS/0000-0002-1573-6833; Tran, Annelise/0000-0001-5463-332X",1476-072X,2008,10.1186/1476-072X-7-9,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,occurrence,larval sampling,standard dipping,80,"also did adult abundance, but different analysis",larvae,France,Sub-national,Anopheles,an. Hyrcanus,Landsat (LC),no,land cover classes; mosquito control data,"rice fields, marshes associated with presence",no discussion of collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cardo, MV; Vezzani, D; Carbajo, AE","Cardo, M. V.; Vezzani, D.; Carbajo, A. E.","Environmental Predictors of the Occurrence of Ground Water Mosquito Immatures in the Parana Lower Delta, Argentina",JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Characterizing mosquito larval habitats is essential for understanding the complex interactions between immatures and the biotic and abiotic components of their environment. Using generalized linear mixed models, we studied the environmental predictors of the presence of three ubiquitous mosquito species breeding in ground water habitats in the Parana Lower Delta, Argentina. During a year-round survey, 34.1% of the 419 ground water habitats inspected were positive for either Culex dolosus s.l. (Lynch Arribalzaga 1891), Aedes crinifer (Theobald 1903), or Culex intrincatus Brethes 1916. Univariate analysis showed that the former two occurred throughout the year, whereas the latter during the summer and fall. Ae. crinifer and Cx. intrincatus were more frequently collected in secondary forests, whereas Cx. dolosus s.l. was homogeneously distributed among land uses. Best generalized linear mixed models included the sampling period and landscape variables in different combinations for each species. Spatial dependence of the data was evident for Cx. dolosus s.l. and Ae. crinifer. Our results showed that the most widespread species presented different spatio-temporal distribution patterns, related with land use, anthropic intervention, and seasonality, highlighting the complexity of the wetland under study. This methodological approach could aid in the selection of priority areas for vector control and disease risk management.","Vezzani, Dario/0000-0002-6124-4418; Cardo, Maria/0000-0001-9779-2208",0022-2585,2011,10.1603/ME11046,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,larval sampling,not specified,70 Cx dolosus; 53 Ae crinifer; 49 Cx intricatus,419 ground water sites inspected,larvae,Argentina,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex dolosus, Aedes crinifer, Culex intrincatus","Field data (LC), Google Earth (LC), Kandus et al 2006 (LC)",No,"Sampling period, water area, forest, herbaceous, peridomestic, pajonal, plantation, reed, open water cover in 100 m buffer; time to main port","Site type, sampling period, and herbacous cover most important for Ae. crinifer; Pajonal cover, sampling period, and time to port most important for Culex dolosus; Sampling period, time to port, site type, herbaceous cover, and pajona cover",,no,Pajonal is a patchy landscape of scirpus giganteus
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cailly, P; Balenghien, T; Ezanno, P; Fontenille, D; Toty, C; Tran, A","Cailly, Priscilla; Balenghien, Thomas; Ezanno, Pauline; Fontenille, Didier; Toty, Celine; Tran, Annelise","Role of the repartition of wetland breeding sites on the spatial distribution of Anopheles and Culex, human disease vectors in Southern France",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: In this study, carried out in the Camargue region (France), we combined entomological data with geomatic and modelling tools to assess whether the location of breeding sites may explain the spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes. The species studied are important and competent disease vectors in Europe: Culex modestus Ficalbi and Cx. pipiens Linnaeus (West Nile virus), Anopheles atroparvus Van Thiel, a former Plasmodium vector, and An. melanoon Hackett, competent to transmit Plasmodium. Using a logistic regression model, we first evaluated which land cover variables determined the presence of Culex and Anopheles larva. The resulting probability map of larval presence then was used to project the average probability of finding adults in a buffer area. This was compared to the actual number of adults collected, providing a quantitative assessment of adult dispersal ability for each species. Results: The distribution of Cx. modestus and An. melanoon is mainly driven by the repartition of irrigated farm fields and reed beds, their specific breeding habitats. The presence of breeding sites explained the distribution of adults of both species. The buffer size, reflecting the adult dispersal ability, was 700 m for Cx. modestus and 1000 m for An. melanoon. The comparatively stronger correlation observed for Cx. modestus suggested that other factors may affect the distribution of adult An. melanoon. We did not find any association between Cx. pipiens larval presence and the biotope due to the species' ubiquist character. Conclusion: By applying the same method to different species, we highlighted different strengths of association between land cover (irrigated farm fields and reed beds), larval presence and adult population distribution. This paper demonstrates the power of geomatic tools to quantify the spatial organization of mosquito populations, and allows a better understanding of links between landcover, breeding habitats, presence of immature mosquito populations and adult distributions for different species.","Ezanno, Pauline/0000-0002-0034-8950; /0000-0001-5073-6217; Tran, Annelise/0000-0001-5463-332X",1756-3305,2011,10.1186/1756-3305-4-65,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,larval sampling,"Standard dipping, CDC light traps",Not specified,"80 larval sites visited, also looked at larval suitability and adult abundance",adults and larvae,France,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, Anopheles melanoon",Landsat (LC),no,"land cover types rice fields, reed beds, Scirpus marshes, temporarily flooded rush wetland, clear water",Rice field and reed bed associated with Cx modestus and An melanoon; no association with Cx pipiens,no discussion of collinearity,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Hongoh, V; Berrang-Ford, L; Scott, ME; Lindsay, LR","Hongoh, V.; Berrang-Ford, L.; Scott, M. E.; Lindsay, L. R.","Expanding geographical distribution of the mosquito, Culex pipiens, in Canada under climate change",APPLIED GEOGRAPHY,"An important first step in assessing the possible effects of climate change on the risk of mosquito-borne disease in Canada requires an understanding of the potential shifts in the geographic range of mosquito populations under projected future climate. Risk maps of potential habitat suitability of the mosquito Culex pipiens, an important vector of West Nile and other arboviruses, were created using logistic regression models under conditions of current and projected climate. Current predictions for Culex pipiens distribution are that suitable climatic conditions for the species can be found in southern Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and southern parts of Newfoundland and Labrador. Projected ranges of the mosquito were obtained using output from models of the Coupled Global Climate Model of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model. Using both models, predictions of Culex pipiens range expansion were found for areas further north of the current estimated distribution in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador as well as increasing potential habitat suitability in parts of the prairies (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta) from the 2020s through to 2080s. The degree of range expansion varied according to the greenhouse gas emissions scenario ('A2' - high emissions scenario and 'B1' - low emissions scenario) used in calibrating the climate models. These findings suggest that through its effects on Culex pipiens survival and geographic range, climate change may broaden the range of some mosquito-borne pathogens and as a result expose new human populations to these disease-causing agents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","Berrang Ford, Lea/0000-0001-9216-8035; Lindsay, Robbin/0000-0001-7236-2930",0143-6228,2012,10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.015,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,adult sampling,"CO2-baited CDC light traps, gravid traps or New Jersey light traps",1133,also had 1646 absence points,adults,Canada,Sub-national,Culex,Culex pipiens,"Natural Resources Canada weather stations (C), AVHRR (LC)","Natural Resources Canada annual mean min max temperature, max temperature of warmest period, warmest and coldes quarter","Number of growing day, mean, min, max annual temperature, annual mean precip, annual temperature range, monthly mean precipitation, max temperature of the warmest period",annual mean temperature greatest coefficient,removed from pairs with spearman rank correlation > 0.8,yes,used sites where there were repeat visits and no cx pipiens as absences
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Moiroux, N; Bio-Bangana, AS; Djenontin, A; Chandre, F; Corbel, V; Guis, H","Moiroux, Nicolas; Bio-Bangana, Abdul S.; Djenontin, Armel; Chandre, Fabrice; Corbel, Vincent; Guis, Helene","Modelling the risk of being bitten by malaria vectors in a vector control area in southern Benin, west Africa",PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: The diversity of malaria vector populations, expressing various resistance and/or behavioural patterns could explain the reduced effectiveness of vector control interventions reported in some African countries. A better understanding of the ecology and distribution of malaria vectors is essential to design more effective and sustainable strategies for malaria control and elimination. Here, we analyzed the spatio-temporal risk of the contact between humans and the sympatric An. funestus and both M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae s.s. in an area of Benin with high coverage of vector control measures with an unprecedented level of resolution. Methods: Presence-absence data for the three vectors from 1-year human-landing collections in 19 villages were assessed using binomial mixed-effects models according to vector control measures and environmental covariates derived from field and remote sensing data. After 8-fold cross-validations of the models, predictive maps of the risk of the contact between humans and the sympatric An. funestus and both molecular M and S forms of An. gambiae s.s. were computed. Results: Model validations showed that the An. funestus, An. gambiae M form, and S form models provided an excellent (Area Under Curve>0.9), a good (AUC>0.8), and an acceptable (AUC>0.7) level of prediction, respectively. The distribution area of the probability of contact between human and An. funestus largely overlaps that of An. gambiae M form but this latter showed important seasonal variation. An. gambiae S form also showed seasonal variation but with different ecological preferences. Landscape data were useful to discriminate between the species' distributions. Conclusions: These results showed that available remote sensing data could help in predicting the human-vector contact for several species of malaria vectors at a village level scale. The predictive maps showed seasonal and spatial variations in the risk of human-vector contact for all three vectors. Such maps could help Malaria Control Programmes to implement more effective vector control strategy by taking into account to the dynamics of malaria vector species.","Moiroux, Nicolas/0000-0001-6755-6167; Chandre, Fabrice/0000-0002-1994-9705",1756-3305,2013,10.1186/1756-3305-6-71,yes,yes,yes,Regression,binomial mixed-effect model,Occurrence,human landing catch,Human landing catch,19,,adults,Benin,Sub-national,Anopheles,"An. Funestus, An. gambiae","MODIS (C, LC), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (C), SPOTDEM (T), digitized soils map, SPOT-5 (LC)",MODIS LST,"MODIS LST, MODIS NDVI, TRMM, DEM, Land cover percentage, number of patches, edge length, diversity, area and pop density of village, spin and depth of village, cattle farms","Cumulative rainfall, number of rainy days, temperature preceding collection, NDVI important predictors",VIF threshold,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cardo, MV; Vezzani, D; Rubio, A; Carbajo, AE","Victoria Cardo, Maria; Vezzani, Dario; Rubio, Alejandra; Carbajo, Anibal E.",Integrating demographic and meteorological data in urban ecology: a case study of container-breeding mosquitoes in temperate Argentina,AREA,"Cities are unique ecosystems emerging and growing worldwide due to ongoing urbanising trends. The urban-rural gradient is an excellent setting to evaluate the effect of urbanisation on the distribution of species, a matter of public health concern in the case of disease vectors. Despite this, such distributions are affected by other co-occurring variables, mainly meteorological, that may be confounded by the urbanisation gradient due to the urban heat island effect and maritime climatological conditions in the case of coastal cities. To aid in the design of ecological studies within the urban-rural transition zone, a mapping protocol was designed and applied to Buenos Aires City and its surroundings. Based on road density and district-level population counts, a detailed (1km(2) pixel) urbanisation map was obtained which, combined with a temperature map, rendered a final urbanisation x temperature product with six classes. The resulting zonation was tested by modelling the distribution of the vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens in artificial containers. The selected model explained the occurrence of mosquitoes 59% better than chance as a function of the urbanisation x temperature categories and the natural lighting condition of the container. This novel zonation approach allows partitioning of environmental heterogeneity prior to the selection of study sites to avoid confounding gradients and provides multiple advantages, such as making comparisons across cities easier, extrapolating the results of site-scale experiments and identifying priority areas for control measures.","Vezzani, Dario/0000-0002-6124-4418; Cardo, Maria/0000-0001-9779-2208",0004-0894,2014,10.1111/area.12071,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,tire sampling,tire sampling,182,Sampled 2038 tires from 279 sites; did not model species separately,larvae,Argentina,Sub-national,Multiple,Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens,"UrbanStreetMap/Census data (LC, POP), National Meteorological Service weather stations (C)",11 stations from National Meteorological Service; interpolated using spline type tension,Temperature as continuous and categorical; urbanization as continuous or categorical; lighting as categorical,Best model was urbanization x temperature as categorical variables and lighting condition,,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Fossog, BT; Ayala, D; Acevedo, P; Kengne, P; Mebuy, INA; Makanga, B; Magnus, J; Awono-Ambene, P; Njiokou, F; Pombi, M; Antonio-Nkondjio, C; Paupy, C; Besansky, NJ; Costantini, C","Fossog, Billy Tene; Ayala, Diego; Acevedo, Pelayo; Kengne, Pierre; Mebuy, Ignacio Ngomo Abeso; Makanga, Boris; Magnus, Julie; Awono-Ambene, Parfait; Njiokou, Flobert; Pombi, Marco; Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe; Paupy, Christophe; Besansky, Nora J.; Costantini, Carlo",Habitat segregation and ecological character displacement in cryptic African malaria mosquitoes,EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS,"Understanding how divergent selection generates adaptive phenotypic and population diversification provides a mechanistic explanation of speciation in recently separated species pairs. Towards this goal, we sought ecological gradients of divergence between the cryptic malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and An.gambiae and then looked for a physiological trait that may underlie such divergence. Using a large set of occurrence records and eco-geographic information, we built a distribution model to predict the predominance of the two species across their range of sympatry. Our model predicts two novel gradients along which the species segregate: distance from the coastline and altitude. Anopheles coluzzii showed a bimodal' distribution, predominating in xeric West African savannas and along the western coastal fringe of Africa. To test whether differences in salinity tolerance underlie this habitat segregation, we assessed the acute dose-mortality response to salinity of thirty-two larval populations from Central Africa. In agreement with its coastal predominance, Anopheles coluzzii was overall more tolerant than An.gambiae. Salinity tolerance of both species, however, converged in urban localities, presumably reflecting an adaptive response to osmotic stress from anthropogenic pollutants. When comparing degree of tolerance in conjunction with levels of syntopy, we found evidence of character displacement in this trait.","Ayala, Diego/0000-0003-4726-580X; Acevedo, Pelayo/0000-0002-3509-7696; Paupy, Christophe/0000-0002-7122-2079; Costantini, Carlo/0000-0003-1016-129X; MAKANGA, Boris Kevin MBK/0000-0003-1172-6109; Pombi, Marco/0000-0002-4382-9922",1752-4571,2015,10.1111/eva.12242,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,published and unpublished sources,not specified,"669 an coluzzi, 989 an gambiae",,not specified,West Africa,Regional,Anopheles,Anopheles coluzzii and An.gambiae,"WorldClim (C, T), MODIS (LC), NOAA (LC)","annual mean temperature, mean temperature of wettest quarter","latitude, longitude, lat x long, distance to coast, annual mean temp, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter, number of months with rainfall, elevation, mean annual NDVI, annual variation NDVI, night light intensity","modelled probability of finding one species relative to the other; an coluzzi most likely in xeric savannas at high w. africa latitude, while gambiae in central moist forest/savanna mosaic/rainforest, highlands",no discussion of collinearity,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Roiz, D; Ruiz, S; Soriguer, R; Figuerola, J","Roiz, David; Ruiz, Santiago; Soriguer, Ramon; Figuerola, Jordi","Landscape Effects on the Presence, Abundance and Diversity of Mosquitoes in Mediterranean Wetlands",PLOS ONE,"Environment determines the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases in that it influences the vector-host-pathogen transmission cycle, including vector distribution, abundance and diversity. In this study, we analyse the relationship between environmental variables estimated by remote sensing and the spatial distribution (presence, abundance and diversity) of seven mosquito species vectors of West Nile and other pathogens (Usutu, avian malaria and dirofilariasis) in the Donana Natural Park, Spain. Traps were distributed over an area of 54,984 ha divided into six ecological units: marshland, sand dunes, scrubland, ricefields, crops and fishponds. We collected mosquitoes once a month from up to 112 locations using BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-lure and CO2 during March-November 2010. Hydroperiod, NDVI and Inundation surface were estimated at several resolution scales (100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 metres) from corrected and normalized Landsat Images. We sampled 972,346 female mosquitoes, the most abundant species being Culex theileri, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex modestus, Culex perexiguus, Culex pipiens, Anopheles atroparvus and Ochlerotatus detritus. Our results suggest that: (1) hydroperiod, inundation surface and NDVI are strongly related to the spatial distribution of mosquitoes; (2) the spatial scales used to measure these variables affected quantification of these relationships, the larger scale being more informative; (3) these relationships are species-specific; (4) hydroperiod is negatively related to mosquito presence and richness; (5) Culex abundance is positively related to hydroperiod; (6) NDVI is positively related to mosquito diversity, presence and abundance, except in the case of the two salt marsh species (Oc. caspius and Oc. detritus); and (7) inundation surfaces positively condition the abundance and richness of most species except the salt marsh mosquitoes. Remote sensing data provided reliable information for monitoring mosquito populations. Landscape significantly affected mosquito distribution and abundance, and as a result may alter disease risk. These results suggest that while environmental conditions affect the distribution and abundance of mosquitoes, other factors such as human modification of landscapes may give rise to significant changes in mosquito populations and consequently disease risk.","Figuerola, Jordi/0000-0002-4664-9011; Roiz, David/0000-0002-5819-3648; Soriguer, Ramon/0000-0002-9165-7766",1932-6203,2015,10.1371/journal.pone.0128112,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,adult sampling,BG-Sentinel trap baited with BG-lure,64 Oc. Detritus; 99 Oc. Caspius; 111 Cx. Theileri; 86 Cx pipiens; 91 Cx modestus; 94 Cx. Perexiguus; 77 An. Atroparvus,112 sites visited,adults,Spain,Sub-national,Multiple,"Culex theileri, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex modestus, Culex perexiguus, Culex pipiens, Anopheles atroparvus and Ochlerotatus detritus",Landsat (LC),No,"mean annual hydroperiod, NDVI, landscape unit","Hydroperiod negatively related to presence of all except Culex modestus; NDVI positive with Cx. Perexiguns, pipiens, An. Atroparvus, but negative with Cx modestus, OC caspius, Oc detritus. 2000 m buffer provided best fitting models for most",,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Cianci, D; Hartemink, N; Zeimes, CB; Vanwambeke, SO; Ienco, A; Caputo, B","Cianci, Daniela; Hartemink, Nienke; Zeimes, Caroline B.; Vanwambeke, Sophie O.; Ienco, Annamaria; Caputo, Beniamino",High Resolution Spatial Analysis of Habitat Preference of Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Urban Environment,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY,"Over the past decades, the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895)) has emerged in many countries, and it has colonized new environments, including urban areas. The species is a nuisance and a potential vector of several human pathogens, and a better understanding of the habitat preferences of the species is needed for help in successful prevention and control. So far, the habitat preference in urban environments has not been studied in Southern European cities. In this paper, spatial statistical models were used to evaluate the relationship between egg abundances and land cover types on the campus of Sapienza University in Rome, which is taken as an example of a European urban habitat. Predictor variables included land cover types, classified in detail on a high resolution image, as well as solar radiation and month of capture. The models account for repeated measures in the same trap and are adjusted for meteorological circumstances. Vegetation and solar radiation were found to be positively related to the number of eggs. More specifically, trees were positively related to the number of eggs and the relationship with grass was negative. These findings are consistent with the species' known preference for shaded areas. The unexpected positive relationship with solar radiation is amply discussed in the paper. This study represents a first step toward a better understanding of the spatial distribution of Ae. albopictus in urban environments.","Caputo, Beniamino/0000-0002-5650-8773; Vanwambeke, Sophie/0000-0001-6620-6173; Ienco, Annamaria/0000-0001-8260-1528; hartemink, nienke/0000-0001-9820-7699",0022-2585,2015,10.1093/jme/tjv026,yes,yes,yes,Regression,GLM,Abundance,ovitraps,Ovitraps,"55 sites, unclear how many positive",,eggs,Italy,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. albopictus,"LC (source not specified), wunderground.com weather station data (C)",solar radiation,"land cover types, solar radiation, month, max temp, humidity, precipitation","Solar radiation, grass/trees land cover, month of collection (Aug, Sept, Oct)",did not discuss collinearity,no,study done on university campus
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Adde, A; Dusfour, I; Roux, E; Girod, R; Briolant, S","Adde, Antoine; Dusfour, Isabelle; Roux, Emmanuel; Girod, Romain; Briolant, Sebastien","Anopheles fauna of coastal Cayenne, French Guiana: modelling and mapping of species presence using remotely sensed land cover data",MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ,"Little is known about the Anopheles species of the coastal areas of French Guiana, or their spatiotemporal distribution or environmental determinants. The present study aimed to (1) document the distribution of Anopheles fauna in the coastal area around Cayenne, and (2) investigate the use of remotely sensed land cover data as proxies of Anopheles presence. To characterise the Anopheles fauna, we combined the findings of two entomological surveys that were conducted during the period 2007-2009 and in 2014 at 37 sites. Satellite imagery data were processed to extract land cover variables potentially related to Anopheles ecology. Based on these data, a methodology was formed to estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-seasonal variations in the presence of Anopheles in the Cayenne region. Two Anopheles species, known as main malaria vectors in South America, were identified, including the more dominant An. aquasalis near town and rural sites, and An. darlingi only found in inland sites. Furthermore, a cross-validated model of An. aquasalis presence that integrated marsh and forest surface area was extrapolated to generate predictive maps. The present study supports the use of satellite imagery by health authorities for the surveillance of malaria vectors and planning of control strategies.","Roux, Emmanuel/0000-0003-2266-8207; Dusfour, Isabelle/0000-0002-5265-8432",0074-0276,2016,10.1590/0074-02760160272,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,adult sampling,"Human landing catch, mosquito magnet traps",16 An aquasalis,"human landing, mosquito magnet",adults,French Guiana,Sub-national,Anopheles,An. Aquasalis,SPOT-5 (LC),no,"land cover types built, roads and bare soil, low vegetation, forest, mangrove, marsh, beach, open water, ocean, extracted from 100,200,300,400,500 m buffer sites","surface area with marsh 400 m buffer, surface area forest 400 m buffer, surface area roads/bare soil 200 m",selected the variable that maximised the log-likelihood and was the most ecologically relevant,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Heersink, DK; Meyers, J; Caley, P; Barnett, G; Trewin, B; Hurst, T; Jansen, C","Heersink, Daniel K.; Meyers, Jacqui; Caley, Peter; Barnett, Guy; Trewin, Brendan; Hurst, Tim; Jansen, Cassie",Statistical modeling of a larval mosquito population distribution and abundance in residential Brisbane,JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE,"Container-inhabiting mosquitoes such as Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus are potential vectors of a number of arboviruses of significance to human health and domestic animals. To assess the risk of mosquito-borne viruses, residential properties were surveyed for mosquito larvae within the Brisbane area during 2010-2012. A two-stage modeling approach was used to model both the presence/absence of Ae. notoscriptus larvae and abundance of larvae when present. Results indicate the total number of wet containers found on a property is the main driving factor of both presence/absence and abundance of Ae. notoscriptus larvae. The generalized additive modeling approach used indicates more standard logistic regression and odds ratios may overestimate the importance of common covariates. The two-stage modeling also potentially allows for predictions of Ae. notoscriptus abundance and common risk indices that are not possible using traditional logistic regression. Factors influencing the number of wet containers are explored with a view toward risk mitigation.","Jansen, Cassie C/0000-0002-0655-2725; Barnett, Guy/0000-0002-4991-9427; Meyers, Jacqui/0000-0001-8278-9903; Caley, Peter/0000-0002-8077-6460; Trewin, Brendan/0000-0002-7244-4044",1612-4758,2016,10.1007/s10340-015-0680-0,yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,larval sampling,not specified,,,larvae,Australia,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. notoscriptus,"Bureau of Meteorology (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), WorldView2/LiDAR (LC), Landsat (LC), DigitalGlobe (LC), Brisbane City Council (LC), Australian Census of Population and Housing (POP)",no temperature,"total rainfall over the previous 7 day and previous 120 days; total number of dry, wet containers on property, elevation, distance to nearest pond, mean NDVI within 300 m, percentage tree cover 50 and 300 m buffer, percentage impervious surface in 50 m buffer",probability of presence most influence by the number of water-holding containers on a property,variance inflation factor less than 3,no,model included data that wouldn't be available in raster form for spatial predictions
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Baldacchino, F; Marcantonio, M; Manica, M; Marini, G; Zorer, R; Delucchi, L; Arnoldi, D; Montarsi, F; Capelli, G; Rizzoli, A; Rosa, R","Baldacchino, Frederic; Marcantonio, Matteo; Manica, Mattia; Marini, Giovanni; Zorer, Roberto; Delucchi, Luca; Arnoldi, Daniele; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Capelli, Gioia; Rizzoli, Annapaola; Rosa, Roberto",Mapping of Aedes albopictus Abundance at a Local Scale in Italy,REMOTE SENSING,"Given the growing risk of arbovirus outbreaks in Europe, there is a clear need to better describe the distribution of invasive mosquito species such as Aedes albopictus. Current challenges consist in simulating Ae. albopictus abundance, rather than its presence, and mapping its simulated abundance at a local scale to better assess the transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens and optimize mosquito control strategy. During 2014-2015, we sampled adult mosquitoes using 72 BG-Sentinel traps per year in the provinces of Belluno and Trento, Italy. We found that the sum of Ae. albopictus females collected during eight trap nights from June to September was positively related to the mean temperature of the warmest quarter and the percentage of artificial areas in a 250 m buffer around the sampling locations. Maps of Ae. albopictus abundance simulated from the most parsimonious model in the study area showed the largest populations in highly artificial areas with the highest summer temperatures, but with a high uncertainty due to the variability of the trapping collections. Vector abundance maps at a local scale should be promoted to support stakeholders and policy-makers in optimizing vector surveillance and control.","Rosa, Roberto/0000-0002-8655-2230; Rizzoli, Annapaola/0000-0003-3997-6783; Marini, Giovanni/0000-0001-9721-7211; MANICA, MATTIA/0000-0003-3709-1199; Baldacchino, Frederic Alexandre/0000-0002-1727-3019",2072-4292,2017,10.3390/rs9070749,yes,yes,yes,Regression,negative binomial mixed models,Abundance,BG-Sentinel Traps,BG-Sentinel Traps,17695 mosquitoes collected,,adults,Italy,Sub-national,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"MODIS (C), ARPA Vento/Meteotrentino (C, LC)",Land Surface Temperature used to calculate mean temperature of coldest month and mean temperature of warmest month,"Precipitation from weather stations, Land Use and Land Cover",Temperature and artifical/urbanized areas,Pearson’s coefficient < 0.7,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Tisseuil, C; Velo, E; Bino, S; Kadriaj, P; Mersini, K; Shukullari, A; Simaku, A; Rogozi, E; Caputo, B; Ducheyne, E; della Torre, A; Reiter, P; Gilbert, M","Tisseuil, Clement; Velo, Enkelejda; Bino, Silvia; Kadriaj, Perparim; Mersini, Kujtim; Shukullari, Ada; Simaku, Artan; Rogozi, Elton; Caputo, Beniamino; Ducheyne, Els; della Torre, Alessandra; Reiter, Paul; Gilbert, Marius",Forecasting the spatial and seasonal dynamic of Aedes albopictus oviposition activity in Albania and Balkan countries,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,"The increasing spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, in Europe and US raises public health concern due to the species competence to transmit several exotic human arboviruses, among which dengue, chikungunya and Zika, and urges the development of suitable modeling approach to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of the mosquito. Here we developed a dynamical species distribution modeling approach forecasting Ae. albopictus eggs abundance at high spatial (0.01 degree WGS84) and temporal (weekly) resolution over 10 Balkan countries, using temperature times series of Modis data products and altitude as input predictors. The model was satisfactorily calibrated and validated over Albania based observed eggs abundance data weekly monitored during three years. For a given week of the year, eggs abundance was mainly predicted by the number of eggs and the mean temperature recorded in the preceding weeks. That is, results are in agreement with the biological cycle of the mosquito, reflecting the effect temperature on eggs spawning, maturation and hatching. The model, seeded by initial egg values derived from a second model, was then used to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of eggs abundance over the selected Balkan countries, weekly in 2011, 2012 and 2013. The present study is a baseline to develop an easy-handling forecasting model able to provide information useful for promoting active surveillance and possibly prevention of Ae. albopictus colonization in presently non-infested areas in the Balkans as well as in other temperate regions.","Velo, Enkelejda/0000-0001-7283-2541",1935-2735,2018,10.1371/journal.pntd.0006236,yes,yes,yes,Regression,GLM,Abundance,ovitraps,Ovitraps,26,,eggs,Balkan Peninsula,Regional,Aedes,ae. albopictus,"MODIS (C), Corine land cover (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",MODIS lst,"MODIS LST, Corine Land cover, altitude","temp, altitude, week of the year",no discussion of collinearity,no,projected beyond study area
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Amadi, JA; Ong'amo, GO; Olago, DO; Oriaso, SO; Nyamongo, IK; Estambale, BBA","Amadi, J. A.; Ong'amo, G. O.; Olago, D. O.; Oriaso, S. O.; Nyamongo, I. K.; Estambale, B. B. A.","Mapping potential Anopheles gambiae s.l. larval distribution using remotely sensed climatic and environmental variables in Baringo, Kenya",MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY,"Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) is responsible for the transmission of the devastating Plasmodium falciparum (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) strain of malaria in Africa. This study investigated the relationship between climate and environmental conditions and An. gambiae s.l. larvae abundance and modelled the larval distribution of this species in Baringo County, Kenya. Mosquito larvae were collected using a 350-mL dipper and a pipette once per month from December 2015 to December 2016. A random forest algorithm was used to generate vegetation cover classes. A negative binomial regression was used to model the association between remotely sensed climate (rainfall and temperature) and environmental (vegetation cover, vegetation health, topographic wetness and slope) factors and An. gambiae s.l. for December 2015. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was significantly more frequent in the riverine zone (P < 0.05, r = 0.59) compared with the lowland zone. Rainfall (b = 6.22, P < 0.001), slope (b = - 4.81, P = 0.012) and vegetation health (b = - 5.60, P = 0.038) significantly influenced the distribution of An. gambiae s.l. larvae. High An. gambiae s.l. abundance was associated with cropland and wetland environments. Effective malaria control will require zone-specific interventions such as a focused dry season vector control strategy in the riverine zone.","Nyamongo, Isaac K./0000-0003-1796-9590; Amadi, Jacinter/0000-0003-3302-8387",0269-283X,2018,10.1111/mve.12312,yes,yes,yes,Regression,generalized linear mixed model with negative binomial regression,Abundance,Larval dipping survey,Larval dipping survey,3460 mosquiot larvae,,larvae,Kenya,Sub-national,Anopheles,An. Gambiae,"CHIRPS (C), Landsat (LC, T), MODIS (C), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T)",CHIRPS rainfall and LST,"climate (rainfall and temperature) and environmental (vegetation cover, vegetation health, topographic wetness and slope)","Riverine areas, rainfall, slope, and vegetation health",na,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Romero, D; Olivero, J; Real, R; Guerrero, JC","Romero, David; Olivero, Jesus; Real, Raimundo; Carlos Guerrero, Jose",Applying fuzzy logic to assess the biogeographical risk of dengue in South America,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background Over the last decade, reports about dengue cases have increase worldwide, which is particularly worrisome in South America due to the historic record of dengue outbreaks from the seventeenth century until the first half of the twentieth century. Dengue is a viral disease that involves insect vectors, namely Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which implies that, to prevent and combat outbreaks, it is necessary to understand the set of ecological and biogeographical factors affecting both the vector species and the virus. Methods We contribute with a methodology based on fuzzy logic that is helpful to disentangle the main factors that determine favorable environmental conditions for vectors and diseases. Using favorability functions as fuzzy logic modelling technique and the fuzzy intersection, union and inclusion as fuzzy operators, we were able to specify the territories at biogeographical risk of dengue outbreaks in South America. Results Our results indicate that the distribution of Ae. aegypti mostly encompasses the biogeographical framework of dengue in South America, which suggests that this species is the principal vector responsible for the geographical extent of dengue cases in the continent. Nevertheless, the intersection between the favorability for dengue cases and the union of the favorability for any of the vector species provided a comprehensive map of the biogeographical risk for dengue. Conclusions Fuzzy logic is an appropriate conceptual and operational tool to tackle the nuances of the vector-illness biogeographical interaction. The application of fuzzy logic may be useful in decision-making by the public health authorities to prevent, control and mitigate vector-borne diseases.","Olivero, Jesus/0000-0003-1714-0360; Guerrero, Jose/0000-0003-1442-9302",1756-3305,2019,10.1186/s13071-019-3691-5,Yes,yes,yes,Regression,logistic regression,Occurrence,"Kraemer paper, Faculty of Science of the Republic University of Uruguay database",na,1688 ae aegypti; 957 ae albopictus,,not specified,South America,Regional,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus","WorldClim (C), USGS GTOPO30 (T), USGS HydroShed (LC), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (T), GlobCover 2009 (LC), Gridded Population of the World (POP), Natural Earth Data (LC)","bioclim; mean annual temperature, annual temperature range included in final models","lat/long, altitude, diffence altitude, slope, aspect, all bioclim, minimum distance to rivers, sum of river length per grid, percent forest, percent crops, percent natural field, percent bare soil, percent flooding vegetation, percent population density, min distance to paved roads, min distance to urban centers","spatial location, distance to urban areas, bio1 most important for aegypti; spatial location most important for ae albopictus",correlation coefficien < 0.80,no,"used logistic regression to model ae aegypti, ae albopictus, dengue cases; then used fuzzy logic to study overall risk"
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Ibanez-Justicia, A; Cianci, D","Ibanez-Justicia, Adolfo; Cianci, Daniela",Modelling the spatial distribution of the nuisance mosquito species Anopheles plumbeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Netherlands,PARASITES & VECTORS,"Background: Landscape modifications, urbanization or changes of use of rural-agricultural areas can create more favourable conditions for certain mosquito species and therefore indirectly cause nuisance problems for humans. This could potentially result in mosquito-borne disease outbreaks when the nuisance is caused by mosquito species that can transmit pathogens. Anopheles plumbeus is a nuisance mosquito species and a potential malaria vector. It is one of the most frequently observed species in the Netherlands. Information on the distribution of this species is essential for risk assessments. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential spatial distribution of An. plumbeus in the Netherlands. Methods: Random forest models were used to link the occurrence and the abundance of An. plumbeus with environmental features and to produce distribution maps in the Netherlands. Mosquito data were collected using a cross-sectional study design in the Netherlands, from April to October 2010-2013. The environmental data were obtained from satellite imagery and weather stations. Statistical measures (accuracy for the occurrence model and mean squared error for the abundance model) were used to evaluate the models performance. The models were externally validated. Results: The maps show that forested areas (centre of the Netherlands) and the east of the country were predicted as suitable for An. plumbeus. In particular high suitability and high abundance was predicted in the south-eastern provinces Limburg and North Brabant. Elevation, precipitation, day and night temperature and vegetation indices were important predictors for calculating the probability of occurrence for An. plumbeus. The probability of occurrence, vegetation indices and precipitation were important for predicting its abundance. The AUC value was 0.73 and the error in the validation was 0.29; the mean squared error value was 0.12. Conclusions: The areas identified by the model as suitable and with high abundance of An. plumbeus, are consistent with the areas from which nuisance was reported. Our results can be helpful in the assessment of vector-borne disease risk.",,1756-3305,2015,10.1186/s13071-015-0865-7,yes,yes,yes,CTA,Random forest,Occurrence,"Adult and larval sampling, VectorBase",CO2 baited Mosquito Magnet Liberty Plus MM3100,"778 locations sampled, 97 positive sites",also used 97 absence points,adults and larvae,Netherlands,National,Anopheles,Anopheles plumbeus,"WorldClim (C), MODIS (C, LC, T), CMORPH (C), Gridded Population of the World (POP), Corine land cover (LC)","Day time land surface temperature, nightime land surface temperature","MODIS middle infrared, modis daytime LST, MODIS night LST, MODIS EVI, MODIS NDVI, CMORPH precipitation, worldclim predipitation, MODIS DEM, population density, land cover","elevation, precipitation, day and night temperature, vegetation indices, and middle infrared important predictors",no discussion of collinearity,no,
MOSQUITO SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Wieland, R; Kerkow, A; Fruh, L; Kampen, H; Walther, D","Wieland, Ralf; Kerkow, Antje; Frueh, Linus; Kampen, Helge; Walther, Doreen",Automated feature selection for a machine learning approach toward modeling a mosquito distribution,ECOLOGICAL MODELLING,This paper introduces a data science method to determine a set of features for training a vector support machine (SVM). The SVM is used to model the relationship between the distribution of one particular invasive mosquito species and climate data. Two biologists selected training data on the basis of their domain expertise. This was compared with the result of the data science simulation. The paper then explores the possible uses of data science to generate new knowledge as well as to identify the weaknesses of this technique. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.,"Fruh, Linus/0000-0001-7756-2931",0304-3800,2017,10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.029,yes,yes,yes,Other,SVM,Occurrence,CULBASE database,na,Not specified,,not specified,Germany,National,Aedes,"ae japonicus japonicus, ae vexan, ae geniculatus, ae daciae",German Weather Service (C),,"mean monthly temperature, sum monthly precipitation, mean temp/precip by season, drought index by season, number of frost days",not discussed,used expert selected variable subsets vs genetic algorithm subsets,no,compared machine learning vs expert inputs
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Kerkow, A; Wieland, R; Fruh, L; Holker, F; Jeschke, JM; Werner, D; Kampen, H","Kerkow, Antje; Wieland, Ralf; Frueh, Linus; Hoelker, Franz; Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Werner, Doreen; Kampen, Helge","Can data from native mosquitoes support determining invasive species habitats? Modelling the climatic niche of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in Germany",PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH,"Invasive mosquito species and the pathogens they transmit represent a serious health risk to both humans and animals. Thus, predictions on their potential geographic distribution are urgently needed. In the case of a recently invaded region, only a small number of occurrence data is typically available for analysis, and absence data are not reliable. To overcome this problem, we have tested whether it is possible to determine the climatic ecological niche of an invasive mosquito species by using both the occurrence data of other, native species and machine learning. The approach is based on a support vector machine and in this scenario applied to the Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus) in Germany. Presence data for this species (recorded in the Germany since 2008) as well as for three native mosquito species were used to model the potential distribution of the invasive species. We trained the model with data collected from 2011 to 2014 and compared our predicted occurrence probabilities for 2015 with observations found in the field throughout 2015 to evaluate our approach. The prediction map showed a high degree of concordance with the field data. We applied the model to medium climate conditions at an early stage of the invasion (2011-2015), and developed an explanation for declining population densities in an area in northern Germany. In addition to the already known distribution areas, our model also indicates a possible spread to Saarland, southwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and in 2015 to southern Bavaria, where the species is now being increasingly detected. However, there is also evidence that the possible distribution area under the mean climate conditions was underestimated.","Jeschke, Jonathan M/0000-0003-3328-4217; Fruh, Linus/0000-0001-7756-2931",0932-0113,2020,10.1007/s00436-019-06513-5,Yes,yes,yes,Other,support vector machine,Occurrence,national surveillance database,not specified,508 ae japonicus; 2056 ae vexans; 322 ae geniculatus; 102 an daciae,,not specified,Germany,National,Multiple,"ae. japonicus, ae vexans, ae geniculatus, anopheles daciae",German Weather Service (C),"mean temp in spring; mean temp in September, October, December","mean temp in spring; mean temp in September, October, December; precipitation of february, april, june; drought index of autumn",did not discuss variable contribution,did not discuss collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Nurjanah, S; Atmowidi, T ; Hadi, UK ; Solihin, DD; Priawandiputra, W; Santoso, B; Asmarani, D; Setiawan, T; Meidaliyantisyah",,"Distribution modelling of Aedes aegypti in three dengue-endemic areas in Sumatera, Indonesia",TROPICAL BIOMEDICINE,,,,2022,10.47665/tb.39.3.007,Yes,Yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,larval sampling,larval sampling,1-3 larvae per household/87 households with Ae. aegypti,,larvae,Indonesia,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"Bioclim, Landsat, WorldPop",bioclim,temperature; precipitation; land cover; human population density,rainfall and population density,did not discuss collinearity,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Hussain, SSA; Dhiman, RC",,Distribution Expansion of Dengue Vectors and Climate Change in India,GEOHEALTH,,,,2022,10.1029/2021GH000477,Yes,Yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,"GBIF, published literature",not specified,,,not specified,India,National,Aedes,"Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus",WorldClim,bioclim,"mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, min teperature of coldest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of coldest quarter","isothermality, temperature seasonality, minimum temperature of coldest month (ae. aegypti); mean diurnal range, precipitation of driest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter (ae. albopictus)",stepwise elimation based on model contribution and cross-correlation <0.80,yes,
AEDES ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Adeleke, ED; Shittu, RA; Beierkuhnlein, C; Thomas, SM",,High Wind Speed Prevents the Establishment of the Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Its Climatic Niche in Europe,FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,,,,2022,10.3389/fenvs.2022.846243,Yes,Yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,literature review,na,"7,207",,not specified,Europe,Regional,Aedes,Ae. albopictus,"WorldClim, wind speed from ERA-Interim database, EVI from LP DAAC",bioclim,"annual mean temperature, maximum temperature of the warmest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the coldest quarter, wind speed, EVI, northward (v-) component of wind speed, and eastward (u-) component of wind speed",annual mean temperature and annual precipitation,variables screened with expert knowledge approach before applying Pearson correlation analysis <0.70,no,
ANOPHELES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION,J,"Liu, X; Song, C; Ren, ZP; Wang, SB",,Predicting the Geographical Distribution of Malaria-Associated Anopheles dirus in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions Under Climate Change Scenarios,FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,,,,2022,10.3389/fenvs.2022.841966,Yes,Yes,yes,CTA,"Maxent, BRT, but RF used for final modeled distribution",Occurrence,"Malaria Atlas Project, published database",not specified,228,,not specified,"Southeast Asia, Western Pacific",Regional,Anopheles,An. dirus,"WorldClim, future bioclimatic data from CCAFS, land use from Global Ecology Library",bioclim,"annual temperature range, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation during the wettest quarter, pasture, cropland, primary vegetation land, urban land","annual temperature range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, pasture, primary vegetation",variables screened for model contribution and biological importance before applying Pearson's correlation <0.75,yes,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Holeva-Eklund, WM; Young, SJ; Will, J; Busser, N; Townsend, J; Hepp, CM",,"Species distribution modeling of Aedes aegypti in Maricopa County, Arizona from 2014 to 2020",FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,,,,2022,10.3389/fenvs.2022.1001190,Yes,Yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurrence,Co2 trapping,Co2-baited traps,73 to 778 locations,,adult,United States,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"Landsat, American Community Survey, populaton density",no temperature,"NDVI, NDMI, SRTM, population density, median income","NDMI, population density, elevation",check to ensure no variables had correlation > 0.70,no,
AEDES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Santos, JM; Capinha, C; Rocha, J; Sousa, CA",,The current and future distribution of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) on Madeira Island,PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,,,,2022,10.1371/journal.pntd.0010715,Yes,Yes,yes,Mixed,"BRT, GAM, GLM, RF",Occurrence,"health department trapping data, GBIF",unspecified trap,"61 trap locations, 10,614 records",,not specified,Portugal,Sub-national,Aedes,ae. aegypti,"CHELSA, DRAAC, Statistics Portugal",CHELSA,"mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter, land use, human population density",Minimum temperature of the coldest month,VIF threshold (10),yes,
CULEX ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODEL,J,"Furlong, M; Adamu, A; Hickson, RI; Horwood, P; Golchin, M; Hoskins, A; Russell, T",,Estimating the Distribution of Japanese Encephalitis Vectors in Australia Using Ecological Niche Modelling,TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE,,,,2022,10.3390/tropicalmed7120393,Yes,Yes,yes,MaxEnt,Maxent,Occurence,"VectorMap, Atlas of Living Australia",na,,,not specified,Australia,National,Culex,"Cx. annulirostris, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. sitiens",Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO),CSIRO,"annual mean and monthly max/min values of temperature, precipitation, and evaporation","aridity index, water deficit; monthly temperature ranges for Cx. annulirostris and Cx. quinquefasciatus; annual total evapotranspiration for Cx. sitiens",removed variables with correlation >0.9,no,
CULEX SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODEL,J,"Amdouni, J; Conte, A; Ippoliti, C; Candeloro, L; Tora, S; Sghaier, S; Ben Hassine, T; Fakhfekh, EA; Savini, G; Hammami, S",,Culex pipiens distribution in Tunisia: Identification of suitable areas through Random Forest and MaxEnt approaches,VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE,,,,2022,10.1002/vms3.897,Yes,Yes,yes,Mixed,"MaxEnt, RF",Occurence,"Field collections, literature database","Co2 baited CDC miniature light traps, larval dipping",256 locations,,adults and larvae,Tunisia,National,Culex,Cx. pipiens,"MODIS, Tunisia National technical reports, SEDAC",MODIS LST,"land surface temperature daytime, land surface temperature night-time, NDVI, elevation, precipitation seasonality, isothermality, temperature annual range, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter, hydro zones, irrigated land, population density","Precipitation seasonality, population density",Pearson's coefficient <0.8,no,