diff --git a/packages/cli/src/commands/build.js b/packages/cli/src/commands/build.js
index 76e9d9857..b8b9e142a 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/commands/build.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/commands/build.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { bundleCompilation } from '../lifecycles/bundle.js';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import { copyAssets } from '../lifecycles/copy.js';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { preRenderCompilationWorker, preRenderCompilationCustom, staticRenderCompilation } from '../lifecycles/prerender.js';
 import { ServerInterface } from '../lib/server-interface.js';
 
@@ -15,8 +16,10 @@ const runProductionBuild = async (compilation) => {
         ? compilation.config.plugins.find(plugin => plugin.type === 'renderer').provider(compilation)
         : {};
 
-      if (!fs.existsSync(outputDir.pathname)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(outputDir.pathname);
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(outputDir)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(outputDir, {
+          recursive: true
+        });
       }
 
       if (prerender || prerenderPlugin.prerender) {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/commands/eject.js b/packages/cli/src/commands/eject.js
index c0b41d6e7..886b74e2a 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/commands/eject.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/commands/eject.js
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 
 const ejectConfiguration = async (compilation) => {
   return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
     try {
       const configFileDirUrl = new URL('../config/', import.meta.url);
-      const configFiles = await fs.promises.readdir(configFileDirUrl);
+      const configFiles = await fs.readdir(configFileDirUrl);
       
-      configFiles.forEach((configFile) => {
-        const from = new URL(`./${configFile}`, configFileDirUrl);
-        const to = new URL(`./${configFile}`, compilation.context.projectDirectory);
+      for (const file of configFiles) {
+        const from = new URL(`./${file}`, configFileDirUrl);
+        const to = new URL(`./${file}`, compilation.context.projectDirectory);
 
-        fs.copyFileSync(from.pathname, to.pathname);
+        await fs.copyFile(from, to);
         
-        console.log(`Ejected ${configFile} successfully.`);
-      });
+        console.log(`Ejected ${file} successfully.`);
+      }
 
       console.debug('all configuration files ejected.');
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/config/rollup.config.js b/packages/cli/src/config/rollup.config.js
index 5e27c7213..0b0c57a7c 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/config/rollup.config.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/config/rollup.config.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import { checkResourceExists, normalizePathnameForWindows } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 function greenwoodResourceLoader (compilation) {
   const resourcePlugins = compilation.config.plugins.filter((plugin) => {
@@ -9,22 +10,25 @@ function greenwoodResourceLoader (compilation) {
 
   return {
     name: 'greenwood-resource-loader',
-    resolveId(id) {
+    async resolveId(id) {
       const normalizedId = id.replace(/\?type=(.*)/, '');
       const { userWorkspace } = compilation.context;
 
-      if ((id.indexOf('./') === 0 || id.indexOf('/') === 0) && fs.existsSync(new URL(`./${normalizedId}`, userWorkspace).pathname)) {
-        return new URL(`./${normalizedId}`, userWorkspace).pathname;
-      }
+      if (id.startsWith('./') || id.startsWith('/')) {
+        const prefix = id.startsWith('/') ? '.' : '';
+        const userWorkspaceUrl = new URL(`${prefix}${normalizedId}`, userWorkspace);
 
-      return null;
+        if (await checkResourceExists(userWorkspaceUrl)) {
+          return normalizePathnameForWindows(userWorkspaceUrl);
+        }
+      }
     },
     async load(id) {
       const pathname = id.indexOf('?') >= 0 ? id.slice(0, id.indexOf('?')) : id;
       const extension = pathname.split('.').pop();
 
       if (extension !== '' && extension !== 'js') {
-        const url = new URL(`file://${pathname}`);
+        const url = new URL(`file://${pathname}?type=${extension}`);
         const request = new Request(url.href);
         let response = new Response('');
 
@@ -49,15 +53,14 @@ function greenwoodResourceLoader (compilation) {
 function greenwoodSyncPageResourceBundlesPlugin(compilation) {
   return {
     name: 'greenwood-sync-page-resource-bundles-plugin',
-    writeBundle(outputOptions, bundles) {
+    async writeBundle(outputOptions, bundles) {
       const { outputDir } = compilation.context;
 
       for (const resource of compilation.resources.values()) {
-        const resourceKey = resource.sourcePathURL.pathname;
+        const resourceKey = normalizePathnameForWindows(resource.sourcePathURL);
 
         for (const bundle in bundles) {
           let facadeModuleId = (bundles[bundle].facadeModuleId || '').replace(/\\/g, '/');
-
           /*
            * this is an odd issue related to symlinking in our Greenwood monorepo when building the website
            * and managing packages that we create as "virtual" modules, like for the mpa router
@@ -76,8 +79,11 @@ function greenwoodSyncPageResourceBundlesPlugin(compilation) {
            * pathToMatch (before): /node_modules/@greenwood/cli/src/lib/router.js
            * pathToMatch (after): /cli/src/lib/router.js
            */
-          if (facadeModuleId && resourceKey.indexOf('/node_modules/@greenwood/cli') > 0 && facadeModuleId.indexOf('/packages/cli') > 0 && fs.existsSync(facadeModuleId)) {
-            facadeModuleId = facadeModuleId.replace('/packages/cli', '/node_modules/@greenwood/cli');
+
+          if (resourceKey?.indexOf('/node_modules/@greenwood/cli') > 0 && facadeModuleId?.indexOf('/packages/cli') > 0) {
+            if (await checkResourceExists(new URL(`file://${facadeModuleId}`))) {
+              facadeModuleId = facadeModuleId.replace('/packages/cli', '/node_modules/@greenwood/cli');
+            }
           }
 
           if (resourceKey === facadeModuleId) {
@@ -86,15 +92,15 @@ function greenwoodSyncPageResourceBundlesPlugin(compilation) {
             const noop = rawAttributes && rawAttributes.indexOf('data-gwd-opt="none"') >= 0 || compilation.config.optimization === 'none';
             const outputPath = new URL(`./${fileName}`, outputDir);
 
-            compilation.resources.set(resourceKey, {
-              ...compilation.resources.get(resourceKey),
+            compilation.resources.set(resource.sourcePathURL.pathname, {
+              ...compilation.resources.get(resource.sourcePathURL.pathname),
               optimizedFileName: fileName,
-              optimizedFileContents: fs.readFileSync(outputPath, 'utf-8'),
+              optimizedFileContents: await fs.readFile(outputPath, 'utf-8'),
               contents: contents.replace(/\.\//g, '/')
             });
 
             if (noop) {
-              fs.writeFileSync(outputPath.pathname, contents);
+              await fs.writeFile(outputPath, contents);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ const getRollupConfig = async (compilation) => {
   const { outputDir } = compilation.context;
   const input = [...compilation.resources.values()]
     .filter(resource => resource.type === 'script')
-    .map(resource => resource.sourcePathURL.pathname);
+    .map(resource => normalizePathnameForWindows(resource.sourcePathURL));
   const customRollupPlugins = compilation.config.plugins.filter(plugin => {
     return plugin.type === 'rollup';
   }).map(plugin => {
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ const getRollupConfig = async (compilation) => {
     preserveEntrySignatures: 'strict', // https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/pull/990
     input,
     output: { 
-      dir: outputDir.pathname,
+      dir: normalizePathnameForWindows(outputDir),
       entryFileNames: '[name].[hash].js',
       chunkFileNames: '[name].[hash].js',
       sourcemap: true
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/index.js b/packages/cli/src/index.js
index f398ed2e7..566b68ac2 100755
--- a/packages/cli/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/index.js
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
 process.setMaxListeners(0);
 
 import { generateCompilation } from './lifecycles/compile.js';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import program from 'commander';
 import { URL } from 'url';
 
-const greenwoodPackageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('../package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
+const greenwoodPackageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('../package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
 let cmdOption = {};
 let command = '';
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lib/node-modules-utils.js b/packages/cli/src/lib/node-modules-utils.js
index 07db68c4c..70d0fa4d6 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lib/node-modules-utils.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lib/node-modules-utils.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // TODO convert this to use / return URLs
 import { createRequire } from 'module'; // https://stackoverflow.com/a/62499498/417806
-import fs from 'fs';
-import path from 'path';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 // defer to NodeJS to find where on disk a package is located using import.meta.resolve
 // and return the root absolute location
@@ -36,14 +35,14 @@ async function getNodeModulesLocationForPackage(packageName) {
       const nodeModulesPackageRoot = `${locations[location]}/${packageName}`;
       const packageJsonLocation = `${nodeModulesPackageRoot}/package.json`;
 
-      if (fs.existsSync(packageJsonLocation)) {
+      if (await checkResourceExists(new URL(`file://${packageJsonLocation}`))) {
         nodeModulesUrl = nodeModulesPackageRoot;
       }
     }
 
     if (!nodeModulesUrl) {
       console.debug(`Unable to look up ${packageName} using NodeJS require.resolve.  Falling back to process.cwd()`);
-      nodeModulesUrl = path.join(process.cwd(), 'node_modules', packageName); // force / for consistency and path matching);
+      nodeModulesUrl = new URL(`./node_modules/${packageName}`, `file://${process.cwd()}`).pathname;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js b/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js
index 57660c992..d2f7bb7dd 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from './resource-utils.js';
 
 class ResourceInterface {
   constructor(compilation, options = {}) {
@@ -17,23 +17,25 @@ class ResourceInterface {
   // * deep link route - /blog/releases/some-post
   // * and a nested path in the template - ../../styles/theme.css
   // so will get resolved as `${rootUrl}/styles/theme.css`
-  resolveForRelativeUrl(url, rootUrl) {
+  async resolveForRelativeUrl(url, rootUrl) {
+    const search = url.search || '';
     let reducedUrl;
 
-    if (fs.existsSync(new URL(`.${url.pathname}`, rootUrl).pathname)) {
-      return new URL(`.${url.pathname}`, rootUrl);
+    if (await checkResourceExists(new URL(`.${url.pathname}`, rootUrl))) {
+      return new URL(`.${url.pathname}${search}`, rootUrl);
     }
 
-    url.pathname.split('/')
-      .filter((segment) => segment !== '')
-      .reduce((acc, segment) => {
-        const reducedPath = url.pathname.replace(`${acc}/${segment}`, '');
+    const segments = url.pathname.split('/').filter(segment => segment !== '');
+    segments.shift();
 
-        if (reducedPath !== '' && fs.existsSync(new URL(`.${reducedPath}`, rootUrl).pathname)) {
-          reducedUrl = new URL(`.${reducedPath}`, rootUrl);
-        }
-        return `${acc}/${segment}`;
-      }, '');
+    for (let i = 0, l = segments.length - 1; i < l; i += 1) {
+      const nextSegments = segments.slice(i);
+      const urlToCheck = new URL(`./${nextSegments.join('/')}`, rootUrl);
+
+      if (await checkResourceExists(urlToCheck)) {
+        reducedUrl = new URL(`${urlToCheck}${search}`);
+      }
+    }
 
     return reducedUrl;
   }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js b/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js
index c51afcc27..44cf5b517 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { hashString } from '../lib/hashing-utils.js';
 
-function modelResource(context, type, src = undefined, contents = undefined, optimizationAttr = undefined, rawAttributes = undefined) {
+async function modelResource(context, type, src = undefined, contents = undefined, optimizationAttr = undefined, rawAttributes = undefined) {
   const { projectDirectory, scratchDir, userWorkspace } = context;
   const extension = type === 'script' ? 'js' : 'css';
-  const windowsDriveRegex = /\/[a-zA-Z]{1}:\//;
   let sourcePathURL;
 
   if (src) {
@@ -14,25 +13,12 @@ function modelResource(context, type, src = undefined, contents = undefined, opt
         ? new URL(`.${src}`, userWorkspace)
         : new URL(`./${src.replace(/\.\.\//g, '').replace('./', '')}`, userWorkspace);
 
-    contents = fs.readFileSync(sourcePathURL, 'utf-8');
+    contents = await fs.readFile(sourcePathURL, 'utf-8');
   } else {
     const scratchFileName = hashString(contents);
 
     sourcePathURL = new URL(`./${scratchFileName}.${extension}`, scratchDir);
-    fs.writeFileSync(sourcePathURL, contents);
-  }
-
-  // TODO (good first issue) handle for Windows adding extra / in front of drive letter for whatever reason :(
-  // e.g. turn /C:/... -> C:/...
-  // and also URL is readonly in NodeJS??
-  if (windowsDriveRegex.test(sourcePathURL.pathname)) {
-    const driveMatch = sourcePathURL.pathname.match(windowsDriveRegex)[0];
-
-    sourcePathURL = {
-      ...sourcePathURL,
-      pathname: sourcePathURL.pathname.replace(driveMatch, driveMatch.replace('/', '')),
-      href: sourcePathURL.href.replace(driveMatch, driveMatch.replace('/', ''))
-    };
+    await fs.writeFile(sourcePathURL, contents);
   }
 
   return {
@@ -65,7 +51,34 @@ function mergeResponse(destination, source) {
   });
 }
 
+// On Windows, a URL with a drive letter like C:/ thinks it is a protocol and so prepends a /, e.g. /C:/
+// This is fine with never fs methods that Greenwood uses, but tools like Rollupand PostCSS will need this handled manually
+// https://github.com/rollup/rollup/issues/3779
+function normalizePathnameForWindows(url) {
+  const windowsDriveRegex = /\/[a-zA-Z]{1}:\//;
+  const { pathname = '' } = url;
+
+  if (windowsDriveRegex.test(pathname)) {
+    const driveMatch = pathname.match(windowsDriveRegex)[0];
+
+    return pathname.replace(driveMatch, driveMatch.replace('/', ''));
+  }
+
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+async function checkResourceExists(url) {
+  try {
+    await fs.access(url);
+    return true;
+  } catch (e) {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
 export {
   mergeResponse,
-  modelResource
+  modelResource,
+  normalizePathnameForWindows,
+  checkResourceExists
 };
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lib/ssr-route-worker.js b/packages/cli/src/lib/ssr-route-worker.js
index 129fecc45..e43c380d6 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lib/ssr-route-worker.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lib/ssr-route-worker.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // https://github.com/nodejs/modules/issues/307#issuecomment-858729422
-import { pathToFileURL } from 'url';
 import { parentPort } from 'worker_threads';
 import { renderToString, renderFromHTML } from 'wc-compiler';
 
-async function executeRouteModule({ modulePath, compilation, route, label, id, prerender, htmlContents, scripts }) {
+async function executeRouteModule({ moduleUrl, compilation, route, label, id, prerender, htmlContents, scripts }) {
   const parsedCompilation = JSON.parse(compilation);
   const data = {
     template: null,
@@ -18,11 +17,11 @@ async function executeRouteModule({ modulePath, compilation, route, label, id, p
 
     data.html = html;
   } else {
-    const module = await import(pathToFileURL(modulePath)).then(module => module);
+    const module = await import(moduleUrl).then(module => module);
     const { getTemplate = null, getBody = null, getFrontmatter = null } = module;
 
     if (module.default) {
-      const { html } = await renderToString(pathToFileURL(modulePath));
+      const { html } = await renderToString(new URL(moduleUrl));
 
       data.body = html;
     } else {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/bundle.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/bundle.js
index 6f685b143..bc58cf0dd 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/bundle.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/bundle.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /* eslint-disable max-depth */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { getRollupConfig } from '../config/rollup.config.js';
 import { hashString } from '../lib/hashing-utils.js';
-import { mergeResponse } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import { checkResourceExists, mergeResponse } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import path from 'path';
 import { rollup } from 'rollup';
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ async function cleanUpResources(compilation) {
     const optAttr = ['inline', 'static'].indexOf(optimizationAttr) >= 0;
 
     if (optimizedFileName && (!src || (optAttr || optConfig))) {
-      fs.unlinkSync(new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir).pathname);
+      await fs.unlink(new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir));
     }
   }
 }
@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@ async function optimizeStaticPages(compilation, plugins) {
     .filter(page => !page.isSSR || (page.isSSR && page.data.static) || (page.isSSR && compilation.config.prerender))
     .map(async (page) => {
       const { route, outputPath } = page;
+      const outputDirUrl = new URL(`.${route}`, outputDir);
       const url = new URL(`http://localhost:${compilation.config.port}${route}`);
-      const contents = await fs.promises.readFile(new URL(`./${outputPath}`, scratchDir), 'utf-8');
+      const contents = await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${outputPath}`, scratchDir), 'utf-8');
       const headers = new Headers({ 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
       let response = new Response(contents, { headers });
 
-      if (route !== '/404/' && !fs.existsSync(new URL(`.${route}`, outputDir).pathname)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(new URL(`.${route}`, outputDir).pathname, {
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(outputDirUrl)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(outputDirUrl, {
           recursive: true
         });
       }
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ async function optimizeStaticPages(compilation, plugins) {
       // clean up optimization markers
       const body = (await response.text()).replace(/data-gwd-opt=".*[a-z]"/g, '');
 
-      await fs.promises.writeFile(new URL(`./${outputPath}`, outputDir), body);
+      await fs.writeFile(new URL(`./${outputPath}`, outputDir), body);
     })
   );
 }
@@ -78,13 +79,16 @@ async function bundleStyleResources(compilation, resourcePlugins) {
         optimizedFileName = `${hashString(contents)}.css`;
       }
 
-      const outputPathRoot = new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir).pathname
+      const outputPathRoot = new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir)
+        .pathname
         .split('/')
         .slice(0, -1)
-        .join('/');
+        .join('/')
+        .concat('/');
+      const outputPathRootUrl = new URL(`file://${outputPathRoot}`);
 
-      if (!fs.existsSync(outputPathRoot)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(outputPathRoot, {
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(outputPathRootUrl)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(new URL(`file://${outputPathRoot}`), {
           recursive: true
         });
       }
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ async function bundleStyleResources(compilation, resourcePlugins) {
         optimizedFileContents
       });
 
-      await fs.promises.writeFile(new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir), optimizedFileContents);
+      await fs.writeFile(new URL(`./${optimizedFileName}`, outputDir), optimizedFileContents);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/config.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/config.js
index 0d5a6c468..191e1fcbe 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/config.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/config.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 const cwd = new URL(`file://${process.cwd()}/`);
 const greenwoodPluginsDirectoryUrl = new URL('../plugins/', import.meta.url);
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ const greenwoodPlugins = (await Promise.all([
   new URL('./resource/', greenwoodPluginsDirectoryUrl),
   new URL('./server/', greenwoodPluginsDirectoryUrl)
 ].map(async (pluginDirectoryUrl) => {
-  const files = await fs.promises.readdir(pluginDirectoryUrl);
+  const files = await fs.readdir(pluginDirectoryUrl);
 
   return await Promise.all(files.map(async(file) => {
     const importUrl = new URL(`./${file}`, pluginDirectoryUrl);
@@ -57,8 +58,20 @@ const readAndMergeConfig = async() => {
       // deep clone of default config
       const configUrl = new URL('./greenwood.config.js', cwd);
       let customConfig = Object.assign({}, defaultConfig);
+      let hasConfigFile;
+      let isSPA;
 
-      if (fs.existsSync(configUrl.pathname)) {
+      // check for greenwood.config.js
+      if (await checkResourceExists(configUrl)) {
+        hasConfigFile = true;
+      }
+
+      // check for SPA
+      if (await checkResourceExists(new URL('./index.html', customConfig.workspace))) {
+        isSPA = true;
+      }
+
+      if (hasConfigFile) {
         const userCfgFile = (await import(configUrl)).default;
         const { workspace, devServer, markdown, optimization, plugins, port, prerender, staticRouter, pagesDirectory, templatesDirectory, interpolateFrontmatter } = userCfgFile;
 
@@ -68,11 +81,11 @@ const readAndMergeConfig = async() => {
             reject('Error: greenwood.config.js workspace must be an instance of URL');
           }
 
-          if (!fs.existsSync(workspace.pathname)) {
+          if (await checkResourceExists(workspace)) {
+            customConfig.workspace = workspace;
+          } else {
             reject('Error: greenwood.config.js workspace doesn\'t exist! Please double check your configuration.');
           }
-
-          customConfig.workspace = workspace;
         }
 
         if (typeof optimization === 'string' && optimizations.indexOf(optimization.toLowerCase()) >= 0) {
@@ -194,7 +207,7 @@ const readAndMergeConfig = async() => {
         }
 
         // SPA should _not_ prerender unless if user has specified prerender should be true
-        if (prerender === undefined && fs.existsSync(new URL('./index.html', customConfig.workspace))) {
+        if (prerender === undefined && isSPA) {
           customConfig.prerender = false;
         }
 
@@ -207,7 +220,7 @@ const readAndMergeConfig = async() => {
         }
       } else {
         // SPA should _not_ prerender unless if user has specified prerender should be true
-        if (fs.existsSync(new URL('./index.html', customConfig.workspace).pathname)) {
+        if (isSPA) {
           customConfig.prerender = false;
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/context.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/context.js
index e2bdaf332..1318c343c 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/context.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/context.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 const initContext = async({ config }) => {
 
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ const initContext = async({ config }) => {
       const apisDir = new URL('./api/', userWorkspace);
       const pagesDir = new URL(`./${pagesDirectory}/`, userWorkspace);
       const userTemplatesDir = new URL(`./${templatesDirectory}/`, userWorkspace);
-
       const context = {
         dataDir,
         outputDir,
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ const initContext = async({ config }) => {
         projectDirectory
       };
 
-      if (!fs.existsSync(scratchDir.pathname)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(scratchDir.pathname, {
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(scratchDir)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(scratchDir, {
           recursive: true
         });
       }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/copy.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/copy.js
index 09c3a35c6..8964354b3 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/copy.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/copy.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import fs from 'fs';
-import path from 'path';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 async function rreaddir (dir, allFiles = []) {
-  const files = (await fs.promises.readdir(dir)).map(f => path.join(dir, f));
+  const files = (await fs.promises.readdir(dir)).map(f => new URL(`./${f}`, dir));
 
   allFiles.push(...files);
 
   await Promise.all(files.map(async f => (
-    await fs.promises.stat(f)).isDirectory() && rreaddir(f, allFiles
+    await fs.promises.stat(f)).isDirectory() && await rreaddir(new URL(`file://${f.pathname}/`), allFiles
   )));
 
   return allFiles;
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ async function rreaddir (dir, allFiles = []) {
 async function copyFile(source, target, projectDirectory) {
   try {
     console.info(`copying file... ${source.pathname.replace(projectDirectory.pathname, '')}`);
-    const rd = fs.createReadStream(source.pathname);
-    const wr = fs.createWriteStream(target.pathname);
+    const rd = fs.createReadStream(source);
+    const wr = fs.createWriteStream(target);
 
     return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
       rd.on('error', reject);
@@ -36,29 +36,27 @@ async function copyFile(source, target, projectDirectory) {
 async function copyDirectory(fromUrl, toUrl, projectDirectory) {
   try {
     console.info(`copying directory... ${fromUrl.pathname.replace(projectDirectory.pathname, '')}`);
-    const files = await rreaddir(fromUrl.pathname);
+    const files = await rreaddir(fromUrl);
 
     if (files.length > 0) {
-      if (!fs.existsSync(toUrl.pathname)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(toUrl.pathname, {
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(toUrl)) {
+        await fs.promises.mkdir(toUrl, {
           recursive: true
         });
       }
-      await Promise.all(files.filter((filePath) => {
-        const target = filePath.replace(fromUrl.pathname, toUrl.pathname);
-        const isDirectory = fs.lstatSync(filePath).isDirectory();
 
-        if (isDirectory && !fs.existsSync(target)) {
-          fs.mkdirSync(target);
+      for (const fileUrl of files) {
+        const targetUrl = new URL(`file://${fileUrl.pathname.replace(fromUrl.pathname, toUrl.pathname)}`);
+        const isDirectory = (await fs.promises.stat(fileUrl)).isDirectory();
+
+        if (isDirectory && !await checkResourceExists(targetUrl)) {
+          await fs.promises.mkdir(targetUrl, {
+            recursive: true
+          });
         } else if (!isDirectory) {
-          return filePath;
+          await copyFile(fileUrl, targetUrl, projectDirectory);
         }
-      }).map((filePath) => {
-        const sourceUrl = new URL(`file://${filePath}`);
-        const targetUrl = new URL(`file://${filePath.replace(fromUrl.pathname, toUrl.pathname)}`);
-
-        return copyFile(sourceUrl, targetUrl, projectDirectory);
-      }));
+      }
     }
   } catch (e) {
     console.error('ERROR', e);
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/graph.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/graph.js
index ed6d26337..0064ec3b1 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/graph.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/graph.js
@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
 /* eslint-disable complexity, max-depth */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import fm from 'front-matter';
-import { modelResource } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
-import path from 'path';
+import { checkResourceExists, modelResource } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import toc from 'markdown-toc';
 import { Worker } from 'worker_threads';
 
-// TODO convert graph to use URLs
-// https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/issues/952
 const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
 
   return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
     try {
       const { context } = compilation;
-      const { pagesDir, userWorkspace } = context;
+      const { pagesDir, projectDirectory, userWorkspace, scratchDir } = context;
       let graph = [{
         outputPath: 'index.html',
         filename: 'index.html',
@@ -26,23 +23,23 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
       }];
 
       const walkDirectoryForPages = async function(directory, pages = []) {
-        const files = fs.readdirSync(directory);
+        const files = await fs.readdir(directory);
 
         for (const filename of files) {
-          const fullPath = path.normalize(`${directory}${path.sep}${filename}`);
-          
-          if (fs.statSync(fullPath).isDirectory()) {
-            pages = await walkDirectoryForPages(fullPath, pages);
+          const filenameUrl = new URL(`./${filename}`, directory);
+          const filenameUrlAsDir = new URL(`./${filename}/`, directory);
+          const isDirectory = await checkResourceExists(filenameUrlAsDir) && (await fs.stat(filenameUrlAsDir)).isDirectory();
+
+          if (isDirectory) {
+            pages = await walkDirectoryForPages(filenameUrlAsDir, pages);
           } else {
-            const extension = path.extname(filename);
+            const extension = `.${filenameUrl.pathname.split('.').pop()}`; 
             const isStatic = extension === '.md' || extension === '.html';
             const isDynamic = extension === '.js';
-            const relativePagePath = fullPath.substring(pagesDir.pathname.length - 1, fullPath.length);
-            const relativeWorkspacePath = directory.replace(process.cwd(), '').replace(path.sep, '');
-            let route = relativePagePath
-              .replace(extension, '')
-              .replace(/\\/g, '/');
-            let id = filename.split(path.sep)[filename.split(path.sep).length - 1].replace(extension, '');
+            const relativePagePath = filenameUrl.pathname.replace(pagesDir.pathname, '/');
+            const relativeWorkspacePath = directory.pathname.replace(projectDirectory.pathname, '');
+            let route = relativePagePath.replace(extension, '');
+            let id = filename.split('/')[filename.split('/').length - 1].replace(extension, '');
             let template = 'page';
             let title = null;
             let imports = [];
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
              * - pages/blog/index.{html,md,js} -> /blog/
              * - pages/blog/some-post.{html,md,js} -> /blog/some-post/
              */
-            if (relativePagePath.lastIndexOf(path.sep) > 0) {
+            if (relativePagePath.lastIndexOf('/') > 0) {
               // https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/issues/455
               route = id === 'index' || route.replace('/index', '') === `/${id}`
                 ? route.replace('index', '')
@@ -69,17 +66,14 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
             }
 
             if (isStatic) {
-              const fileContents = fs.readFileSync(fullPath, 'utf8');
+              const fileContents = await fs.readFile(filenameUrl, 'utf8');
               const { attributes } = fm(fileContents);
               
               template = attributes.template || 'page';
               title = attributes.title || title;
               id = attributes.label || id;
               imports = attributes.imports || [];
-              
-              filePath = route === '/' || relativePagePath.lastIndexOf(path.sep) === 0
-                ? `${relativeWorkspacePath}${filename}`
-                : `${relativeWorkspacePath}${path.sep}${filename}`,
+              filePath = `${relativeWorkspacePath}${filename}`;
 
               // prune "reserved" attributes that are supported by Greenwood
               // https://www.greenwoodjs.io/docs/front-matter
@@ -129,13 +123,13 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
               await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                 const worker = new Worker(routeWorkerUrl);
 
-                worker.on('message', (result) => {
+                worker.on('message', async (result) => {
                   if (result.frontmatter) {
-                    const resources = (result.frontmatter.imports || []).map((resource) => {
-                      const type = path.extname(resource) === '.js' ? 'script' : 'link';
+                    const resources = await Promise.all((result.frontmatter.imports || []).map(async (resource) => {
+                      const type = resource.split('.').pop() === 'js' ? 'script' : 'link';
 
-                      return modelResource(compilation.context, type, resource);
-                    });
+                      return await modelResource(compilation.context, type, resource);
+                    }));
 
                     result.frontmatter.imports = resources;
                     ssrFrontmatter = result.frontmatter;
@@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
                 });
 
                 worker.postMessage({
-                  modulePath: fullPath,
+                  moduleUrl: filenameUrl.href,
                   compilation: JSON.stringify(compilation),
                   route
                 });
@@ -216,7 +210,8 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
       };
 
       console.debug('building from local sources...');
-      if (fs.existsSync(new URL('./index.html', userWorkspace).pathname)) { // SPA
+      // test for SPA
+      if (await checkResourceExists(new URL('./index.html', userWorkspace))) {
         graph = [{
           ...graph[0],
           path: `${userWorkspace.pathname}index.html`,
@@ -224,8 +219,8 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
         }];
       } else {
         const oldGraph = graph[0];
-        
-        graph = fs.existsSync(pagesDir.pathname) ? await walkDirectoryForPages(pagesDir.pathname) : graph;
+
+        graph = await checkResourceExists(pagesDir) ? await walkDirectoryForPages(pagesDir) : graph;
 
         const has404Page = graph.filter(page => page.route === '/404/').length === 1;
 
@@ -271,7 +266,7 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
               path: null,
               data: {},
               imports: [],
-              outputPath: path.join(node.route, 'index.html'),
+              outputPath: `${node.route}index.html`,
               ...node,
               external: true
             });
@@ -281,11 +276,11 @@ const generateGraph = async (compilation) => {
 
       compilation.graph = graph;
 
-      if (!fs.existsSync(context.scratchDir.pathname)) {
-        await fs.promises.mkdir(context.scratchDir.pathname);
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(scratchDir)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(scratchDir);
       }
 
-      await fs.promises.writeFile(`${context.scratchDir.pathname}graph.json`, JSON.stringify(compilation.graph));
+      await fs.writeFile(new URL('./graph.json', scratchDir), JSON.stringify(compilation.graph));
 
       resolve(compilation);
     } catch (err) {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/prerender.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/prerender.js
index 6b8a30838..0fa273b2a 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/prerender.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/prerender.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import htmlparser from 'node-html-parser';
-import { modelResource } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import { checkResourceExists, modelResource } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import os from 'os';
 import { WorkerPool } from '../lib/threadpool.js';
 
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ function isLocalLink(url = '') {
   return url !== '' && (url.indexOf('http') !== 0 && url.indexOf('//') !== 0);
 }
 
-function createOutputDirectory(route, { pathname }) {
-  if (route !== '/404/' && !fs.existsSync(pathname)) {
-    fs.mkdirSync(pathname, {
+async function createOutputDirectory(route, outputDir) {
+  if (route !== '/404/' && !await checkResourceExists(outputDir)) {
+    await fs.mkdir(outputDir, {
       recursive: true
     });
   }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function createOutputDirectory(route, { pathname }) {
 // or could this be done sooner (like in appTemplate building in html resource plugin)?
 // Or do we need to ensure userland code / plugins have gone first
 // before we can curate the final list of <script> / <style> / <link> tags to bundle
-function trackResourcesForRoute(html, compilation, route) {
+async function trackResourcesForRoute(html, compilation, route) {
   const { context } = compilation;
   const root = htmlparser.parse(html, {
     script: true,
@@ -29,36 +29,36 @@ function trackResourcesForRoute(html, compilation, route) {
   });
 
   // intentionally support <script> tags from the <head> or <body>
-  const scripts = root.querySelectorAll('script')
+  const scripts = await Promise.all(root.querySelectorAll('script')
     .filter(script => (
       isLocalLink(script.getAttribute('src')) || script.rawText)
       && script.rawAttrs.indexOf('importmap') < 0)
-    .map(script => {
+    .map(async(script) => {
       const src = script.getAttribute('src');
       const optimizationAttr = script.getAttribute('data-gwd-opt');
       const { rawAttrs } = script;
 
       if (src) {
         // <script src="...."></script>
-        return modelResource(context, 'script', src, null, optimizationAttr, rawAttrs);
+        return await modelResource(context, 'script', src, null, optimizationAttr, rawAttrs);
       } else if (script.rawText) {
         // <script>...</script>
-        return modelResource(context, 'script', null, script.rawText, optimizationAttr, rawAttrs);
+        return await modelResource(context, 'script', null, script.rawText, optimizationAttr, rawAttrs);
       }
-    });
+    }));
 
-  const styles = root.querySelectorAll('style')
+  const styles = await Promise.all(root.querySelectorAll('style')
     .filter(style => !(/\$/).test(style.rawText) && !(/<!-- Shady DOM styles for -->/).test(style.rawText)) // filter out Shady DOM <style> tags that happen when using puppeteer
-    .map(style => modelResource(context, 'style', null, style.rawText, null, style.getAttribute('data-gwd-opt')));
+    .map(async(style) => await modelResource(context, 'style', null, style.rawText, null, style.getAttribute('data-gwd-opt'))));
 
-  const links = root.querySelectorAll('head link')
+  const links = await Promise.all(root.querySelectorAll('head link')
     .filter(link => {
       // <link rel="stylesheet" href="..."></link>
       return link.getAttribute('rel') === 'stylesheet'
         && link.getAttribute('href') && isLocalLink(link.getAttribute('href'));
-    }).map(link => {
+    }).map(async(link) => {
       return modelResource(context, 'link', link.getAttribute('href'), null, link.getAttribute('data-gwd-opt'), link.rawAttrs);
-    });
+    }));
 
   const resources = [
     ...scripts,
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ async function preRenderCompilationWorker(compilation, workerPrerender) {
     let body = await (await servePage(url, request, plugins)).text();
     body = await (await interceptPage(url, request, plugins, body)).text();
 
-    createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
+    await createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
 
-    const resources = trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
+    const resources = await trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
     const scripts = resources
       .filter(resource => resource.type === 'script')
       .map(resource => resource.sourcePathURL.href);
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ async function preRenderCompilationWorker(compilation, workerPrerender) {
       });
     });
 
-    await fs.promises.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
+    await fs.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
 
     console.info('generated page...', route);
   }
@@ -175,10 +175,9 @@ async function preRenderCompilationCustom(compilation, customPrerender) {
     // clean this up here to avoid sending webcomponents-bundle to rollup
     body = body.replace(/<script src="(.*webcomponents-bundle.js)"><\/script>/, '');
 
-    trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
-    createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
-
-    await fs.promises.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
+    await trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
+    await createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
+    await fs.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
 
     console.info('generated page...', route);
   });
@@ -201,10 +200,9 @@ async function staticRenderCompilation(compilation) {
     let body = await (await servePage(url, request, plugins)).text();
     body = await (await interceptPage(url, request, plugins, body)).text();
 
-    trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
-    createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
-
-    await fs.promises.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
+    await trackResourcesForRoute(body, compilation, route);
+    await createOutputDirectory(route, outputDirUrl);
+    await fs.writeFile(outputPathUrl, body);
 
     console.info('generated page...', route);
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/serve.js b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/serve.js
index e644cc40b..3a20b8310 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/serve.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/lifecycles/serve.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { hashString } from '../lib/hashing-utils.js';
 import Koa from 'koa';
 import { mergeResponse } from '../lib/resource-utils.js';
@@ -161,63 +161,79 @@ async function getStaticServer(compilation, composable) {
   });
 
   app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
-    const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
-    const matchingRoute = compilation.graph.find(page => page.route === url.pathname);
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
+      const matchingRoute = compilation.graph.find(page => page.route === url.pathname);
 
-    if ((matchingRoute && !matchingRoute.isSSR) || url.pathname.split('.').pop() === 'html') {
-      const pathname = matchingRoute ? matchingRoute.outputPath : url.pathname;
-      const body = await fs.promises.readFile(new URL(`./${pathname}`, outputDir), 'utf-8');
+      if ((matchingRoute && !matchingRoute.isSSR) || url.pathname.split('.').pop() === 'html') {
+        const pathname = matchingRoute ? matchingRoute.outputPath : url.pathname;
+        const body = await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${pathname}`, outputDir), 'utf-8');
 
-      ctx.set('Content-Type', 'text/html');
-      ctx.body = body;
+        ctx.set('Content-Type', 'text/html');
+        ctx.body = body;
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.status = 500;
+      console.error(e);
     }
 
     await next();
   });
 
   app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
-    const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
-    const request = new Request(url, {
-      method: ctx.request.method,
-      headers: ctx.request.header
-    });
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
+      const request = new Request(url, {
+        method: ctx.request.method,
+        headers: ctx.request.header
+      });
 
-    if (compilation.config.devServer.proxy) {
-      const proxyPlugin = standardResourcePlugins
-        .find((plugin) => plugin.name === 'plugin-dev-proxy')
-        .provider(compilation);
+      if (compilation.config.devServer.proxy) {
+        const proxyPlugin = standardResourcePlugins
+          .find((plugin) => plugin.name === 'plugin-dev-proxy')
+          .provider(compilation);
 
-      if (await proxyPlugin.shouldServe(url, request)) {
-        const response = await proxyPlugin.serve(url, request);
+        if (await proxyPlugin.shouldServe(url, request)) {
+          const response = await proxyPlugin.serve(url, request);
 
-        ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
-        ctx.set('Content-Type', response.headers.get('Content-Type'));
+          ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
+          ctx.set('Content-Type', response.headers.get('Content-Type'));
+        }
       }
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.status = 500;
+      console.error(e);
     }
 
     await next();
   });
 
   app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
-    const url = new URL(`.${ctx.url}`, outputDir.href);
-    const resourcePlugins = standardResourcePlugins.map((plugin) => {
-      return plugin.provider(compilation);
-    });
-    const request = new Request(url.href);
-    const initResponse = new Response(ctx.body, {
-      status: ctx.response.status,
-      headers: new Headers(ctx.response.header)
-    });
-    const response = await resourcePlugins.reduce(async (responsePromise, plugin) => {
-      return plugin.shouldServe && await plugin.shouldServe(url, request)
-        ? Promise.resolve(await plugin.serve(url, request))
-        : responsePromise;
-    }, Promise.resolve(initResponse));
-
-    if (response.ok) {
-      ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
-      ctx.type = response.headers.get('Content-Type');
-      ctx.status = response.status;
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(`.${ctx.url}`, outputDir.href);
+      const resourcePlugins = standardResourcePlugins.map((plugin) => {
+        return plugin.provider(compilation);
+      });
+
+      const request = new Request(url.href);
+      const initResponse = new Response(ctx.body, {
+        status: ctx.response.status,
+        headers: new Headers(ctx.response.header)
+      });
+      const response = await resourcePlugins.reduce(async (responsePromise, plugin) => {
+        return plugin.shouldServe && await plugin.shouldServe(url, request)
+          ? Promise.resolve(await plugin.serve(url, request))
+          : responsePromise;
+      }, Promise.resolve(initResponse));
+
+      if (response.ok) {
+        ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
+        ctx.type = response.headers.get('Content-Type');
+        ctx.status = response.status;
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.status = 500;
+      console.error(e);
     }
 
     if (composable) {
@@ -235,36 +251,41 @@ async function getHybridServer(compilation) {
   });
 
   app.use(async (ctx) => {
-    const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
-    const isApiRoute = url.pathname.startsWith('/api');
-    const matchingRoute = compilation.graph.find((node) => node.route === url.pathname) || { data: {} };
-    const request = new Request(url.href, {
-      method: ctx.request.method,
-      headers: ctx.request.header
-    });
-
-    if (matchingRoute.isSSR && !matchingRoute.data.static) {
-      const standardHtmlResource = resourcePlugins.find((plugin) => {
-        return plugin.isGreenwoodDefaultPlugin
-          && plugin.name.indexOf('plugin-standard-html') === 0;
-      }).provider(compilation);
-      let response = await standardHtmlResource.serve(url, request);
-
-      response = await standardHtmlResource.optimize(url, response);
-
-      ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
-      ctx.set('Content-Type', 'text/html');
-      ctx.status = 200;
-    } else if (isApiRoute) {
-      const apiResource = resourcePlugins.find((plugin) => {
-        return plugin.isGreenwoodDefaultPlugin
-          && plugin.name === 'plugin-api-routes';
-      }).provider(compilation);
-      const response = await apiResource.serve(url, request);
-
-      ctx.status = 200;
-      ctx.set('Content-Type', response.headers.get('Content-Type'));
-      ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(`http://localhost:8080${ctx.url}`);
+      const isApiRoute = url.pathname.startsWith('/api');
+      const matchingRoute = compilation.graph.find((node) => node.route === url.pathname) || { data: {} };
+      const request = new Request(url.href, {
+        method: ctx.request.method,
+        headers: ctx.request.header
+      });
+
+      if (matchingRoute.isSSR && !matchingRoute.data.static) {
+        const standardHtmlResource = resourcePlugins.find((plugin) => {
+          return plugin.isGreenwoodDefaultPlugin
+            && plugin.name.indexOf('plugin-standard-html') === 0;
+        }).provider(compilation);
+        let response = await standardHtmlResource.serve(url, request);
+
+        response = await standardHtmlResource.optimize(url, response);
+
+        ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
+        ctx.set('Content-Type', 'text/html');
+        ctx.status = 200;
+      } else if (isApiRoute) {
+        const apiResource = resourcePlugins.find((plugin) => {
+          return plugin.isGreenwoodDefaultPlugin
+            && plugin.name === 'plugin-api-routes';
+        }).provider(compilation);
+        const response = await apiResource.serve(url, request);
+
+        ctx.status = 200;
+        ctx.set('Content-Type', response.headers.get('Content-Type'));
+        ctx.body = Readable.from(response.body);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      ctx.status = 500;
+      console.error(e);
     }
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-assets.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-assets.js
index 9533ba1f4..6fb781d02 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-assets.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-assets.js
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 const greenwoodPluginCopyAssets = [{
   type: 'copy',
   name: 'plugin-copy-assets',
-  provider: (compilation) => {
+  provider: async (compilation) => {
     const { outputDir, userWorkspace } = compilation.context;
     const fromAssetsDirUrl = new URL('./assets/', userWorkspace);
     const assets = [];
 
-    if (fs.existsSync(fromAssetsDirUrl.pathname)) {
+    if (await checkResourceExists(fromAssetsDirUrl)) {
       assets.push({
         from: fromAssetsDirUrl,
         to: new URL('./assets/', outputDir)
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-favicon.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-favicon.js
index f55247395..ba554d055 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-favicon.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-favicon.js
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 const greenwoodPluginCopyFavicon = [{
   type: 'copy',
   name: 'plugin-copy-favicon',
-  provider: (compilation) => {
+  provider: async (compilation) => {
     const fileName = 'favicon.ico';
     const { outputDir, userWorkspace } = compilation.context;
-    const robotsPathUrl = new URL(`./${fileName}`, userWorkspace);
+    const faviconPathUrl = new URL(`./${fileName}`, userWorkspace);
     const assets = [];
 
-    if (fs.existsSync(robotsPathUrl.pathname)) {
+    if (await checkResourceExists(faviconPathUrl)) {
       assets.push({
-        from: robotsPathUrl,
+        from: faviconPathUrl,
         to: new URL(`./${fileName}`, outputDir)
       });
     }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-robots.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-robots.js
index 9c4215358..5e2fe03d2 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-robots.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/copy/plugin-copy-robots.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
 
 const greenwoodPluginCopyRobots = [{
   type: 'copy',
   name: 'plugin-copy-robots',
-  provider: (compilation) => {
+  provider: async (compilation) => {
     const fileName = 'robots.txt';
     const { outputDir, userWorkspace } = compilation.context;
     const robotsPathUrl = new URL(`./${fileName}`, userWorkspace);
     const assets = [];
 
-    if (fs.existsSync(robotsPathUrl.pathname)) {
+    if (await checkResourceExists(robotsPathUrl)) {
       assets.push({
         from: robotsPathUrl,
         to: new URL(`./${fileName}`, outputDir)
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-api-routes.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-api-routes.js
index 3dcd7462a..da39f3e30 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-api-routes.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-api-routes.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Manages routing to API routes.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class ApiRoutesResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ class ApiRoutesResource extends ResourceInterface {
   }
 
   async shouldServe(url) {
-    const apiPathUrl = new URL(`.${url.pathname.replace('/api', '')}.js`, this.compilation.context.apisDir);
+    const { protocol, pathname } = url;
+    const apiPathUrl = new URL(`.${pathname.replace('/api', '')}.js`, this.compilation.context.apisDir);
 
-    // TODO Could this existence check be derived from the graph instead, like pages are?
-    // https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/issues/946
-    return url.protocol.indexOf('http') === 0
-      && url.pathname.startsWith('/api')
-      && fs.existsSync(apiPathUrl.pathname);
+    if (protocol.startsWith('http') && pathname.startsWith('/api') && await checkResourceExists(apiPathUrl)) {
+      return true;
+    }
   }
 
   async serve(url, request) {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-node-modules.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-node-modules.js
index 0efc00b7e..cd996fd5d 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-node-modules.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-node-modules.js
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
  * Detects and fully resolves requests to node_modules and handles creating an importMap.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { nodeResolve } from '@rollup/plugin-node-resolve';
 import replace from '@rollup/plugin-replace';
 import { getNodeModulesLocationForPackage, getPackageNameFromUrl } from '../../lib/node-modules-utils.js';
@@ -33,25 +34,27 @@ class NodeModulesResource extends ResourceInterface {
     // use node modules resolution logic first, else hope for the best from the root of the project
     const absoluteNodeModulesPathname = absoluteNodeModulesLocation
       ? `${absoluteNodeModulesLocation}${packagePathPieces.join('/').replace(packageName, '')}`
-      : this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, projectDirectory).pathname;
+      : (await this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, projectDirectory)).pathname;
 
     return new Request(`file://${absoluteNodeModulesPathname}`);
   }
 
   async shouldServe(url) {
-    const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop();
+    const { href, pathname, protocol } = url;
+    const extension = pathname.split('.').pop();
+    const existsAsJs = protocol === 'file:' && await checkResourceExists(new URL(`${href}.js`));
 
     return extension === 'mjs'
-      || extension === '' && fs.existsSync(`${url}.js`)
+      || extension === '' && existsAsJs
       || extension === 'js' && url.pathname.startsWith('/node_modules/');
   }
 
   async serve(url) {
     const pathname = url.pathname;
-    const pathnameExtended = pathname.split('.').pop() === ''
-      ? `${pathname}.js`
-      : pathname;
-    const body = await fs.promises.readFile(pathnameExtended, 'utf-8');
+    const urlExtended = pathname.split('.').pop() === ''
+      ? new URL(`file://${pathname}.js`)
+      : url;
+    const body = await fs.readFile(urlExtended, 'utf-8');
 
     return new Response(body, {
       headers: new Headers({
@@ -68,6 +71,10 @@ class NodeModulesResource extends ResourceInterface {
     const { projectDirectory, userWorkspace } = this.compilation.context;
     let body = await response.text();
     const hasHead = body.match(/\<head>(.*)<\/head>/s);
+    const monorepoPackageJsonUrl = new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace);
+    const topLevelPackageJsonUrl = new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory);
+    const hasMonorepoPackageJson = await checkResourceExists(monorepoPackageJsonUrl);
+    const hasTopLevelPackageJson = await checkResourceExists(topLevelPackageJsonUrl);
 
     if (hasHead && hasHead.length > 0) {
       const contents = hasHead[0].replace(/type="module"/g, 'type="module-shim"');
@@ -75,11 +82,10 @@ class NodeModulesResource extends ResourceInterface {
       body = body.replace(/\<head>(.*)<\/head>/s, contents.replace(/\$/g, '$$$')); // https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/issues/656);
     }
 
-    // handle for monorepos too
-    const userPackageJson = fs.existsSync(new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace).pathname)
-      ? JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace), 'utf-8')) // its a monorepo?
-      : fs.existsSync(new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory).pathname)
-        ? JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory)))
+    const userPackageJson = hasMonorepoPackageJson // handle monorepos first
+      ? JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(monorepoPackageJsonUrl, 'utf-8'))
+      : hasTopLevelPackageJson
+        ? JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(topLevelPackageJsonUrl, 'utf-8'))
         : {};
     
     // if there are dependencies and we haven't generated the importMap already
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-source-maps.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-source-maps.js
index 2813523cb..320915bdd 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-source-maps.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-source-maps.js
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
  * Detects and fully resolve requests to source map (.map) files.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class SourceMapsResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -14,11 +15,11 @@ class SourceMapsResource extends ResourceInterface {
   }
 
   async shouldServe(url) {
-    return url.pathname.split('.').pop() === this.extensions[0] && fs.existsSync(url.pathname);
+    return url.pathname.split('.').pop() === this.extensions[0] && await checkResourceExists(url);
   }
 
   async serve(url) {
-    const body = await fs.promises.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
+    const body = await fs.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
 
     return new Response(body, {
       headers: new Headers({
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-css.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-css.js
index de38750df..e5f875b06 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-css.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-css.js
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ function bundleCss(body, url, projectDirectory) {
           const resolvedUrl = value.startsWith('/node_modules')
             ? new URL(`.${value}`, projectDirectory)
             : new URL(value, url);
-          const importContents = fs.readFileSync(resolvedUrl.pathname, 'utf-8');
+          // TODO intentionally using sync, unless csstree can support an async walk?
+          const importContents = fs.readFileSync(resolvedUrl, 'utf-8');
 
           optimizedCss += bundleCss(importContents, url, projectDirectory);
         } else {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-font.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-font.js
index 66c3dc321..ab6b71e3e 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-font.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-font.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class StandardFontResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class StandardFontResource extends ResourceInterface {
   async serve(url) {
     const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop();
     const contentType = extension === 'eot' ? 'application/vnd.ms-fontobject' : extension;
-    const body = await fs.promises.readFile(url);
+    const body = await fs.readFile(url);
 
     return new Response(body, {
       headers: new Headers({
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-html.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-html.js
index e9ea93338..0723730fe 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-html.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-html.js
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
 import frontmatter from 'front-matter';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import htmlparser from 'node-html-parser';
 import path from 'path';
 import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify';
@@ -18,56 +19,70 @@ import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 import unified from 'unified';
 import { Worker } from 'worker_threads';
 
-function getCustomPageTemplates(contextPlugins, templateName) {
-  return contextPlugins
+async function getCustomPageTemplatesFromPlugins(contextPlugins, templateName) {
+  const customTemplateLocations = [];
+  const templateDir = contextPlugins
     .map(plugin => plugin.templates)
-    .flat()
-    .filter((templateDirUrl) => {
-      return templateName && fs.existsSync(new URL(`./${templateName}.html`, templateDirUrl).pathname);
-    });
+    .flat();
+
+  for (const templateDirUrl of templateDir) {
+    if (templateName) {
+      const templateUrl = new URL(`./${templateName}.html`, templateDirUrl);
+
+      if (await checkResourceExists(templateUrl)) {
+        customTemplateLocations.push(templateUrl);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return customTemplateLocations;
 }
 
-// TODO use URL more here
-const getPageTemplate = async (filePath, templatesDir, template, contextPlugins = [], pagesDir) => {
-  const customPluginDefaultPageTemplates = getCustomPageTemplates(contextPlugins, 'page');
-  const customPluginPageTemplates = getCustomPageTemplates(contextPlugins, template);
+const getPageTemplate = async (filePath, { userTemplatesDir, pagesDir, projectDirectory }, template, contextPlugins = []) => {
+  const customPluginDefaultPageTemplates = await getCustomPageTemplatesFromPlugins(contextPlugins, 'page');
+  const customPluginPageTemplates = await getCustomPageTemplatesFromPlugins(contextPlugins, template);
   const extension = filePath.split('.').pop();
-  const is404Page = path.basename(filePath).indexOf('404') === 0 && extension === 'html';
+  const is404Page = filePath.startsWith('404') && extension === 'html';
+  const hasCustomTemplate = await checkResourceExists(new URL(`./${template}.html`, userTemplatesDir));
+  const hasPageTemplate = await checkResourceExists(new URL('./page.html', userTemplatesDir));
+  const hasCustom404Page = await checkResourceExists(new URL('./404.html', pagesDir));
+  const isHtmlPage = extension === 'html' && await checkResourceExists(new URL(`./${filePath}`, projectDirectory));
   let contents;
 
-  if (template && customPluginPageTemplates.length > 0 || fs.existsSync(new URL(`./${template}.html`, templatesDir).pathname)) {
+  if (template && (customPluginPageTemplates.length > 0 || hasCustomTemplate)) {
     // use a custom template, usually from markdown frontmatter
     contents = customPluginPageTemplates.length > 0
-      ? await fs.promises.readFile(`${customPluginPageTemplates[0].pathname}${template}.html`, 'utf-8')
-      : await fs.promises.readFile(new URL(`./${template}.html`, templatesDir), 'utf-8');
-  } else if (extension === 'html' && fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
+      ? await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${template}.html`, customPluginPageTemplates[0]), 'utf-8')
+      : await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${template}.html`, userTemplatesDir), 'utf-8');
+  } else if (isHtmlPage) {
     // if the page is already HTML, use that as the template, NOT accounting for 404 pages
-    contents = await fs.promises.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
-  } else if (customPluginDefaultPageTemplates.length > 0 || (!is404Page && fs.existsSync(new URL('./page.html', templatesDir).pathname))) {
+    contents = await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${filePath}`, projectDirectory), 'utf-8');
+  } else if (customPluginDefaultPageTemplates.length > 0 || (!is404Page && hasPageTemplate)) {
     // else look for default page template from the user
     // and 404 pages should be their own "top level" template
     contents = customPluginDefaultPageTemplates.length > 0
-      ? await fs.promises.readFile(`${customPluginDefaultPageTemplates[0].pathname}page.html`, 'utf-8')
-      : await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./page.html', templatesDir), 'utf-8');
-  } else if (is404Page && !fs.existsSync(new URL('./404.html', pagesDir).pathname)) {
-    contents = await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('../../templates/404.html', import.meta.url).pathname, 'utf-8');
+      ? await fs.readFile(new URL('./page.html', customPluginDefaultPageTemplates[0]), 'utf-8')
+      : await fs.readFile(new URL('./page.html', userTemplatesDir), 'utf-8');
+  } else if (is404Page && !hasCustom404Page) {
+    contents = await fs.readFile(new URL('../../templates/404.html', import.meta.url), 'utf-8');
   } else {
     // fallback to using Greenwood's stock page template
-    contents = await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('../../templates/page.html', import.meta.url).pathname, 'utf-8');
+    contents = await fs.readFile(new URL('../../templates/page.html', import.meta.url), 'utf-8');
   }
 
   return contents;
 };
 
 const getAppTemplate = async (pageTemplateContents, templatesDir, customImports = [], contextPlugins, enableHud, frontmatterTitle) => {
-  const userAppTemplatePath = new URL('./app.html', templatesDir);
-  const customAppTemplates = getCustomPageTemplates(contextPlugins, 'app');
+  const userAppTemplateUrl = new URL('./app.html', templatesDir);
+  const customAppTemplatesFromPlugins = await getCustomPageTemplatesFromPlugins(contextPlugins, 'app');
+  const hasCustomUserAppTemplate = await checkResourceExists(userAppTemplateUrl);
+  let appTemplateContents = customAppTemplatesFromPlugins.length > 0
+    ? await fs.readFile(new URL('./app.html', customAppTemplatesFromPlugins[0]))
+    : hasCustomUserAppTemplate
+      ? await fs.readFile(userAppTemplateUrl, 'utf-8')
+      : await fs.readFile(new URL('../../templates/app.html', import.meta.url), 'utf-8');
   let mergedTemplateContents = '';
-  let appTemplateContents = customAppTemplates.length > 0
-    ? await fs.promises.readFile(`${customAppTemplates[0].pathname}app.html`)
-    : fs.existsSync(userAppTemplatePath.pathname)
-      ? await fs.promises.readFile(userAppTemplatePath, 'utf-8')
-      : await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('../../templates/app.html', import.meta.url), 'utf-8');
 
   const pageRoot = htmlparser.parse(pageTemplateContents, {
     script: true,
@@ -174,10 +189,15 @@ const getUserScripts = async (contents, context) => {
   // https://lit.dev/docs/tools/requirements/#polyfills
   if (process.env.__GWD_COMMAND__ === 'build') { // eslint-disable-line no-underscore-dangle
     const { projectDirectory, userWorkspace } = context;
-    const dependencies = fs.existsSync(new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace).pathname) // handle monorepos first
-      ? JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace), 'utf-8')).dependencies
-      : fs.existsSync(new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory).pathname)
-        ? JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory), 'utf-8')).dependencies
+    const monorepoPackageJsonUrl = new URL('./package.json', userWorkspace);
+    const topLevelPackageJsonUrl = new URL('./package.json', projectDirectory);
+    const hasMonorepoPackageJson = await checkResourceExists(monorepoPackageJsonUrl);
+    const hasTopLevelPackageJson = await checkResourceExists(topLevelPackageJsonUrl);
+
+    const dependencies = hasMonorepoPackageJson // handle monorepos first
+      ? JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(monorepoPackageJsonUrl, 'utf-8')).dependencies
+      : hasTopLevelPackageJson
+        ? JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(topLevelPackageJsonUrl, 'utf-8')).dependencies
         : {};
 
     const litPolyfill = dependencies && dependencies.lit
@@ -209,10 +229,10 @@ class StandardHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
 
   async serve(url) {
     const { config } = this.compilation;
-    const { pagesDir, userTemplatesDir } = this.compilation.context;
+    const { pagesDir, userTemplatesDir, userWorkspace } = this.compilation.context;
     const { interpolateFrontmatter } = config;
     const { pathname } = url;
-    const isSpaRoute = this.compilation.graph[0].isSPA;
+    const isSpaRoute = this.compilation.graph.find(node => node.isSPA);
     const matchingRoute = this.compilation.graph.find((node) => node.route === pathname) || {};
     const filePath = !matchingRoute.external ? matchingRoute.path : '';
     const isMarkdownContent = (matchingRoute?.filename || '').split('.').pop() === 'md';
@@ -232,7 +252,7 @@ class StandardHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
     }
 
     if (isMarkdownContent) {
-      const markdownContents = await fs.promises.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
+      const markdownContents = await fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf-8');
       const rehypePlugins = [];
       const remarkPlugins = [];
 
@@ -317,7 +337,7 @@ class StandardHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
         });
 
         worker.postMessage({
-          modulePath: routeModuleLocationUrl.pathname,
+          moduleUrl: routeModuleLocationUrl.href,
           compilation: JSON.stringify(this.compilation),
           route: matchingRoute.path
         });
@@ -332,9 +352,9 @@ class StandardHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
     });
 
     if (isSpaRoute) {
-      body = fs.readFileSync(this.compilation.graph[0].path, 'utf-8');
+      body = await fs.readFile(new URL(`./${isSpaRoute.filename}`, userWorkspace), 'utf-8');
     } else {
-      body = ssrTemplate ? ssrTemplate : await getPageTemplate(filePath, userTemplatesDir, template, contextPlugins, pagesDir);
+      body = ssrTemplate ? ssrTemplate : await getPageTemplate(filePath, this.compilation.context, template, contextPlugins);
     }
 
     body = await getAppTemplate(body, userTemplatesDir, customImports, contextPlugins, config.devServer.hud, title);
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-image.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-image.js
index f371a2a9f..b67ae63a7 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-image.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-image.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class StandardFontResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class StandardFontResource extends ResourceInterface {
   async serve(url) {
     const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop();
     const type = extension === 'svg' ? `${extension}+xml` : extension;
-    const body = await fs.promises.readFile(url);
+    const body = await fs.readFile(url);
     const contentType = extension === 'ico'
       ? 'x-icon'
       : type;
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-javascript.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-javascript.js
index e85641280..987ac8b37 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-javascript.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-javascript.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 import terser from '@rollup/plugin-terser';
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class StandardJavaScriptResource extends ResourceInterface {
   }
 
   async serve(url) {
-    const body = await fs.promises.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
-    
+    const body = await fs.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
+
     return new Response(body, {
       headers: {
         'Content-Type': this.contentType
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-json.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-json.js
index 12424dc67..0192910b1 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-json.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-standard-json.js
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class StandardJsonResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class StandardJsonResource extends ResourceInterface {
     const { protocol, pathname } = url;
     const isJson = pathname.split('.').pop() === this.extensions[0];
     const isGraphJson = pathname === '/graph.json';
-    const isWorkspaceFile = protocol === 'file:' && fs.existsSync(url);
+    const isWorkspaceFile = protocol === 'file:' && await checkResourceExists(url);
 
     return isJson && (isWorkspaceFile || isGraphJson);
   }
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class StandardJsonResource extends ResourceInterface {
     const finalUrl = pathname.startsWith('/graph.json')
       ? new URL('./graph.json', scratchDir)
       : url;
-    const contents = await fs.promises.readFile(finalUrl, 'utf-8');
+    const contents = await fs.readFile(finalUrl, 'utf-8');
 
     return new Response(contents, {
       headers: new Headers({
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-static-router.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-static-router.js
index 3f3d508e1..9d3046dbc 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-static-router.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-static-router.js
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '../../lib/resource-utils.js';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class StaticRouterResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class StaticRouterResource extends ResourceInterface {
     const { outputDir } = this.compilation.context;
     const partial = body.match(/<body>(.*)<\/body>/s)[0].replace('<body>', '').replace('</body>', '');
     const outputPartialDirUrl = new URL(`./_routes${url.pathname}`, outputDir);
-    const outputPartialDirPath = outputPartialDirUrl.pathname.split('/').slice(0, -1).join('/');
+    const outputPartialDirPathUrl = new URL(`file://${outputPartialDirUrl.pathname.split('/').slice(0, -1).join('/').concat('/')}`);
     let currentTemplate;
 
     const routeTags = this.compilation.graph
@@ -83,13 +84,13 @@ class StaticRouterResource extends ResourceInterface {
       });
 
     if (isStaticRoute) {
-      if (!fs.existsSync(outputPartialDirPath)) {
-        fs.mkdirSync(outputPartialDirPath, {
+      if (!await checkResourceExists(outputPartialDirPathUrl)) {
+        await fs.mkdir(outputPartialDirPathUrl, {
           recursive: true
         });
       }
 
-      await fs.promises.writeFile(new URL('./index.html', outputPartialDirUrl), partial);
+      await fs.writeFile(new URL('./index.html', outputPartialDirUrl), partial);
     }
 
     body = body.replace('</head>', `
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-user-workspace.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-user-workspace.js
index 2bd002997..4e40f93e3 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-user-workspace.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/resource/plugin-user-workspace.js
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class UserWorkspaceResource extends ResourceInterface {
 
     return this.hasExtension(url)
       && !url.pathname.startsWith('/node_modules')
-      && this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, userWorkspace);
+      && await this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, userWorkspace);
   }
 
   async resolve(url) {
     const { userWorkspace } = this.compilation.context;
-    const workspaceUrl = this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, userWorkspace);
+    const workspaceUrl = await this.resolveForRelativeUrl(url, userWorkspace);
 
     return new Request(workspaceUrl);
   }
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/plugins/server/plugin-livereload.js b/packages/cli/src/plugins/server/plugin-livereload.js
index 8042260f4..8b974179c 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/plugins/server/plugin-livereload.js
+++ b/packages/cli/src/plugins/server/plugin-livereload.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import livereload from 'livereload';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '../../lib/resource-interface.js';
 import { ServerInterface } from '../../lib/server-interface.js';
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class LiveReloadServer extends ServerInterface {
   async start() {
     const { userWorkspace } = this.compilation.context;
     const standardPluginsDirectoryPath = new URL('../resource/', import.meta.url);
-    const standardPluginsNames = fs.readdirSync(standardPluginsDirectoryPath)
+    const standardPluginsNames = (await fs.readdir(standardPluginsDirectoryPath))
       .filter(filename => filename.indexOf('plugin-standard') === 0);
     const standardPluginsExtensions = (await Promise.all(standardPluginsNames.map(async (filename) => {
       const pluginImport = await import(new URL(`./${filename}`, standardPluginsDirectoryPath));
diff --git a/packages/cli/test/cases/build.plugins.context/theme-pack-context-plugin.js b/packages/cli/test/cases/build.plugins.context/theme-pack-context-plugin.js
index bec4571d8..56310dcbf 100644
--- a/packages/cli/test/cases/build.plugins.context/theme-pack-context-plugin.js
+++ b/packages/cli/test/cases/build.plugins.context/theme-pack-context-plugin.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import os from 'os';
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 
-const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
+const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
 const myThemePackPlugin = () => [{
   type: 'context',
   name: 'my-theme-pack:context',
diff --git a/packages/cli/test/cases/develop.default/develop.default.spec.js b/packages/cli/test/cases/develop.default/develop.default.spec.js
index 236c97892..f31b99979 100644
--- a/packages/cli/test/cases/develop.default/develop.default.spec.js
+++ b/packages/cli/test/cases/develop.default/develop.default.spec.js
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import { fileURLToPath, URL } from 'url';
 
 const expect = chai.expect;
 
+// TODO good first issue, to abstract along with copy plugin
 async function rreaddir (dir, allFiles = []) {
   const files = (await fs.promises.readdir(dir)).map(f => path.join(dir, f));
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ describe('Develop Greenwood With: ', function() {
     this.context = {
       hostname: `${hostname}:${port}`
     };
-    runner = new Runner();
+    runner = new Runner(true);
   });
 
   describe(LABEL, function() {
diff --git a/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/greenwood.config.js b/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/greenwood.config.js
index 984824c64..f17341c19 100644
--- a/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/greenwood.config.js
+++ b/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/greenwood.config.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { myThemePack } from './my-theme-pack.js';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
-import { URL } from 'url';
 
-const packageName = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8')).name;
+const packageName = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8')).name;
 
 class MyThemePackDevelopmentResource extends ResourceInterface {
   constructor(compilation, options) {
diff --git a/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/my-theme-pack.js b/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/my-theme-pack.js
index 9ef3fc6e6..745f70710 100644
--- a/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/my-theme-pack.js
+++ b/packages/cli/test/cases/theme-pack/my-theme-pack.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 
-const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
+const packageJson = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('./package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
 const myThemePack = (options = {}) => [{
   type: 'context',
   name: `${packageJson.name}:context`,
diff --git a/packages/plugin-babel/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-babel/src/index.js
index 4a6c0b90a..56531c955 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-babel/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-babel/src/index.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  */
 import babel from '@babel/core';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 import rollupBabelPlugin from '@rollup/plugin-babel';
 
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ async function getConfig(compilation, extendConfig = false) {
   const { projectDirectory } = compilation.context;
   const configFile = 'babel.config.mjs';
   const defaultConfig = (await import(new URL(`./${configFile}`, import.meta.url))).default;
-  const userConfig = fs.existsSync(new URL(`./${configFile}`, projectDirectory).pathname)
+  const userConfig = await checkResourceExists(new URL(`./${configFile}`, projectDirectory))
     ? (await import(`${projectDirectory}/${configFile}`)).default
     : {};
-  let finalConfig = Object.assign({}, userConfig);
+  const finalConfig = Object.assign({}, userConfig);
 
   if (extendConfig) {    
     finalConfig.presets = Array.isArray(userConfig.presets)
diff --git a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/core/cache.js b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/core/cache.js
index eda38878b..52cd82845 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/core/cache.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/core/cache.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import ApolloCore from '@apollo/client/core/core.cjs.js';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { gql } from 'apollo-server';
 import { getQueryHash } from './common.js';
 
@@ -30,12 +31,12 @@ const createCache = async (req, context) => {
         const hashFilename = `${queryHash}-cache.json`;
         const cachePath = new URL(`./${hashFilename}`, outputDir);
 
-        if (!fs.existsSync(outputDir.pathname)) {
-          fs.mkdirSync(outputDir.pathname);
+        if (!await checkResourceExists(outputDir)) {
+          await fs.mkdir(outputDir);
         }
 
-        if (!fs.existsSync(cachePath.pathname)) {
-          fs.writeFileSync(cachePath.pathname, cache, 'utf8');
+        if (!await checkResourceExists(cachePath)) {
+          await fs.writeFile(cachePath, cache, 'utf-8');
         }
       }
       
diff --git a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/index.js
index 9bda02ef8..0d2353bd5 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { graphqlServer } from './core/server.js';
 import { mergeImportMap } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/walker-package-ranger.js';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class GraphQLResource extends ResourceInterface {
   }
 
   async serve(url) {
-    const js = await fs.promises.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
+    const js = await fs.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
     const body = `
       export default \`${js}\`;
     `;
diff --git a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/schema/schema.js b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/schema/schema.js
index cb1a34634..7f1dd0fad 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-graphql/src/schema/schema.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-graphql/src/schema/schema.js
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+import { checkResourceExists } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js';
 import { makeExecutableSchema } from 'apollo-server-express';
 import { configTypeDefs, configResolvers } from './config.js';
 import { graphTypeDefs, graphResolvers } from './graph.js';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import gql from 'graphql-tag';
 
 const createSchema = async (compilation) => {
@@ -34,9 +35,9 @@ const createSchema = async (compilation) => {
       }
     `;
 
-    if (fs.existsSync(customSchemasUrl.pathname)) {
+    if (await checkResourceExists(customSchemasUrl)) {
       console.log('custom schemas directory detected, scanning...');
-      const schemaPaths = (await fs.promises.readdir(customSchemasUrl))
+      const schemaPaths = (await fs.readdir(customSchemasUrl))
         .filter(file => file.split('.').pop() === 'js');
 
       for (const schemaPath of schemaPaths) {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-import-commonjs/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-import-commonjs/src/index.js
index d7610e5a3..51fcfe897 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-import-commonjs/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-import-commonjs/src/index.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  */
 import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { parse, init } from 'cjs-module-lexer';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 import rollupStream from '@rollup/stream';
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const testForCjsModule = async(url) => {
   if (pathname.split('.').pop() === '.js' && pathname.startsWith('/node_modules/') && pathname.indexOf('es-module-shims.js') < 0) {
     try {
       await init();
-      const body = await fs.promises.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
+      const body = await fs.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
       await parse(body);
 
       isCommonJs = true;
diff --git a/packages/plugin-import-css/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-import-css/src/index.js
index 6619fd648..333b25fda 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-import-css/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-import-css/src/index.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Enables using JavaScript to import CSS files, using ESM syntax.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class ImportCssResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ImportCssResource extends ResourceInterface {
 
   // https://github.com/ProjectEvergreen/greenwood/issues/700
   async shouldResolve(url) {
-    return url.pathname.endsWith(`.${this.extensions[0]}`) && fs.existsSync(`${url.pathname}.js`);
+    return url.pathname.endsWith(`.${this.extensions[0]}`) && await checkResourceExists(url);
   }
 
   async resolve(url) {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-import-json/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-import-json/src/index.js
index 229b1d5d2..ebfff8f5e 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-import-json/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-import-json/src/index.js
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
  * This is a Greenwood default plugin.
  *
  */
-// import fs from 'fs';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class ImportJsonResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ class ImportJsonResource extends ResourceInterface {
   async shouldIntercept(url) {
     const { pathname } = url;
 
-    return pathname.split('.').pop() === this.extensions[0] || (url.searchParams.has('type') && url.searchParams.get('type') === this.extensions[0]);
+    return pathname.split('.').pop() === this.extensions[0] && (url.searchParams.has('type') && url.searchParams.get('type') === this.extensions[0]);
   }
 
   async intercept(url, request, response) {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-include-html/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-include-html/src/index.js
index f9c81a218..12682e661 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-include-html/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-include-html/src/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 
 class IncludeHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class IncludeHtmlResource extends ResourceInterface {
       for (const link of htmlIncludeLinks) {
         const href = link.match(/href="(.*)"/)[1];
         const prefix = href.startsWith('/') ? '.' : '';
-        const includeContents = await fs.promises.readFile(new URL(`${prefix}${href}`, this.compilation.context.userWorkspace), 'utf-8');
+        const includeContents = await fs.readFile(new URL(`${prefix}${href}`, this.compilation.context.userWorkspace), 'utf-8');
 
         body = body.replace(link, includeContents);
       }
diff --git a/packages/plugin-include-html/test/cases/build.default-custom-element/src/components/footer.js b/packages/plugin-include-html/test/cases/build.default-custom-element/src/components/footer.js
index f2a883938..c62e8b7de 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-include-html/test/cases/build.default-custom-element/src/components/footer.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-include-html/test/cases/build.default-custom-element/src/components/footer.js
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
-import { fileURLToPath, URL } from 'url';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 
 const getTemplate = async (data) => {
   return `
@@ -12,9 +11,8 @@ const getTemplate = async (data) => {
 };
 
 const getData = async () => {
-  const dataPath = fileURLToPath(new URL('../../package.json', import.meta.url));
-  const data = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(dataPath, 'utf-8'));
-
+  const dataUrl = new URL('../../package.json', import.meta.url);
+  const data = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(dataUrl, 'utf-8'));
   const { version } = data;
 
   return { version };
diff --git a/packages/plugin-postcss/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-postcss/src/index.js
index 7f952f48b..fd01ce3f7 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-postcss/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-postcss/src/index.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Enable using PostCSS process for CSS files.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import { checkResourceExists, normalizePathnameForWindows } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-utils.js';
 import postcss from 'postcss';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ async function getConfig (compilation, extendConfig = false) {
   const { projectDirectory } = compilation.context;
   const configFile = 'postcss.config';
   const defaultConfig = (await import(new URL(`./${configFile}.js`, import.meta.url))).default;
-  const userConfig = fs.existsSync(new URL(`./${configFile}.mjs`, projectDirectory).pathname)
-    ? (await import(new URL(`./${configFile}.mjs`, projectDirectory))).default
+  const userConfigUrl = new URL(`./${configFile}.mjs`, projectDirectory);
+  const userConfig = await checkResourceExists(userConfigUrl)
+    ? (await import(userConfigUrl)).default
     : {};
-  let finalConfig = Object.assign({}, userConfig);
+  const finalConfig = Object.assign({}, userConfig);
 
   if (userConfig && extendConfig) {
     finalConfig.plugins = Array.isArray(userConfig.plugins)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class PostCssResource extends ResourceInterface {
     const plugins = config.plugins || [];
     const body = await response.text();
     const css = plugins.length > 0
-      ? (await postcss(plugins).process(body, { from: url.pathname })).css
+      ? (await postcss(plugins).process(body, { from: normalizePathnameForWindows(url) })).css
       : body;
 
     return new Response(css);
diff --git a/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/src/ssr-route-worker-lit.js b/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/src/ssr-route-worker-lit.js
index 24e042a91..4d96c71fa 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/src/ssr-route-worker-lit.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/src/ssr-route-worker-lit.js
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { render } from '@lit-labs/ssr/lib/render-with-global-dom-shim.js';
 import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
 import { html } from 'lit';
 import { unsafeHTML } from 'lit-html/directives/unsafe-html.js';
-import { pathToFileURL } from 'url';
 import { Readable } from 'stream';
 import { parentPort } from 'worker_threads';
 
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ async function getTemplateResultString(template) {
   return await streamToString(Readable.from(render(template)));
 }
 
-async function executeRouteModule({ modulePath, compilation, route, label, id, prerender, htmlContents, scripts }) {
+async function executeRouteModule({ moduleUrl, compilation, route, label, id, prerender, htmlContents, scripts }) {
   const parsedCompilation = JSON.parse(compilation);
   const parsedScripts = scripts ? JSON.parse(scripts) : [];
   const data = {
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@ async function executeRouteModule({ modulePath, compilation, route, label, id, p
     html: null
   };
 
+  console.debug({ moduleUrl });
   // prerender static content
   if (prerender) {
     for (const script of parsedScripts) {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ async function executeRouteModule({ modulePath, compilation, route, label, id, p
 
     data.html = await getTemplateResultString(templateResult);
   } else {
-    const module = await import(pathToFileURL(modulePath)).then(module => module);
+    const module = await import(moduleUrl).then(module => module);
     const { getTemplate = null, getBody = null, getFrontmatter = null } = module;
 
     if (module.default && module.tagName) {
diff --git a/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/test/cases/build.default/src/pages/artists.js b/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/test/cases/build.default/src/pages/artists.js
index 2bdf8c57f..5e2e8ab04 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/test/cases/build.default/src/pages/artists.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-renderer-lit/test/cases/build.default/src/pages/artists.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { html } from 'lit';
 import { unsafeHTML } from 'lit-html/directives/unsafe-html.js';
 import '../components/greeting.js';
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async function getTemplate(compilation, route) {
 }
 
 async function getBody() {
-  const artists = JSON.parse(await fs.promises.readFile(new URL('../../artists.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
+  const artists = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('../../artists.json', import.meta.url), 'utf-8'));
 
   return html`
     <h1>Lit SSR response</h1>
diff --git a/packages/plugin-typescript/src/index.js b/packages/plugin-typescript/src/index.js
index 2ac09bbf7..027a642c7 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-typescript/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/plugin-typescript/src/index.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * Enables using JavaScript to import TypeScript files, using ESM syntax.
  *
  */
-import fs from 'fs';
+import fs from 'fs/promises';
 import { ResourceInterface } from '@greenwood/cli/src/lib/resource-interface.js';
 import tsc from 'typescript';
 
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ const defaultCompilerOptions = {
   sourceMap: true
 };
 
-function getCompilerOptions (projectDirectory, extendConfig) {
+async function getCompilerOptions (projectDirectory, extendConfig) {
   const customOptions = extendConfig
-    ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(new URL('./tsconfig.json', projectDirectory).pathname, 'utf-8'))
+    ? JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(new URL('./tsconfig.json', projectDirectory), 'utf-8'))
     : { compilerOptions: {} };
 
   return {
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ class TypeScriptResource extends ResourceInterface {
 
   async serve(url) {
     const { projectDirectory } = this.compilation.context;
-    const source = await fs.promises.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
-    const compilerOptions = getCompilerOptions(projectDirectory, this.options.extendConfig);
+    const source = await fs.readFile(url, 'utf-8');
+    const compilerOptions = await getCompilerOptions(projectDirectory, this.options.extendConfig);
     // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Using-the-Compiler-API
     const body = tsc.transpileModule(source, { compilerOptions }).outputText;