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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AIRO (AI Risk Ontology)</title>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c" class="remove" defer></script>
<script class="remove">
var respecConfig = {
specStatus: "unofficial",
latestVersion: null,
previousURI:"https://delaramglp.github.io/AIRO/AIRODocumentation/",
shortName: "AIRO",
title: "AI Risk Ontology (AIRO)",
subtitle: "version 0.3",
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github: {
repoURL: "https://github.com/delaramglp/airo",
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authors: [{
"name": "Delaram Golpaygani",
"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/delaramglp/",
"company": "ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin",
/*"companyURL": "https://www.tcd.ie/",*/
},
{
name: "Harshvardhan J. Pandit",
url: "https://harshp.com/",
"company": "ADAPT Centre, Dublin City University",
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{
name: "Dave Lewis",
url: "https://people.tcd.ie/Profile?Username=delewis",
"company": "ADAPT Centre, Trinity College Dublin",
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// value: "Delaram Golpayegani, Harshvardhan J. Pandit, and Dave Lewis. “AIRO: An Ontology for Representing AI Risks Based on the Proposed EU AI Act and ISO Risk Management Standards”. In: Towards a Knowledge-AwareAI (2022). Publisher: IOS Press, pp. 51–65.",
// },
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// value: "https://doi.org/10.3233/SSW220008",
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value: "To Be High-Risk, or Not To Be-Semantic Specifications and Implications of the AI Act's High-Risk AI Applications and Harmonised Standards",
href:"http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/102552",
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th, td {
border:thin solid black;
padding: 0.3cm;
overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
th {
background-color: #FDDF95;
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</head>
<body>
<section id="abstract">
<p>AIRO (AI Risk Ontology) is an ontology for expressing risk of AI systems based on the requirements of the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206"> proposed AI Act </a> and ISO 31000 series of standards.
AIRO assists stakeholders in determining "high-risk" AI systems, maintaining and documenting risk information, performing impact assessments, and achieving conformity with AI regulations.</p>
</section>
<!--INTRODUCTION SECTION-->
<section id="introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p> The AI Act aims to avoid the harmful impacts of AI on critical areas such as health,
safety, and fundamental rights by setting down obligations which are proportionate to
the type and severity of risk posed by the system. It distinguishes specific areas and the
application of AI within them that constitutes "high-risk" and has additional obligations
(Art. 6) that require providers of high-risk AI systems to identify and document risks
associated with AI systems at all stages of development and deployment (Art. 9).</p>
<p>Existing risk management practises consist of maintaining, querying, and sharing
information associated with risks for compliance checking, demonstrating accountability,
and building trust. Maintaining information about risks for AI systems is a complex
task given the rapid pace with which the field progresses, as well as the complexities involved
in its lifecycle and data governance processes where several entities are involved
and need to share information for risk assessments. In turn, investigations based on this
information are difficult to perform which makes their auditing and assessment of compliance
a challenge for organisations and authorities. To address some of these issues,
the AI Act relies on creation of standards that alleviate some of the compliance related
obligations and tasks (Art. 40).</p>
<p>We propose an ontology-based approach regarding the information required to be maintained
and used for the AI Act’s compliance and conformance by utilising open data
specifications for documenting risks and performing AI risk assessment activities. Such
data specifications utilise interoperable machine-readable formats to enable automation
in information management, querying, and verification for self-assessment and thirdparty
conformity assessments. Additionally, they enable automated tools for supporting
AI risk management that can both import and export information meant to be shared with
stakeholders - such as AI users, providers, and authorities.</p>
<b>AIRO</b> is an ontology for expressing risk of harm associated
with AI systems based on the proposed EU AI Act and the key standards in the ISO 31000 series including
<a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/65694.html">31000:2018 Risk management – Guidelines </a> and
<a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/79637.html">ISO 31073:2022 Risk management — Vocabulary</a>.
AIRO assists with expressing risk of AI systems as per the requirements of the AI Act,
in a machine-readable, formal, and interoperable manner through use of semantic web
technologies.
</section>
<!--REQUIREMENTS SECTION-->
<section id="requirements">
<h2>Requirements</h2>
<p> The purpose of AIRO is to express AI risks to enable organisations to represent their AI systems and the associated AI risks and determine whether their AI systems are "high-risk" as per Annex III of the AI Act and
</p>
<!-- <section id="high-riskrequirements">
<h3>Describing High-Risk AI Systems</h3> -->
<p>We analysed the requirements of the AI Act, in particular the list of high-risk systems in Annex III, and identified the specific concepts whose combinations determine whether the AI system is considered high-risk.These are listed in Table 1 in the form of: competency questions, concepts, and relation with AI system.</p>
<br><br>
<div align="center">
<table>
<caption style="font-size: 15px;"> Table 1: Questions necessary to determine whether an AI system is high-risk according to Annex III </caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Competency Question</th>
<th>Concept</th>
<th>Relation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>In which <b>domain</b> is the AI system used?</td>
<td><a href="#Domain" title="https://w3id.org/airo#Domain"><code>Domain</code></a></td>
<td><a href="#isAppliedWithinDomain" title="https://w3id.org/airo#isAppliedWithinDomain"><code>isAppliedWithinDomain</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>What is the <b>purpose</b> of the AI system?</td>
<td><a href="#Purpose" title="https://w3id.org/airo#Purpose"><code>Purpose</code></a></td>
<td><a href="#hasPurpose" title="https://w3id.org/airo#hasPurpose"><code>hasPurpose</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>What is the <b>capability</b> of the AI system? </td>
<td><a href="#Capability" title="https://w3id.org/airo#AICapability"><code>AICapability</code></a></td>
<td><a href="#hasApplication" title="https://w3id.org/airo#hasCapability"><code>hasCapability</code></a></td>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Who is the <b>user</b> of the AI system?</td>
<td><a href="#AIUser" title="https://w3id.org/airo#AIUser"><code>AIUser</code></a></td>
<td><a href="#isUsedBy" title="https://w3id.org/airo#isUsedBy"><code>isUsedBy</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Who is the <b>AI subject</b>?</td>
<td><a href="#AISubject" title="https://w3id.org/airo#AISubject"><code>AISubject</code></a></td>
<td><a href="#hasAISubject" title="https://w3id.org/airo#hasAISubject"><code>hasAISubject</code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<center>
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DelaramGlp/airo/main/figures/airo-annexIII-concepts.jpeg" alt="annex III concepts" width="500" >
<figcaption style="font-size: 15px;">Figure 1: concepts required for determining high-risk AI applications as per Annex III</figcaption>
</center>
<br>
To specify the conditions where use of an AI system is classified into the high-risk category, we determine values of the identified concepts by answering the 5 questions for each clause in Annex III. Combinations of values, which can be treated as rules for high-risk uses, for Annex III's high-risk applications are represented in Figure 2. <br>
If an AI system meets at least one of the conditions, it is considered as high-risk unless (i) its provider demonstrates that ``the output of the system purely accessory in respect of the relevant action or decision to be taken and is not therefore likely to lead to a significant risk to the health, safety or fundamental rights.'' (Art. 6 (3)), or (ii) it is put into service by a small-scale provider in the public or private sector for their own use to assess creditworthiness, determine credit score, health/life insurance risk assessment, or health/life insurance pricing (Annex III, pt. 5(a) and 5(b)).
<center>
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DelaramGlp/airo/main/figures/annexIII-czversion-updated-24april.png" alt="annex III combinations" width="700" >
<figcaption style="font-size: 15px;">Figure 2: Describing Annex III high-risk conditions using the 5 concepts</figcaption>
</center>
<!---
<section id="TechnicalDocumentation"><h3>Technical Documentation</h3>
<p> To conform to the AI Act, high-risk AI systems need to fulfil the requirements laid out
in Title III, Chapter 2. One of the key obligations is implementing a risk management
system to continuously identify, evaluate, and mitigate risks throughout the system’s
entire lifecycle (Art. 9). To demonstrate conformity to authorities, the providers of highrisk
systems need to create a technical documentation (Art. 11) containing information
listed in Annex IV.</p>
<p>To assist with this process, we identified the information required to be provided
as the technical documentation for an AI system as per AI Act Annex IV, with relevant
concepts and relations as presented in Table 2.</p>
<table style="width:100%">
<caption style="font-size: 15px">Table 2: Information needed to be featured in the AI Act technical documentation</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Annex IV </th>
<th style="width:45%">Required information </th>
<th>Domain</th>
<th>Relation </th>
<th>Range</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1(a)</td>
<td>System’s intended purpose </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasPurpose</code></td>
<td><code>Purpose</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1(a)</td>
<td>System’s developers</td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>isDevelopedBy</code> </td>
<td><code> AIDeveloper</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1(a)</td>
<td>System's date </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> dcterms:date </code> </td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1(a)</td>
<td> System's version </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasVersion</code> </td>
<td><code> Version</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(c) </td>
<td> Versions of relevant software or firmware </td>
<td> <code>System</code>/ <code>Component</code> </td>
<td><code> hasVersion</code> </td>
<td><code> Version</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(d)</td>
<td>Forms in which AI system is placed on the market or put into service </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> isUsedInFormOf</code> </td>
<td><code> AISystemForm</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(e) </td>
<td> Hardware on which the AI system run </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasExecutionEnvironment</code> </td>
<td><code> AIHardware</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(f) </td>
<td> Internal layout of the product which the system is part of </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code> Blueprint</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(g) </td>
<td> Instruction of use for the user</td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code> InstructionOfUse </code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 1(g) </td>
<td> Installation instructions </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code>InstallationInstruction</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(a)</td>
<td> third party tools used </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasComponent</code> </td>
<td><code> Tool </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(a)</td>
<td> Pre-trained system used </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasComponent</code></td>
<td><code> Pre-trainedSystem</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 2(b)</td>
<td> Design specifications of the system </td>
<td><code> AISystem</code></td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code> </td>
<td><code> SystemDesignSpecification </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 2(c) </td>
<td> The system architecture </td>
<td><code> AISystem</code></td>
<td><code> hasDocumenatation </code></td>
<td><code> SystemArchitecture </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 2(d) </td>
<td> Data requirements </td>
<td><code> Data </code></td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code>Datasheet </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 2(e) </td>
<td>Human oversight measures </td>
<td><code> HumanOversightMeasure </code> </td>
<td> <code> modifiesEvent </code></td>
<td><code>Event</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td>Testing data </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasComponent</code> </td>
<td><code> TestingData</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td> Validation data </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasComponent</code> </td>
<td><code> ValidationData</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td>Characteristics of data </td>
<td><code> Data </code></td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code> Datasheet</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td> Metrics used to measure accuracy/ robustness/ cybersecurity </td>
<td><code> Accuracy</code>/ <code>Robustness</code>/ <code>CybersecurityMertic</code></td>
<td><code> isUsedToMeasure </code> </td>
<td> <code>AISystemAccuracy</code>/ <code>Robustness</code>/ <code>Cybersecurity</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td> Discriminatory impacts of the system </td>
<td><code> Consequence</code> </td>
<td><code>hasImpact</code></td>
<td><code>Impact</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td>Test log </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code> TestLog</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2(g)</td>
<td>Test report </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code>TestReport</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3 </td>
<td> Expected level of accuracy </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasExpectedAccuray</code></td>
<td><code> AISystemAccuracy</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3 </td>
<td>Foreseeable unintended outcomes of the risk </td>
<td><code>Risk</code></td>
<td><code>hasConsequence</code></td>
<td><code>Consequence</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3 </td>
<td> Sources of the risk </td>
<td><code>RiskSource</code></td>
<td> isRiskSourceFor </td>
<td><code>Risk</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3 </td>
<td> Human oversight measures </td>
<td><code> HumanOversightMeasure </code></td>
<td><code>modifiesEvent</code></td>
<td><code>Event</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3 </td>
<td> Technical measures </td>
<td><code> TechnicalMeasure </code></td>
<td><code>modifiesEvent</code></td>
<td><code>Event</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3 </td>
<td> Specification of input data </td>
<td><code> InputData</code></td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code>Datasheet</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Risks associated with the AI system </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasRisk </code></td>
<td><code>Risk</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Sources of the risk </td>
<td><code>RiskSource</code></td>
<td><code> isRiskSourceFor</code> </td>
<td><code>Risk</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Consequences of the risk </td>
<td><code>Risk</code></td>
<td><code>hasConsequence</code></td>
<td><code>Consequence</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Harmful impacts of the risk </td>
<td><code>Consequence</code></td>
<td><code>hasImpact</code></td>
<td><code>Impact</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Probability of risk source/ risk/ consequence /impact </td>
<td><code> RiskSource</code>/ <code>Risk</code>/ <code>Consequence</code>/ <code>Impact</code></td>
<td><code> hasLikelihood </code></td>
<td><code> Likelihood </code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Severity of consequence/ impact </td>
<td><code> Consequence</code>/ <code>Impact</code> </td>
<td><code> hasSeverity </code></td>
<td><code> Severity </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Impacted stakeholders </td>
<td><code> Impact </code></td>
<td><code> hasImpactOnAISubject </code></td>
<td><code> AISubject </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> Impacted area </td>
<td><code>Impact</code></td>
<td><code> hasImpactOnArea </code></td>
<td><code> AreaOfImpact </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td >4 </td>
<td> Risk management measures applied </td>
<td><code> Control </code></td>
<td><code>modifiesEvent</code></td>
<td><code>Event</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 6 </td>
<td> Standard applied </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> usesStandard </code></td>
<td><code> Standard </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 6 </td>
<td> Harmonised standards applied </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> usesStandard </code></td>
<td><code> HarmonisedStandard </code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 6 </td>
<td> Technical specifications applied </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> usesTechnicalSpecification </code> </td>
<td><code> TechnicalSpecification </code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 7 </td>
<td> EU declaration of conformity </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code>hasDocumentation</code></td>
<td><code> EUDeclarationOfConformity</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 8 </td>
<td> Post-market monitoring system </td>
<td><code>AISystem</code> </td>
<td><code> hasPostmarketMonitoring System </code> </td>
<td><code> PostmarketMonitoringSystem</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 8 </td>
<td> Description of the post-market system that evaluates the performance </td>
<td><code> PostmarketMonitoringSystem </code></td>
<td><code> dcterms:description</code></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>-->
<!--OVERVIEW SECTION-->
<section id="overview"><h2> Overview </h2>
<section id="core"> <h3>Core Concepts and Relations</h3>
AIRO’s core concepts and relations are illustrated in Figure 3. The upper half shows the
main concepts required for describing an AI System (green boxes), and the lower half
represents key concepts for expressing Risk (purple boxes). The relation <a href="#hasRisk" title="https://w3id.org/AIRO#hasRisk">hasRisk</a> links
these two halves by connecting risk to either an AI system or a component of the system.
<br><br>
<center>
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DelaramGlp/AIRO/main/figures/airo-concepts-3april.jpeg" alt="AIRO concepts" width="800" >
<figcaption style="font-size: 15px;">Figure 3: AIRO core concepts and relations</figcaption>
</center>
</section>
<section id="namespacedeclarations">
<h3>Namespace declarations</h3>
<div id="ns" align="center">
<table class="def">
<caption style="font-size: 15px;"> Table 3: Namespaces used in the document </caption>
<tbody>
<tr><td><b>airo</b></td><td><https://w3id.org/airo></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>owl</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>rdf</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>terms</b></td><td><http://purl.org/dc/terms></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>xml</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>xsd</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>rdfs</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>prov</b></td><td><http://www.w3.org/ns/prov></td></tr>
<tr><td><b>dc</b></td><td><http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="Classes"><h3>Classes</h3>
<section>
<h2 id="AISystem">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> AI System
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AISystem"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#AISystem </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>AISystem </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> AI System </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> An engineered or machine-based system that can, for a given set of objectives, generate outputs such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. AI systems are designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy [NIST] </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206&from=EN">AI Act proposal</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SubClassOf</td>
<td><a href="https://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity">prov:Entity</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Domain">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Domain
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Domain"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Domain </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Domain </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Domain </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Refers to domain, sector, or industry</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Purpose">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Purpose
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Purpose"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Purpose </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Purpose </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Purpose </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Refers to the use for which an AI system is intended by the provider, including the specific context and conditions of use, as specified in the information supplied by the provider in the instructions for use, promotional or sales materials and statements, as well as in the technical documentation. [AI Act, Art. 3(12)]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206&from=EN">AI Act proposal</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="AICapability">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> AI Capability
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AICapability"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#AICapability </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>AICapability </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> AI Capability </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> The capability of an AI system that enables realisation of the system's purposes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="AITechnique">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> AI Technique
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AITechnique"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#AITechnique </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>AITechnique </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> AI Technique </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Approach or technique used in development of an AI system </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="AILifecyclePhase">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> AI Lifecycle Phase
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AILifecyclePhase"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#AILifecyclePhase </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>AILifecyclePhase </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> AI Lifecycle Phase </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> A Phase of AI lifecycle which indicates evolution of the system from conception through retirement </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="AIComponent">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> AI Component
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AIComponent"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#AIComponent </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>AIComponent </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> AI Component </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Component (element) of an AI system </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Output">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Output
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Output"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Output </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Output </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Output </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Output of an AI system </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Event">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Event
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Event"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Event </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Event </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Event </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td>ISO 31000, 3.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="RiskSource">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Risk Source
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#RiskSource"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#RiskSource </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>RiskSource </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Risk Source </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> An element that has the potential give rise to a risk </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SubClassOf</td>
<td><a href="https://w3id.org/airo#Event">airo:Event</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td>ISO 31000, 3.4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Risk">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Risk
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Risk"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Risk </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Risk </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Risk </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Risk of harm associated with an AI system </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SubClassOf</td>
<td><a href="https://w3id.org/airo#Event">airo:Event</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Consequence">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Consequence
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Consequence"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Consequence </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Consequence </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Consequence </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Outcome of an event affecting objectives </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SubClassOf</td>
<td><a href="https://w3id.org/airo#Event">airo:Event</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Source</td>
<td>ISO 31000, 3.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="Impact">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Impact
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#Impact"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>
<td><code> https://w3id.org/airo#Impact </code></td>
<tr>
<td> Term </td>
<td>Impact </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Label </td>
<td> Impact </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Definition </td>
<td> Outcome of a consequence on persons, groups, facilities, environment, etc. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SubClassOf</td>
<td><a href="https://w3id.org/airo#Consequence">airo:Consequence</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2 id="AreaOfImpact">
<bdi class="secno"> </bdi> Area Of Impact
<a class="self-link" aria-label="§" href="https://w3id.org/airo#AreaOfImpact"></a>
</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:12%"> IRI </td>