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<h1 id="The-Road-to-learn-React书籍学习笔记-第一章"><a href="#The-Road-to-learn-React书籍学习笔记-第一章" class="headerlink" title="The Road to learn React书籍学习笔记(第一章)"></a>The Road to learn React书籍学习笔记(第一章)</h1><p><a href="https://github.com/LbhFront-end/react-pratice/tree/master/my-first-react-app"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%A6%E6%83%85%E8%A7%81%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84github-%E7%82%B9%E6%88%91-blue.svg" alt="The Road to learn React 代码"></a></p>
<h2 id="react灵活的生态圈"><a href="#react灵活的生态圈" class="headerlink" title="react灵活的生态圈"></a>react灵活的生态圈</h2><h3 id="Small-Application"><a href="#Small-Application" class="headerlink" title="Small Application"></a>Small Application</h3><p>Boilerplate: create-react-app<br>Utility: JavaScript ES6 and beyond<br>Styling: plain CSS and inline style<br>Asynchronous Requests: fetch<br>Higher Order Components: optional<br>Formatting: none<br>Type Checking: none or PropTypes<br>State Management: local state<br>Routing: none or conditional rendering<br>Authentication: Firebase<br>Database: Firebase<br>UI Components: none<br>Time: moment or date-fns<br>Testing: Jest</p>
<h3 id="Medium-Application"><a href="#Medium-Application" class="headerlink" title="Medium Application"></a>Medium Application</h3><p>Boilerplate: create-react-app with eject<br>Utility: JavaScript ES6 + Lodash or Ramda<br>Styling: CSS modules or Styled Components<br>Asynchronous Requests: fetch or axios<br>Higher Order Components: maybe + optional recompose<br>Formatting: Prettier<br>Type Checking: none or Flow<br>State Management: local state and very optional Redux<br>Routing: React Router<br>Authentication: Firebase<br>Database: Firebase<br>UI Components: none or Semantic UI<br>Time: moment or date-fns<br>Testing: Jest with Enzyme </p>
<h3 id="Large-Application"><a href="#Large-Application" class="headerlink" title="Large Application"></a>Large Application</h3><p>Boilerplate: create-react-app with eject or own boilerplate project<br>Utility: JavaScript ES6 + Lodash or Ramda<br>Styling: CSS modules or Styled Components<br>Asynchronous Requests: axios<br>Higher Order Components: maybe + optional recompose<br>Formatting: Prettier<br>Type Checking: Flow<br>State Management: local state and Redux or MobX<br>Routing: React Router<br>Authentication: Solution with an own Express/Hapi/Koa Node.js Server with Passport.js<br>Database: Solution with an own Express/Hapi/Koa Node.js Server with a SQL or NoSQL Database<br>UI Components: Semantic UI or own implementation of UI components<br>Time: moment or date-fns<br>Testing: Jest with Enzyme </p>
<h2 id="基本要求npm-node"><a href="#基本要求npm-node" class="headerlink" title="基本要求npm/node"></a>基本要求npm/node</h2><p>Node包管理器（npm/node/package/manager）可以让你通过命令行安装第三方node包。这些包可能是一系列的工具函数、库、或者是集成的框架 </p>
<h2 id="零配置搭载react"><a href="#零配置搭载react" class="headerlink" title="零配置搭载react"></a>零配置搭载react</h2><blockquote>
<p><code>npm install -g react-reate-app</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>运行</p>
<blockquote>
<p>npm start</p>
</blockquote>
<p>运行测试</p>
<blockquote>
<p>npm test</p>
</blockquote>
<p>构建项目产品文件</p>
<blockquote>
<p>npm run build</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="ES6中的const与let"><a href="#ES6中的const与let" class="headerlink" title="ES6中的const与let"></a>ES6中的<code>const</code>与<code>let</code></h2><p>被<code>const</code>声明的变量不能被重新赋值或者是重新声明。可以使用它创建不可变数据结构。但如果创建的这个变量是数组或者是对象的时候，里面持有的内容可以被更新。<br>当一个变量需要被重新赋值的时候，应该使用<code>let</code>去声明它</p>
<h2 id="ReactDOM"><a href="#ReactDOM" class="headerlink" title="ReactDOM"></a>ReactDOM</h2><p>简单地说，<code>ReactDOM.render()</code>会使用<code>JSX</code>替换<code>HTML</code>中一个<code>DOM</code>节点，这样可以很容易地<code>React</code>集成到每一个其他的应用中。<code>ReactDOM.render()</code> 有两个传入参数，第一个是准备渲染的<code>JSX</code>,第二个参数指定了<code>React</code>应用在<code>HTML</code>中放置的位置。</p>
<h2 id="模块热替换"><a href="#模块热替换" class="headerlink" title="模块热替换"></a>模块热替换</h2><p>模块热替换（HMR）是一个帮助你在浏览器中重新加载应用的工具，并且无需让浏览器刷新页面。<br>在<code>src/index.js</code>中添加一些配置代码</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>if（module.hot）{module.hot.accept();}</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>代码改变后，浏览器就不会刷新页面，但是应用还是会重新加载并且正确的输出</p>
<h2 id="JSX中复杂的JavaScript"><a href="#JSX中复杂的JavaScript" class="headerlink" title="JSX中复杂的JavaScript"></a>JSX中复杂的JavaScript</h2><p>定义一个列表</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import React, { Component } from 'react';</span><br><span class="line">// import logo from './logo.svg';</span><br><span class="line">import './App.css';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const list = [{</span><br><span class="line"> title: 'React',</span><br><span class="line"> url: 'https://facebook.github.io/react',</span><br><span class="line"> author: 'Jordan Walke',</span><br><span class="line"> num_comments: 3,</span><br><span class="line"> points: 4,</span><br><span class="line"> objectID: 0,</span><br><span class="line">}, {</span><br><span class="line"> title: 'Redux',</span><br><span class="line"> url: 'https://github.com/reactjs/redux',</span><br><span class="line"> author: 'Dan Abramov, Andrew Clark',</span><br><span class="line"> num_comments: 2,</span><br><span class="line"> points: 5,</span><br><span class="line"> objectID: 1, </span><br><span class="line">}];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在JSX中使用HTML中的JavaScript是强大的，可以使用<code>map</code>来将一个列表转换成另外一个列表。记得在React中添加一个辅助属性，给列表的每个成员加上一个关键字（<code>key</code>）属性，这样就可以在列表发生变化的时候识别其中成员的添加、更改和删除的状态。不要错误地使用列表成员在数组的索引作为关键字，列表的成员索引是完全不稳定的</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class App extends Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return ( </span><br><span class="line"> <div className = "App"></span><br><span class="line"> {list.map(function(item){</span><br><span class="line"> return(</span><br><span class="line"> <div key = {item.objectID}></span><br><span class="line"> <span></span><br><span class="line"> <a href= {item.url}>{item.title}</a></span><br><span class="line"> </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.author}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.num_comments}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.points}</span></span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> })} </span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">export default App;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="ES6-箭头函数"><a href="#ES6-箭头函数" class="headerlink" title="ES6 箭头函数"></a>ES6 箭头函数</h2><p>箭头函数表达式比普通的函数表达式更加简洁</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//函数表示式</span><br><span class="line">function(){...}</span><br><span class="line">//箭头函数</span><br><span class="line">（） => {...}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注意：如果函数只有一个参数，就可以移除参数的括号，但是如果有多个参数，就必须保留这个括号</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//允许</span><br><span class="line">item =>{...}</span><br><span class="line">(item) =>{...}</span><br><span class="line">(item,key) =>{...}</span><br><span class="line">//不允许</span><br><span class="line">item,key =>{...}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上例可以改写为</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class App extends Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return ( </span><br><span class="line"> <div className = "App"></span><br><span class="line"> {list.map(item =>{</span><br><span class="line"> return(</span><br><span class="line"> <div key = {item.objectID}></span><br><span class="line"> <span></span><br><span class="line"> <a href= {item.url}>{item.title}</a></span><br><span class="line"> </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.author}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.num_comments}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.points}</span></span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> ); </span><br><span class="line"> })} </span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>另外在ES6的箭头函数中，可以简洁函数体来替换块状函数体（用花括号<code>{}</code>表示），简洁函数体的返回不用显示声明，这样就可以移除掉return表示式，那再改简洁</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class App extends Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return ( </span><br><span class="line"> <div className = "App"></span><br><span class="line"> {list.map(item =></span><br><span class="line"> <div key = {item.objectID}></span><br><span class="line"> <span></span><br><span class="line"> <a href= {item.url}>{item.title}</a></span><br><span class="line"> </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.author}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.num_comments}</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span>{item.points}</span></span><br><span class="line"> </div> </span><br><span class="line"> )} </span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> );</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="ES6类"><a href="#ES6类" class="headerlink" title="ES6类"></a>ES6类</h2><p>javaScript ES6中引入了类的概念。类通常在面向对象编程语言中被使用，可以根据使用情况一边使用函数式编程一边使用面向对象编程<br>尽管React为了例如不可变数据结构等的特征而拥抱函数式编程，但是它还是使用类来声明组件，这些组件就被称为ES6组件，React混合使用了两种编程范式中的有益部分</p>
<p>例如下面这个Developer类</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Developer{</span><br><span class="line"> constructor(firstname,lastname){</span><br><span class="line"> this.firstname = firstname;</span><br><span class="line"> this.lastname = lastname; </span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> getName(){</span><br><span class="line"> return this.firstname + '' +this.lastname;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>类都有一个用来实例化自己的构造函数，这个构造函数可以用来传入参数来赋予给类的实例。此外，类可定义函数，因为这个函数被关联给了类，所有它被称为方法，通常它被当称为类的方法。<br>实例化上面的Develper类，以及使用它的方法 </p>
<blockquote>
<p>const Lbh = new Developer(‘Lai’,’binhong’);<br>console.log(Lbh.getName());</p>
</blockquote>
<p>React 使用JavaScript ES6类来实现 ES6组件 </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import React, {Component} from 'react';</span><br><span class="line"> class App extends Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render(){</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>App类</code>继承自<code>Component</code>，你可以声明App组件，但是这个组件需要继承自另一个组件，继承的意思就是在一个面向对象编程的语言中，你要需要遵循继承原则， 它可以把功能从一个类传递到另一个类</p>
<p>这个App类就从Component类中继承了它的功能，这个Component类是从一个基本ES6类中继承来的ES6组件类。它 有一个React组件所需要的所有功能。渲染（<code>render</code>）方法就是其中可以使用的一个功能。<br>这个Component 类封装了所有React类需要的细节。<br><code>React Component</code>类暴露出来的方法都是公共的接口，这些方法有一个方法必须被重写，其他的则不一定要被重写。<code>render()</code>方法是必须要被重写的方法，因为你定义了一个React组件的输出，它必须被定义</p>
<p>参考链接：<a href="https://leanpub.com/the-road-to-learn-react-chinese">https://leanpub.com/the-road-to-learn-react-chinese</a></p>
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